| 1. |
- Liljenström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Scoping Report on Socio-Economic and Land Use Dynamics in the Stockholm-Mälar Region
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This scoping report for the COMPLEX work package 4 (WP4) on Socio-Economic and Land Use Dynamics in the Stockholm-Mälar Region has several objectives. The first is to present and outline the state-of-the-art, including a literature review, with regard to complex pathways to a low carbon society, with special relevance to the Stockholm-Mälar region. It will do so in a larger context of complex socio-natural systems, with an emphasis on a green economy, bioen-ergy and land use, as well as on societal transformation and behavioural change. Another objec-tive is to inform primarily our partners in COMPLEX, but also others who might be interested, including stakeholders in our study region. Perhaps the most important objective with this re-port is to provide a basis for the collaborative work within our work package, and with our col-leagues elsewhere. In this second revised version of the report, we have extended some parts, and shortened others, depending on suggestions and interesting new information. A part of this new information has come from a stakeholder workshop held in Sigtuna in early 2014, which to a great extent could contribute to a more elaborate analysis of stakeholder and policy maker positions. In addition, there is now a more extensive description of relevant land use modelling. The illustrations included in this report are extracted from scientific articles and other material that we are referring to. Their origin is explicitly cited but no copyright authorization has been requested, while this report is intended primarily for internal spread and use within the COM-PLEX consortium and its networks.
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| 2. |
- Earon, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater Resources Potential in Hard Rock Terrain : A Multivariate Approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground Water. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0017-467X .- 1745-6584.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater resources are limited and difficult to predict in crystalline bedrock due to heterogeneity and anisotropy in rock fracture systems. Municipal-level governments often lack the resources for traditional hydrogeological tests when planning for sustainable use of water resources. A new methodology for assessing groundwater resources potential (GRP) based on geological and topographical factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was developed and tested. ANOVA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in classed variable groups as well as in classed GRP scores with regard to hydrogeological indicators, such as specific capacity (SC) and transmissivity. Results of PCA were used to govern the weight of the variables used in the prediction maps. GRP scores were able to identify 79% of wells in a verification dataset, which had SC values less than the total dataset median. GRP values showed statistically significant correlations using both parametric (using transformed datasets) and non-parametric methods. The method shows promise for municipal or regional level planning in crystalline terrains with high levels of heterogeneity and anisotropy as a hydrogeologically and statistically based tool to assist in assessing groundwater resources. The methodology is executed in a geographic information systems environment, and uses often readily available data, such as geological maps, feature maps and topography, and thus does not require expensive and time-consuming aquifer tests.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The feasibility of low CO2 concentration targets and the role of bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1480 .- 0165-0009. ; 100:1, s. 195-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC 1992) calls for stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. We use three global energy system models to investigate the technological and economic attainability of meeting CO2 concentration targets below current levels. Our scenario studies reveal that while energy portfolios from a broad range of energy technologies are needed to attain low concentrations, negative emission technologies-e.g., biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)-significantly enhances the possibility to meet low concentration targets (at around 350 ppm CO2).
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| 5. |
- Hammar, Arvid, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Tolerance Analysis of the Multi-Beam Limb Viewing Instrument STEAMR
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. - 2156-342X .- 2156-3446. ; 4:6, s. 714-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an optical tolerance analysis of the submillimeter atmospheric multi-beam limb sounder STEAMR. Physical optics and ray-tracing methods were used to quantify and separate errors in beam pointing and distortion due to reflector misalignment and primary reflector surface deforma-tions. Simulations were performed concurrently with the man-ufacturing of a multi-beam demonstrator of the relay optical system which shapes and images the beams to their corresponding receiver feed horns. Results from Monte-Carlo simulations show that the inserts used for reflector mounting should be positioned with an overall accuracy better than 100 µm (~1/10 wavelength). Analyses of primary reflector surface deformations show that a deviation of magnitude 100 µm can be tolerable before deployment, whereas the corresponding variations should be less than 30 µm during operation. The most sensitive optical elements in terms of misalignments are found near the focal plane. This localized sensitivity is attributed to the off-axis nature of the beams at this location. Post-assembly mechanical measurements of the reflectors in the demonstrator show that alignment better than 50 µm could be obtained.
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| 6. |
- Vikström, Hanna, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Lithium availability and future production outlooks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 110:10, s. 252-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is a highly interesting metal, in part due to the increasing interest in lithium-ion batteries. Several recent studies have used different methods to estimate whether the lithium production can meet an increasing demand, especially from the transport sector, where lithium-ion batteries are the most likely technology for electric cars. The reserve and resource estimates of lithium vary greatly between different studies and the question whether the annual production rates of lithium can meet a growing demand is seldom adequately explained. This study presents a review and compilation of recent estimates of quantities of lithium available for exploitation and discusses the uncertainty and differences between these estimates. Also, mathematical curve fitting models are used to estimate possible future annual production rates. This estimation of possible production rates are compared to a potential increased demand of lithium if the International Energy Agency’s Blue Map Scenarios are fulfilled regarding electrification of the car fleet. We find that the availability of lithium could in fact be a problem for fulfilling this scenario if lithium-ion batteries are to be used. This indicates that other battery technologies might have to be implemented for enabling an electrification of road transports.
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| 7. |
- Blennow, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Societal impacts of storm damage
- 2013
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Ingår i: Living with Storm Damage to Forests. What science can tell us. - 9789525980097 ; :3, s. 70-77
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Wästfelt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Local spatial context measurements used to explore the relationship between land cover and land use functions
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8432 .- 1872-826X .- 0303-2434. ; 23, s. 234-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research making use of satellite data for land change science has developed in the last decades. However, analysis of land use has not developed with the same speed as development of new satellite sensors and available land cover data. Improvement of land use analysis is possible, but more advanced methods are needed which make it possible to link image data to analysis of land use functions. To make this linking possible, variable which affect farmer's long term decisions must be taken into account in analysis as well as the relative importance of the landscape itself. A GIS-based tool for the measurement of local spatial context in satellite data is presented in this paper and used to explore the relationship between land covers present in satellite data and land use represented in official databases. By the use of the developed tool, a land configuration image (LCI) over the Siljan area in northern Sweden was produced and used for analysis. The results are twofold. First, the produced LCI holds new information about variables that are relevant for the interpretation of land use. Second, the comparison with statistics of agricultural production shows that production in the study area varies depending on the relative land configuration. Villages consisting of relatively large-scale arable fields and less diverse landscape are less diverse in production than villages which consist of smaller-scale and more heterogonous landscapes. The result is especially relevant for land use studies and policymakers working on environmental and agricultural policies. We conclude that local spatial context is an endogenous variable in the relation between landscape configuration and agricultural land use.
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| 9. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969
(författare)
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The cost of reducing CO2 emissions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climatic Change - Science and Policy. (Eds) Stephen H. Schneider, Rosencranz, A., Mastrandrea, M.D., and Kuntz-Duriseti, K., Island Press, Washington.. - 9781597265676
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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