| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Back, Pär-Erik, 1961
(author)
-
On Uncertainty and Data Worth in Decision Analysis for Contaminated Land
- 2003
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Contaminated soil and groundwater is a problem that has received increased attention in the last decade. Decision-making about investigation strategies, protective actions, and remedial actions is based on sparse and uncertain information, primarily data of contaminant concentrations and geological information. Because of limited economical resources, cost-efficient decisions must be made. Risk-based decision analysis is a tool for evaluating the cost-efficiency of different decision alternatives. Identification of cost-efficient site investigations can be performed by applying data worth analysis. In such an analysis, the value of additional sample data is compared to sampling cost and if the data worth is larger than the cost it will be worthwhile to carry out the sampling. Because environmental samples are uncertain, this uncertainty should be considered in the analysis. An approach for estimation of uncertainty in soil sampling is presented. It is based on the sampling theory for particulate materials developed for the mining industry. The sample uncertainty is broken down into eight basic types of uncertainty and variability. An application of the methodology is presented for the problem of soil sampling with a drill auger. The result indicate that the uncertainty in sample data can easily be in the range of 30-40 %. The sampling uncertainty is believed to be much more important that the analytical uncertainty. A methodology for including sample uncertainty in data worth analysis is presented. It is based on a Bayesian approach to data worth. The sampling objective is to estimate the mean concentration at a site. A MathCad computer application for the calculations is supplied. An application of the data worth estimation procedure is presented for a sampling problem at a former Ferro-alloy work in Gullspång, Sweden. A conclusion is that prior estimates of contaminant concentrations may have a significant impact on the result, as well as estimates of failure cost. It is recommended to use different estimates of failure cost to study its influence. Results also indicate that when sample uncertainty is increased, the expected net value of the sampling program will decrease moderately and relatively constant. In situations where contamination has not yet occurred, cost-efficient protective actions need to be identified to combat environmental risks. A methodology for selecting costefficient protective actions for water supplies along railways has been developed. The risk object is railway transport of dangerous goods. Also for this problem, estimation of failure cost is believed to be important for the result. The need for additional development of the methodology is identified. Estimation of uncertainty in soil sampling can be improved and the described theory extended. The methodology for data worth analysis for contaminated land should be extended to take additional sampling objectives into account. contaminated land, data worth, decision analysis, risk, sampling, uncertainty
|
|
| 4. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
-
Den bedrägliga anti-antropokausismen
- 2001
-
In: Sjöberg, F (ed.), Vad ska vi med naturen till?. - Nora : Nya Doxa. - 9157803714 ; , s. 41-46
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 5. |
- Hansson, P.A., et al.
(author)
-
Air emissions from the fuel supply system of a Swedish CHP plant and the effects of stricter emission regulations
- 2003
-
In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 24:1, s. 59-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to quantify the energy use and production of air emissions by supply systems for different biofuels used in a typical Swedish combined heat and power plant. In addition, the effects of the future reductions in the total amounts of exhaust gas emissions, as a result of stricter emission regulations for transport and off-road equipment, were studied. A model was developed and used for the calculations. Input data were collected from a plant situated some 100 km from Stockholm in Sweden. Biofuels used by the plant include chips from limbs and tops, by-products from sawmills and chips from willow energy plantations. The results show that residues from sawmills are very favourable in terms of the studied environmental parameters. Air emissions from limbs and tops is 5-8 times greater than that from sawmills. The use of a terminal for temporary storage means that additional transport and loading operations are necessary which result in a 30% increase in air emissions. The most important effects of the stricter emission regulations are that emissions of nitrous oxides (NOx) caused by the supply system will decrease by up to 70% within 10 years and that the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions will decrease by 30-35%. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Samuelsson, Bo, 1942, et al.
(author)
-
From Here to Sustainability – Is the Lisbon/Göteborg agenda delivering?
- 2004
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Executive Summary The European Councils held in Lisbon (2000) and in Göteborg (2001) gave the Union a new direction by establishing a long term strategy with sustainable development as the overarching objective. Sustainable development means, in this context, goals for economic, social and environmental policy, which are both mutually consistent and capable of delivering enhanced economic growth. To assure progress towards an agreed range of targets, the open method of coordination (OMC) has been adopted as the process for the implementation of the strategy. The strategy for sustainable development is a long-term one and, although the deadline originally set for the Lisbon agenda was 2010, it is clear that sustainable development has a much longer time-horizon and also that there is a global dimension to sustainable development, not just an EU one. In the run up to the mid-term review of the Lisbon strategy, this report by the European Panel for Sustainable Development, EPSD, offers an assessment of the EU approach to sustainable development. The report is based on official documents, research reports and background reports prepared by researchers from different disciplines. It concentrates on the EU-15 Member States, because the ten new members that acceded to the EU in May 2004 have not (yet!) been subject to the same commitments in relation to sustainable development. However, in future work by the EPSD, it is anticipated that the coverage will be extended to embrace all 25 Member States. The report starts with a discussion on the political process, followed by an examination of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the strategy, of the potential of new technologies, and of the results delivered by the Member States. The final chapters include discussions on impact assessment and the global dimension of sustainable development. The focus of the report is on: − The integration of the three dimensions of sustai nable development and the policies that affect them into one coherent strategy − The implementation of the strategy through the open method of co-ordination The main messages of the report are that it is vital to: • Maintain the original commitment to sustainable development as the overarching objective of the Lisbon strategy and improve the co-ordination between the three pillars of the strategy: the economic, social and environmental dimensions [...]
|
|
| 8. |
- Böhler, Tom, 1955
(author)
-
Vindkraft, landskap och mening. En studie om vindkraft och människans rumsliga preferenser
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The point of departure for this thesis is a core question in present-day environmental work, namely how to balance the conservation of nature against its utilisation. A wind power venture on a large scale energy production will, for instance, obviously have an impact on the natural scenery of the coastline. The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how notions about the relationship between nature and society articulated in present-day environmental work influence what are regarded as possible solutions for tomorrow's sustainable society. The more specific aim is partly to better understand how conceptions of nature affect people's attitudes to wind power, and partly to understand how such attitudes are reproduced. The thesis is based on two different empirical studies. One consists of 26 interviews conducted during the period 1995-1997 with people who either through their work or idealistic interests have been regarded as being able to have some influence regarding the establishment of wind power along the west coast of Sweden. The other study is a textual analysis, conducted during 1999-2002, of a number of documents that in various ways take up the landscape of wind power. The study brings forward that the traditional distinction between nature and culture is still important, but that it is no longer a question of separating the natural from the cultural, but rather a question of separating what could be termed enjoyment landscape from industrial landscape. The study further brings forward that the care of cultural monuments, nature conservancy and physical planning form a powerful discursive coalition for the preservation of the landscape. The study also brings forward that in the discourse about wind power there are important aspects of landscapte that are marginalised. The debate about whether wind power should be used in a landscape or not, generally concerns aesthetics. Other important aspects such as the connection between local renewable energy production and global environmental responsibility are seldom taken up. Finally it is argued that the ambivalence manifested in some of the interviews concerning wind power should not primarily be regarded as resistance to wind power as such, but more as an expression of uncertainty about the direction in which society is moving.
|
|
| 9. |
- Böhler, Tom, 1955
(author)
-
Wind power, landscape and meaning : Some reflections about contemporary use of land from a human ecological perspective
- 2004
-
In: Land - Natur - Konsum. Bilder und Konzeptionen im humanökologischen Diskurs. Wolfgang Serbser, Fritz Reusswig, Heide Inhetveen (eds.). Edition Humanökologie, Band 3. - München : oekom verlag. - 3936581800 ; , s. 119-128
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- [The book, in German:] Unterschiedliche Sichtweisen von Situationen und Vorstellungen, wie etwas sein könnte und wie es sein sollte, prägen nicht nur unser Alltagshandeln. Sie sind auch Bestandteil unserer wissenschaftlichen Modelle und der daraus abgeleiteten Handlungskonzepte. Gerade weil sie sich häufig dem wissenschaftlichen Diskurs entziehen und nicht bewusst in wissenschaftliche Theorien einfließen, werden sie in diesem dritten Band der Edition Humanökologie auf die Agenda gesetzt. Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen der Humanökologie, der Umweltsoziologie und Agrarsoziologie analysieren in ihren Beiträgen zu den Themenfeldern "Land" (als Landschaft und Landwirtschaft) "Natur" und "Konsum" diese sowohl wissenschaftlich als auch gesellschaftlich folgenreichen Vorstellungs- und Bildwelten.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
