| 1. |
- Pinzone, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for operative and social sustainability functionalities in Human- Centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers and Industrial Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352. ; 139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a near future where manufacturing companies are faced with the rapid technological developments of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Industry 4.0, a need arises to consider how this will affect human operators remaining as a vital and important resource in modern production systems. What will the implications of these orchestrated and ubiquitous technologies in production – a concept we call Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) – be on the health, learning and operative performance of human workers? This paper makes three main contributions to address the question. First, it synthesizes the diverse literature regarding CPS and social sustainability in production systems. Second, it conceptualizes a holistic framework, the CyFL Matrix, and outlines a guideline to analyze how the functionalities of a CPPS relate to operational and social sustainability-related performance impacts at different levels of analysis. Finally, it presents an industrial use case, which the CyFL Matrix and the related guidelines are applied to. In doing so, the study offers first support to researchers and managers of manufacturing companies willing to define suitable operational and social sustainability-related performances for Human-centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems of the future.
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| 2. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828. ; 31:1, s. 37-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perceived quality is one of the most critical aspects of product development that defines the successful design. This paper presents a new approach to perceived quality assessment by examining its elements, decomposed into a structure with the bottom-up sensory approach from the level of basic (‘ground’) attributes, covering almost every aspect of quality perception from the engineering viewpoint. The paper proposes a novel method for perceived quality attributes relative importance ranking, resulting in the balanced perceived quality of the final product within the given conditions. The proposed method helps to reach the equilibrium of the product’s quality equation from the perspective of design effort, time, and costs estimations. The authors introduce the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF), which is the taxonomy system for perceived quality attributes and the core of the attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method. The research outcomes are based on findings of the qualitative exploratory study, including European and North American premium and luxury automotive manufacturers. An empirical structural validity test was performed to assess the usability and rigour of the proposed method. The results indicate that perceived quality evaluation can be significantly improved during all stages of product development.
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| 3. |
- Svärd, Malin, 1985
(författare)
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Computational driver behavior models for vehicle safety applications
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to investigate how human driving behaviors can be formally described in mathematical models intended for online personalization of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or offline virtual safety evaluations. Both longitudinal (braking) and lateral (steering) behaviors in routine driving and emergencies are addressed. Special attention is paid to driver glance behavior in critical situations and the role of peripheral vision. First, a hybrid framework based on autoregressive models with exogenous input (ARX-models) is employed to predict and classify driver control in real time. Two models are suggested, one targeting steering behavior and the other longitudinal control behavior. Although the predictive performance is unsatisfactory, both models can distinguish between different driving styles. Moreover, a basic model for drivers' brake initiation and modulation in critical longitudinal situations (specifically for rear-end conflicts) is constructed. The model is based on a conceptual framework of noisy evidence accumulation and predictive processing. Several model extensions related to gaze behavior are also proposed and successfully fitted to real-world crashes and near-crashes. The influence of gaze direction is further explored in a driving simulator study, showing glance response times to be independent of the glance's visual eccentricity, while brake response times increase for larger gaze angles, as does the rate of missed target detections. Finally, the potential of a set of metrics to quantify subjectively perceived risk in lane departure situations to explain drivers' recovery steering maneuvers was investigated. The most influential factors were the relative yaw angle and splay angle error at steering initiation. Surprisingly, it was observed that drivers often initiated the recovery steering maneuver while looking off-road. To sum up, the proposed models in this thesis facilitate the development of personalized ADASs and contribute to trustworthy virtual evaluations of current, future, and conceptual safety systems. The insights and ideas contribute to an enhanced, human-centric system development, verification, and validation process. In the long term, this will likely lead to improved vehicle safety and a reduced number of severe injuries and fatalities in traffic.
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| 4. |
- Salunkhe, Omkar, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Current Status and Future Directions for Collaborative and Semi-Automated Automotive Wire Harnesses Assembly
- 2023
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 120, s. 696-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wire harnesses are vital for any modern automotive vehicle. They control the basic functions in a vehicle, for example, windshield wipers and critical functions such as sensors, cameras, and autopilot functions. Thus, the quality of wire harness assembly is highly important. Today, wire harnesses are usually assembled manually, which creates unergonomic and tedious working conditions for operators. Traditional and collaborative industrial robots have been identified as possible solutions to overcome challenges faced by operators in this type of assembly. The international research community has proposed many solutions for automating the assembly of wire harnesses in automotive vehicles but despite these solutions, the industry has not been able to adopt a method to automate this assembly process fully or partially. This paper presents a review of findings on robot-assisted wire harness assembly processes based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, the assembly of wire harnesses in Electric Vehicles (EVs). The state-of-the-art review focuses on solutions to improve unergonomic work situations and ensure the quality of assembly operations. Best practices and reasons for the lack of extensive implementation in automotive final assembly systems are described. Further, the paper presents suggestions based on success stories where the automation of the wire harness assembly in automotive vehicles has been realised by leveraging human-centred automation solutions. Based on the findings, this paper identifies the research for future study. The findings also indicate that there is already technology that can support the automation of wire harness assembly processes in EVs but it is crucial to identify the human aspects and the role of humans in the assembly of wire harness assembly process.
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| 5. |
- Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of empirical studies on green manufacturing: eight propositions and a research framework for digitalized sustainable manufacturing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Production and Manufacturing Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2169-3277. ; 10:1, s. 727-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturers are facing increasing pressures to adapt their operations to meet sustainability goals. Research and developments on industrial digitalization (aka Industry 4.0) present new opportunities to create and capture value in ever-more complex and connected industrial systems. However, digitalization does not always align with sustainability, and case studies combining these two topics are still scarce. To address these gaps, we adopted a bottom-up approach to (1) identify existing environmental solutions and their implementation challenges by reviewing 208 empirical studies, and (2) formulate eight propositions to guide further work so that digitalization supports environmental improvements more systematically. Finally, a framework for Digitalized Sustainable Manufacturing consisting of four research themes is proposed, pointing to future research needed to align industrial development with sustainable development goals. The propositions and framework aim to structure and focus future research by targeting specifically the challenges encountered when implementing environmental solutions in manufacturing.
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| 6. |
- Ericson Öberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostics of Opportunities – A Dialogue Tool for Addressing Digital Factory Maturity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation andWork Integrated Learning. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 395-406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.
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| 7. |
- Stark, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid digital manufacturing: Capturing the value of digitalization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1873-1317 .- 0272-6963. ; 69:6, s. 890-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A chasm is growing between the advanced technologies available for improving manufacturing operations and those effectively used in practice. The vision of Industry 4.0 is to mobilize industry to seek out these possibilities for improvement and to close the gap between opportunity and reality. However, when compared with more established improvement opportunities such as lean manufacturing, the digitalization of manufacturing lacks in both paradigmatic examples and an understanding of how to achieve the benefits. This lack is a complication of concern: Without an appropriate operations strategy to capture the value of digitalization, manufacturing companies will be unable to focus on technological investments and operational changes. To address this concern, operations management academics must develop new theory through active engagement in the practice of digitalization in manufacturing. This research presents a paradigmatic example, based on engaged scholarship, focused on effectively combining novel object-interactive and conventional manufacturing syntax for benefiting from digitalization in internal operations and the wider supply chain. The contribution to literature is a novel operations strategy—hybrid digital manufacturing—for capturing the value of Industry 4.0 technologies.
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| 8. |
- Svärd, Malin, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and response to critical lead vehicle deceleration events with peripheral vision: Glance response times are independent of visual eccentricity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575. ; 150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies show high correlations between drivers’ off-road glance duration or pattern and the frequency of crashes. Understanding drivers’ use of peripheral vision to detect and react to threats is essential to modelling driver behavior and, eventually, preventing crashes caused by visual distraction. A between-group experiment with 83 participants was conducted in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Each driver in the experiment was exposed to an unexpected, critical, lead vehicle deceleration, when performing a self-paced, visual-manual, tracking task at different horizontal visual eccentricity angles (12°, 40° and 60°). The effect of visual eccentricity on threat detection, glance and brake response times was analyzed. Contrary to expectations, the driver glance response time was found to be independent of the eccentricity angle of the secondary task. However, the brake response time increased with increasing task eccentricity, when measured from the driver’s gaze redirection to the forward roadway. High secondary task eccentricity was also associated with a low threat detection rate and drivers were predisposed to perform frequent on-road check glances while executing the task. These observations indicate that drivers use peripheral vision to collect evidence for braking during off-road glances. The insights will be used in extensions of existing driver models for virtual testing of critical longitudinal situations, to improve the representativeness of the simulation results.
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| 9. |
- Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling Industrial Mixed Reality Using Digital Continuity : An Experiment Within Remanufacturing
- 2022
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Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 497-507
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the digitalisation era, overlaying digital, contextualised information on top of the physical world is essential for an efficient operation. Mixed reality (MR) is a technology designed for this purpose, and it is considered one of the critical drivers of Industry 4.0. This technology has proven to have multiple benefits in the manufacturing area, including improving flexibility, efficacy, and efficiency. Among the challenges that prevent the big-scale implementation of this technology, there is the authoring challenge, which we address by answering the following research questions: (1) “how can we fasten MR authoring in a manufacturing context?” and (2) “how can we reduce the deployment time of industrial MR experiences?”. This paper presents an experiment performed in collaboration with Volvo within the remanufacturing of truck engines. MR seems to be more valuable for remanufacturing than for many other applications in the manufacturing industry, and the authoring challenge appears to be accentuated. In this experiment, product lifecycle management (PLM) tools are used along with internet of things (IoT) platforms and MR devices. This joint system is designed to keep the information up-to-date and ready to be used when needed. Having all the necessary data cascading from the PLM platform to the MR device using IoT prevents information silos and improves the system’s overall reliability. Results from the experiment show how the interconnection of information systems can significantly reduce development and deployment time. Experiment findings include a considerable increment in the complexity of the overall IT system, the need for substantial investment in it, and the necessity of having highly qualified IT staff. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic approach to the design of industrial MR experiences.
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| 10. |
- Barrera Diaz, Carlos Alberto, 1987-
(författare)
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Simulation-based multi-objective optimization for reconfigurable manufacturing systems : Reconfigurability, manufacturing, simulation, optimization, RMS, multi-objective, knowledge discovery
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In today’s global and aggressive market system, for manufacturing companies to remain competitive, they must manufacture high-quality products that can be produced at a low cost; they also must respond efficiently to customers’ predictable and unpredictable needs and demand variations. Increasingly shortened product lifecycles, as well as product customization degrees, lead to swift changes in the market that need to be supported by capable and flexible resources able to produce faster and deliver to the market in shorter periods while maintaining a high degree of cost-efficiency. To cope with all these challenges, the setup of production systems needs to shift toward Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMSs), making production capable of rapidly and economically changing its functionality and capacity to face uncertainties, such as unforeseen market variations and product changes. Despite the advantages of RMSs, designing and managing these systems to achieve a high-efficiency level is a complex and challenging task that requires optimization techniques. Simulation-based optimization (SBO) methods have been proven to improve complex manufacturing systems that are affected by predictable and unpredictable events. However, the use of SBO methods to tackle challenging RMS design and management processes is underdeveloped and rarely involves Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO). Only a few attempts have applied Simulation-Based Multi-Objective Optimization (SMO) to simultaneously deal with multiple conflictive objectives. Furthermore, due to the intrinsic complexity of RMSs, manufacturing organizations that embrace this type of system struggle with areas such as system configuration, number of resources, and task assignment. Therefore, this dissertation contributes to such areas by employing SMO to investigate the design and management of RMSs. The benefits for decision-makers have been demonstrated when SMO is employed toward RMS-related challenges. These benefits have been enhanced by combining SMO with knowledge discovery and Knowledge-Driven Optimization (KDO). This combination has contributed to current research practices proving to be an effective and supportive decision support tool for manufacturing organizations when dealing with RMS challenges.
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