| 1. |
- Forslund Frykedal, Karin, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Att göra det okända känt : Om bedömning av kunskaper och färdigheter vid arbete i grupp
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An encompassing knowledge interest in this project is to study what happens in the meetingbetween group work and assessment in the pedagogical practice. There seems to be adilemma between the demand for individual assessment of student’s knowledge and abilitiesand the demand of teaching collaboration abilities through group work. A previous studyconcerning teachers’ management of group work as classroom activity (Hammar Chiriac &Forslund Frykedal, 2010) reveals that assessment is a highly relevant factor when organisinggroup work in a school setting. In addition, teachers seem to experience difficulties andacknowledge some challenges and problems about assessing students working in a group. Toour knowledge this is a rather neglected research area and very little attention has been paid toresearch on assessment of students’ performance in collaborative situations.The main purpose in this study is to explore and comprehend teachers’ conceptions ofdifficulties and worries in connection with assessing students in collaborative situations.Furthermore, we intend to scrutinize what knowledge previous research may provide as acontribution to proficiency about assessment of group work.In the empirical study we have applied a grounded theory methodology and data havebeen assembled by means of group interviews. The informants were teachers, from forms 5-9in the nine-year compulsory school in Sweden.Previous research provides little theoretical knowledge or useful tools aiding the teachersin their task but comprises more of self- and peer assessment and how group members couldcontribute to the assessment.The result shows that teachers rather use informal than formal assessment. The informalassessment is mostly done by circulating in the classroom and observing the groups.Additionally, the result discloses that the teachers have difficulties to concretize and putwords on what and how they assess. In the discussion we present some pedagogicalimplications, which may be useful in the pedagogical practice. The pedagogical implicationsare based on empirical results and previous research.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Johanna, 1961
(författare)
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Ageing and Conservation of Silk. Evaluation of Three Support Methods Using Artificially Aged Silk
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis is to evaluate common remedial conservation support methods used in the conservation treatments of fragile silk costumes that have experienced physical damage. It is based on five papers. Paper I surveyed the methods textile conservators use to conserve historic textile costumes and their cri¬teria for a successful intervention. It also investigated artificial ageing of modern silk and wool fabrics with exposure to ultraviolet radiation to create material for laboratory-based experimental research. Furthermore, it evaluated mechanical methods to imitate natural wear in silk and wool fabrics, to simulate the handling of con¬served costumes, and to find a method to evaluate the effect of the conservation methods. The most common conservation method conservators reported using was to insert a support fabric between the outer fabric and the lining of a costume, which was then sewn on by the couching method over the outer fabric. The most important criterion for a successful conservation was aesthetical appeal. Abrasion by Nu-Martindale and tensile testing were found promising to use to achieve natural accelerated wear and to evaluate conservation methods. Paper II aimed at finding an optimal acceler¬ated ageing protocol to simulate the nature and degree of degradation found in naturally aged seventeenth century silk fabric in order to pro¬duce surrogates for experimental research. Tensile tests, Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), were investigated as methods for evaluating the results. Four environmental parameters were tested: relative humidity (RH), acidity (pH), ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and thermo-oxidation. For Paper III, further investigations were carried out to establish analytical markers for aged silk by additional analytical methods. The investigations were successfully complemented and verified using amino acid analysis, and measurement of pH and brightness. In both Papers II and III it was established that thermo-oxidation at 125ºC was the most suitable ageing method. In Paper IV two types of experimental damage on silk surrogates were conserved with three different methods: brick couching, laid couching, and crepeline. The conserved surrogates were further subjected to accelerated wear by using a combination of washing and tumbling, followed by tensile testing. The three interventions increased the surrogates’ strength from three to more than five times. Surrogates with a tear conserved with laid or brick couching were the least affected by wear; and, after the conservation was removed, the abraded surrogates conserved with crepeline were stronger than those conserved with the other two methods. Paper V explored the factors that determine aesthetic quality of conservation interventions. The study, based upon examinations performed by Swedish textile conservators, resulted in two factors coherence and completeness, that describe aesthetic quality.
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| 3. |
- Furenbäck, Ingela, 1963-
(författare)
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Utveckling av samverkan : ett deltagarorienterat aktionsforskningsprojekt inom hälso- och sjukvård
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte: Det övergripande vetenskapliga syftet med denna avhandling att nå en ökad förståelse om samverkansprocesser.Ansats och metoder: Studien har bedrivits genom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning inom hälso- och sjukvården i Hässleholm. Aktörer på verksamhetsfältet har strävat efter att utveckla samverkan för att tillsammans kunna utveckla närsjukvård. Forskningen har genererat kunskap utifrån lokala omständigheter att tjäna som underlag för beslut om att genomföra praktiska förändringar i verksamheten. En kombination av olika metoder har använts för att generera empiriskt material, där den huvudsakliga metoden har varit deltagande observationer med dialog. Därutöver har intervjuer och granskning av dokument använts samt en forskningscirkel, som är en speciell metod inom deltagarorienterad aktionsforskning. Studien har haft en hermeneutisk ansats och tolkningar har gjorts med stöd av olika teoretiska perspektiv och modeller. Kurt Lewins fältteori har utgjort en övergripande teoretisk ram för studien.Resultat: En ökad förståelse om den studerade samverkansprocessen kunde nås genom att beskriva och tolka skeenden som antogs ha påverkat utvecklingen av samverkan. Processen beskrevs både utifrån vertikal och horisontell integrering inom och mellan organisationer. Beskrivningen innefattade komponenter som fanns både inom arbetsprocesser och sociala processer. Den studerade samverkansprocessen delades in i delprocesser där var och en del innehöll en viss typ av aktivitet som genomfördes för att stödja utvecklingen av samverkan. Två olika strategier för utvecklingen av samverkan identifierades och illustrerades genom olika modeller: den linjära hierarkiska modellen respektive den dynamiska modellen. Den sistnämnda utvecklades genom aktionsforskningen.Slutsatser:I ett första skede bedrev deltagarna på fältet samverkan med stöd av den linjära hierarkiska modellen. Denna modell utgör ett tankeschema där samverkan utvecklas i en linjär hierarkisk process. Politiker fattar beslut, chefer planerar och professionella genomför aktiviteterna. Modellen utgår ifrån ett konsensusteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som störande element. Det innebar i detta fall att aktörer inom olika domäner och organisationer undvek varandras olika föreställningsvärldar varpå samverkansprocessen stötte på hinder i utvecklingen. Aktionsforskningen intervenerade i processen genom arrangera kommunikationsarenor med deltagare från olika domäner och organisationer. Samverkan utvecklades på så sätt utifrån den dynamiska modellen. Denna modell innehåller antaganden om att samverkansprocesser är dynamiska och har sin utgångspunkt i ett konfliktteoretiskt perspektiv där konflikter betraktas som naturliga i processen.
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| 4. |
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Drömmar. En vänbok till Ingemar Nilsson
- 2010
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Människor drömmer. På natten, men även under dagen. Drömmar kan vara fantasier och visioner, men också mardrömmar. Drömmars tolkas och nyttjas som en kulturell och social resurs. Drömmar objektiveras, blir söta frestelser och diaboliska hot. De är gåtor som rör sig mellan olika medvetandetillstånd. Ur drömmar vaknar vi upp, bara för att strax åter fångas av dem. Men kanske är det som Leonardo da Vinci hävdade, att våra ögon ser saker klarare i en dröm än vad de ser dem i vaket tillstånd. I den här antologin vände och vrider humanvetenskapliga forskare på drömmarnas problematik. Resultatet är en volym som ge idéhistoriska, filosofiska, kulturantropologiska, litteratur- och religionsvetenskapliga perspektiv på drömmen som fenomen.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Margereth, 1950-
(författare)
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Living with head and neck cancer : a health promotion perspective - a qualitative study
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aim: In society there is a growing awareness that a vital factor for patientswith chronic diseases, such as head and neck cancer (HNC), is how well they are able to function in their every day lives – a common, but often overlooked, public health issue. The overall aim of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of living with HNC and to identify the experiences that patients felt promoted their health and well-being. It also explores the patients' experiences of contact and care from health professionals and whether these encounters could increase their feelings of health and well-being; salutogenic approach.Methods: This thesis engages a qualitative data design. On three occasions, 35 purposivelyselected patients were interviewed (31 from Sweden and one from Denmark, Finland, Island, and Norway). The first study was conducted in the Nordic counties (I), and the remainingstudies were conducted in Sweden (II, III, IV). Interviews were performed on a single basis(I, II, III) and then repeated (IV). The individual, semi-structured qualitative interviews usedopen-ended questions (n=53). Three different forms of analyses were used: critical incident technique (I), thematic content analysis (II), latent content analysis (III), and interpretativedescriptive analysis (paper IV).Findings: Living with head and neck cancer was expressed as living in captivity, in the sensethat patients' sometimes life-threatening symptoms were constant reminders of the disease. The patients experienced a threat against identity and existence. Patients struggled to find power and control over everyday life, and if successful this appeared to offer them better health and well-being along with spiritual growth. The general understanding was that these patients had strong beliefs in the future despite living on a virtual rollercoaster. The patients went through a process of interplay of internal and external enabling that helped them acquire strength and feelings of better health and well-being. Consequently, they found power and control from inner strength and other health resources, e.g. social networks, nature, hobbies, activity, and health professionals. However, the findings also revealed the opposite; that some patients were more vulnerable and felt powerless and faced everyday life with emotional and existential loneliness. They were dependent on next of kin and health professionals. Having good interpersonal relationships and emotional support 24 hours a day from next of kin were crucial, as were health promoting contacts and care from health professionals. This health promoting contact and care built on working relationships with competent health professionals that were available, engaged, respectful, validating, and, above all experienced in the treatment phase. But many patients experienced not health promoting contact and care – and a sense of not being respected, or even believed. Added were the patients' experiences of inadequate coordination between phases of their lengthy illness trajectory. They felt lost and abandoned by health services, especially before and after treatment.Conclusions: Inner strength, good relationships with next of kin, nature, hobbies, andactivities could create strength and a sense of better health and well-being. Patients experienced a mutual working relationship during dialoguing and sensed co-operation and equality in encounters with competent health professionals. This could lead to enhanced power and control i.e. empowerment in a patient's everyday life. The findings highlight psychosocial rehabilitation in a patient-centred organisation when health professionals supportpatients' inner strength and health resources , and also offer long-term support to next of kin.Finally, this research suggests that if health professionals could gain a deeper understanding of the psychosocial, existential, social, and economic questions on patients' minds, they could better sense how patients feel and would be better equipped not only to offer greater support, but to raise their voices to improve health policy and health care for these patients.
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| 6. |
- Björklund, Margereth
(författare)
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Living with head and neck cancer : a health promotion perspective - a qualitative study
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syfte och bakgrund: Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att få en djupare förståelse för personer med huvud – halscancer vardagsliv samt vad som främjar deras hälsa och välbefinnande d v s ett salutogent synsätt. Kroniska sjukdomstillstånd såsom cancer räknas numera till de stora folksjukdomarna och vid huvud – halscancer är vikten av ett fungerande vardagsliv emellertid ett ofta förbisett folkhälsoproblem. Metod: Avhandlingen omfattar fyra delarbeten baserade på kvalitativa data. Resultaten baseras på semistrukturerade individuella intervjuer (n=53) som riktades till 35 utvalda personer. Den första studien (I) genomfördes i Danmark, Finland, Island, Norge och Sverige och de övriga i Sverige (II, III, IV). Intervjuerna genomfördes vid ett tillfälle (I, II, III) och vid upprepade tillfälle (IV). Tre olika textanalyser användes, kritisk händelse teknik (I), tematisk innehålls analys (II), latent innehållsanalys (III) och tolkande beskrivande analys (IV). Resultat: Att leva med huvud - halscancer beskrevs somett liv i fångenskap och upplevdes som att åka i berg och dalbana mellan hopp och förtvivlan. De ofta livshotande symtomen påminde ständigt om sjukdomen och upplevdes som hot både mot existensen och mot identiteten. Detta till trots kom ibland en stark optimism och tro på framtiden till uttryck. Några av de intervjuades vardagsliv präglades dock av känslomässig och existentiell ensamhet och upplevelser av sårbarhet och maktlöshet. Att ha makt och kontroll över den egna livssituationen liksom närståendes känslomässiga stöd, ibland dygnet runt, främjade hälsan. Hälsofrämjande kontakter med vårdpersonalen upplevdes främst under sjukhusvistelsen. Avgörande var en god och bekräftande patient vårdar relation samt att personalen hade hög kompetens och visade engagemang och respekt i vårdsituationen. Flera av de intervjuade beskrev dock allvarliga brister i kontakten med sjukvården. Upplevelser av brist på respekt och att inte bli trodd i sin sjukdomsupplevelse beskrevs, vilket vanligast i perioderna före och efter sjukhusvistelsen. Samordningen mellan hälso- och sjukvårdens olika funktioner upplevdes som bristfällig under hela sjukdomsförloppet. Konklusion: Inre styrka, goda relationer med närstående, nära kontakt med naturen, hobbyer och andra aktiviteter skapade upplevelser av hälsa och välbefinnande hos personer med huvud - halscancer. I dialog med kompetent vårdpersonal, där samverkan och jämlikhet var tydlig, upplevdes ömsesidiga, vänliga relationer som en hjälp för dem att få ökad egenmakt och kontroll i vardagslivet. Resultatet visar på patienternas långvariga kamp med ett vardagsliv med ständig känslomässig, psykosocial, existentiell, social och ekonomisk oro. Resultatet pekar också på en brist på patientcentrerad organisation och psykosocial rehabilitering, där vårdpersonal stödjer patienters inre styrka och hälsoresurser. Förhoppningen är att resultatet kan leda till en ökad förståelse hos vårdpersonal för hur vardagslivet kan upplevas då man har en huvud- hals cancer, för att på så vis ge adekvat hjälp tilldessa patienter och deras närstående.
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| 7. |
- Boman, Åse
(författare)
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Fathers involved in children with type 1 diabetes : finding the balance between disease control and health promotion
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background:Type I diabetes is a chronic disease that places great demands on the child and family. Parental involvement has been found to be essential for disease outcome. However, fathers’ involvement has been less studied, even though high paternal involvement has been correlated with less disease impact on the family and higher quality of life among adolescents.Aim: The overall aim of the study was to explore and analyze constructions of fathers’ involvement in their child’s everyday life with type 1 diabetes from an ecological and health promotion perspective. Four specific aims were applied: 1) explore and describe discourses in health care guidelines for children with type 1 diabetes in Nordic countries, focusing on parents' positioning (I), 2) analyze how Swedish pediatric diabetes teams perceived and discussed fathers’ involvement in the care of their child with type 1 diabetes, and to discuss how the teams’ attitudes toward the fathers’ involvement developed during a focus group process (II), 3) explore and discuss how fathers involved in caring for their child with type 1 diabetes experience support from their pediatric diabetes team in everyday life with their child (III), and 4) analyze how involved fathers to children with type 1 diabetes understand their involvement in their child’s daily life and to discuss their perceptions from a health promotion perspective (IV).Material and methods: A qualitative and inductive approach was applied. Data were collected and analyzed during 2010-2012. The sample consisted of three pediatric guidelines originating from Norway, Denmark and Sweden (I), three Swedish pediatric diabetes teams (PDTs) (II), and 11 (III) and 16 (IV) fathers of children with type 1 diabetes who scored high involvement on the Parental Responsibility Questionnaire. Data were collected through repeated focus group discussions with the PDTs (II), online focus group discussions (III) and individual interviews (III, IV) with the fathers. Three analysis methods were applied: analysis of discourses (I), Constructivist Grounded Theory (II, III) and content analysis (IV).Findings: The findings illuminated the complex interaction between the pediatric guidelines, the PDTs and the fathers. Fathers highly involved in their child’s daily life experienced different levels of tension between the general recommendations and their personal experiences of living with a child with type 1 diabetes (III). The fathers regarded their involvement in their child’s diabetes care as additional to their general parenting, and a fine balance was identified between a health promotion perspective and a controlling involvement. The common denominator between the highly involved fathers was their use of parental leave (IV). The PDTs initially perceived fathers’ involvement as gendered and balanced on the mother’s agement, but as focus was set on fathers’ engagement the PDTs increased their awareness of this and started to identify and encourage their engagement II). At the macro-level, parents’ voices were diminished in Nordic pediatric diabetes guidelines in favor of an expert discourse (I).Conclusions: Fathers’ involvement concerning a child with type 1diabetes is constructed in a complex way, based on an interaction between the fathers’ perceptions of their additional involvement and the support provided by the PDTs; the PDTs’ perceptions of the fathers’ involvement; and how parents/fathers are constructed in pediatric diabetes guidelines. In order to promote the health and well-being of children with type 1 diabetes, fathers’ involvement needs to be taken into account in the pediatric guidelines as well as in clinical practice.
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