| 1. |
- Carlhed, Carina, 1967-
(författare)
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Medicinens lyskraft och skuggor : ― om trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt i habiliteringen 1960―1980
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND Bakgrunden till denna avhandling är att erbjuda ett alternativt sätt att förstå habiliteringspraktik. Den teoretiska ramen i avhandlingen är Pierre Bourdieus fältteori, vilket innebär ett antagande att det sociala livet bygger på symboliska och kulturella trossystem med hithörande doxor, med egna slags symboliska ekonomier och dominansförhållanden. Analysen har inneburit att rekonstruera och analysera ett kampfält, det vill säga att studera agenter som företräder olika intressen och deras kamp för erkännande och tolkningsföreträde. Vad som framkommer i denna avhandling kan hjälpa till att belysa varför habiliteringen blev som den blev. SYFTE Avhandlingens syfte är att analysera trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt inom habiliteringsområdet - det vill säga det symboliska kraftfält som skapades av specifika gruppers formering, intressen och ställningstaganden kring barn och ungdomar med handikapp i Sverige under perioden 1960-1980. METOD Avhandlingen har en historiesociologisk ansats. I analysen har intressepositioner rekonstruerats utifrån tidskrifter som är knutna till fackförbund, intresseorganisationer samt till det socialmedicinska forskningsfältet. Bakom dessa tidskrifter finns således mobiliserade grupper som agerar kollektivt genom sina föreningar och förbund. Tidskrifterna är knutna till yrkesgrupper: läkare, sjukgymnaster, arbetsterapeuter, förskollärare, socionomer och psykologer samt till Förbundet för utvecklingsstörda barn, ungdomar och vuxna - FUB, Riksförbundet för Rörelsehindrade barn och ungdomar - RBU och Handikapporganisationernas centralkommitté - HCK (idag HSO). Även arkivmaterial avseende löner för de olika yrkesgrupperna har använts. Analysen har huvudsakligen rört gruppernas positioneringar i förhållande till den dominanta doxan men också den sociala basen för gruppernas positioner. RESULTAT Avhandlingens konklusion visar betydelsen av: a) historiska strukturer avseende medicinens särställning i samhället och utvecklingen av hälso- och sjukvården i stort samt omhändertagandet av barn med funktionshinder. b) offentliga utredningar som konsekrationsinstanser och sociala mobiliseringsprocesser var viktiga delar i uppbyggandet av symboliska ekonomier. c) myter och ideologier i utövandet av symbolisk makt. d) allianser mellan stat och medicinen samt mellan yrkesgrupper och klienter. Avhandlingen visar också styrkan i doxorna och vilka konsekvenser det kunde innebära att lämna ett socialt fält man var skolad inom. Samklangen mellan doxa och fält fanns inte riktigt i det nya sammanhanget, vilket innebär ett slags strukturella glapp. Konsekvenserna kunde vara att man hamnade i en parialiknande situation utan skydd från det fält man lämnade, likt en "avfälling" och dessutom att det mottagande fältet inte riktigt erkände dem. SLUTSATS Inom medicinens fält konstituerades under den här tidsperioden en "habiliteringssfär" där medicinens doxa var dominant. Genom sociala mobiliseringsprocesser och klassificeringsstrider bidrog dessa till skapandet av olika grupperingar, symboler och ömsesidiga erkännanden av vissa symboliska värden rörande hur man skulle se på omhändertagandet av barn med handikapp.BAKGRUND Bakgrunden till denna avhandling är att erbjuda ett alternativt sätt att förstå habiliteringspraktik. Den teoretiska ramen i avhandlingen är Pierre Bourdieus fältteori, vilket innebär ett antagande att det sociala livet bygger på symboliska och kulturella trossystem med hithörande doxor, med egna slags symboliska ekonomier och dominansförhållanden. Analysen har inneburit att rekonstruera och analysera ett kampfält, det vill säga att studera agenter som företräder olika intressen och deras kamp för erkännande och tolkningsföreträde. Vad som framkommer i denna avhandling kan hjälpa till att belysa varför habiliteringen blev som den blev. SYFTE Avhandlingens syfte är att analysera trosföreställningar och symbolisk makt inom habiliteringsområdet - det vill säga det symboliska kraftfält som skapades av specifika gruppers formering, intressen och ställningstaganden kring barn och ungdomar med handikapp i Sverige under perioden 1960-1980. METOD Avhandlingen har en historiesociologisk ansats. I analysen har intressepositioner rekonstruerats utifrån tidskrifter som är knutna till fackförbund, intresseorganisationer samt till det socialmedicinska forskningsfältet. Bakom dessa tidskrifter finns således mobiliserade grupper som agerar kollektivt genom sina föreningar och förbund. Tidskrifterna är knutna till yrkesgrupper: läkare, sjukgymnaster, arbetsterapeuter, förskollärare, socionomer och psykologer samt till Förbundet för utvecklingsstörda barn, ungdomar och vuxna - FUB, Riksförbundet för Rörelsehindrade barn och ungdomar - RBU och Handikapporganisationernas centralkommitté - HCK (idag HSO). Även arkivmaterial avseende löner för de olika yrkesgrupperna har använts. Analysen har huvudsakligen rört gruppernas positioneringar i förhållande till den dominanta doxan men också den sociala basen för gruppernas positioner. RESULTAT Avhandlingens konklusion visar betydelsen av: a) historiska strukturer avseende medicinens särställning i samhället och utvecklingen av hälso- och sjukvården i stort samt omhändertagandet av barn med funktionshinder. b) offentliga utredningar som konsekrationsinstanser och sociala mobiliseringsprocesser var viktiga delar i uppbyggandet av symboliska ekonomier. c) myter och ideologier i utövandet av symbolisk makt. d) allianser mellan stat och medicinen samt mellan yrkesgrupper och klienter. Avhandlingen visar också styrkan i doxorna och vilka konsekvenser det kunde innebära att lämna ett socialt fält man var skolad inom. Samklangen mellan doxa och fält fanns inte riktigt i det nya sammanhanget, vilket innebär ett slags strukturella glapp. Konsekvenserna kunde vara att man hamnade i en parialiknande situation utan skydd från det fält man lämnade, likt en "avfälling" och dessutom att det mottagande fältet inte riktigt erkände dem. SLUTSATS Inom medicinens fält konstituerades under den här tidsperioden en "habiliteringssfär" där medicinens doxa var dominant. Genom sociala mobiliseringsprocesser och klassificeringsstrider bidrog dessa till skapandet av olika grupperingar, symboler och ömsesidiga erkännanden av vissa symboliska värden rörande hur man skulle se på omhändertagandet av barn med handikapp.
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| 2. |
- Dahlgren, Inger, 1942-
(författare)
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Analys av en utvärderingsmodell för förebyggande arbete inom socialpedagogiskt hälsoarbete
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to find, test and develop a method/model for evaluating socio-educational work in mental health. The intention is not to do a complete evaluation but rather to illustrate how a model can be applied.The starting point is a model of self-assessment that shares many similarities with both programme-evaluation and evaluation with the use of stakeholders. The arguments used for evaluation in this study are based mainly on the aims to ‘promote and improve’ and ‘develop and critically analyse’. The arguments used to support a user-orientation are the service-adaptation argument and the bottom-up perspective.A self-assessment model i.e. an institutional and professional model was utilized for this evaluation because the service studied was a collaborative, preventive effort between Social Services and Primary Care focused on families with children. The model for self-assessment is combined with ‘SWOT-thinking’ which will assist planning, implementation and evaluation of a complex service.This model takes both the target group/target groups, the staff and the organisation into consideration. The frame factors, the process and the achievements are analysed for each of the included components. This model facilitates studying the relationships between the various parts of the model and further allows for a bottom-up and top-down perspective and for shifting between the various perspectives.This study is important because it demonstrates that several aspects of complex services can be studied with the aid of a self-assessment model. The model can be applied to planning, development, quality assurance and evaluation. By studying relationships within the model it is possible to proceed from any one segment in the model and follow how it influences every other segment. Thus it is possible to some extent predict later complications or highlight areas requiring further attention.
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| 3. |
- Ekstrand, Per
(författare)
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"Tarzan och Jane" : Hur män som sjuksköterskor formar sin identitet
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study focuses on locally situated interactions between men and women and among men. The main focus is on how men in nursing practice constitute their identities. The aim of the disserta-tion is to understand the meaning of gender, particularly the constitution of masculinities, in the formation of identity for men in nursing.Theoretical points of departure were post-structuralist and masculinity theories. Within the theoretical framework, processes of gender should be seen as activities that are relational and integrated in ongoing organisational life, in this case, in the nursing context.My methodological approach was qualitative, based on ethnography. Techniques used for data collection were following observations and interviews. I followed seven men in their daily work in two hospital environments, one emergency department and a department in elder care (sheltered housing).The gender order was maintained by rewards to medical and technical knowledge and skills. The phenomenon of”gender dizziness” was manifested through interaction and became visible through the men’s practice. Different positions of masculinities co-operated and the physicality of the body was important in performing masculinities. Hegemonic positions of masculinities are maintained and other positions are subordinated. Homosociality creates influence and power in social relations, and it was obvious that the informants in these organisations found ways to keep together, in spite of their different positions in the organisation.Some of the informants cross over the border and perform ideals that are not traditional for men in nursing. In the nursing environment these men’s identities show a caring attitude. The stereotype, connected to heteronormative ways of thinking, plays an important role for men in constructing their identities in the nursing context. A central conclusion in this study is that sexuality order put strong pressure on identity formation and the construction of masculinities for men in nursing.
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| 4. |
- Fast, Carina, 1944-
(författare)
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Sju barn lär sig läsa och skriva : Familjeliv och populärkultur i möte med förskola och skola
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is an ethnographic study in which seven Swedish children from different social and cultural environments were followed over three years. The study began when the children were four years old.The main aim of this thesis is to investigate through what social and cul-tural practices seven children meet literacy events in their families. A second aim is to track informal and everyday literacy events which the children take part in or practice on their own. A further aim is to study the transition be-tween home, preschool, preschool class and primary school in order to de-termine to what extent and in what ways the children are allowed to use their previous experience with and knowledge of literacy.The results show that the children are socialised in practices rich in liter-acy events via their culture, traditions, language and religion. The children practise reading and writing in a number of contexts. This occurs long before the pupils have been exposed to formal education.In the work on this study, it has also become clear that the seven children, regardless of their cultural, language or socioeconomic background, share experiences and knowledge relating to popular culture and the media. The children have a common understanding of texts in the form of words, names, images and icons. The value of this knowledge and experience is often as-signed by the children themselves in their contact with other children.The seven children, in this study, come to preschool and primary school with a wealth of experience in literacies from their family lives. Some chil-dren are allowed to bring their experience to the classroom. For them, there is continuity between literacy practices at home and at school. Others are forced to leave their experience outside the classroom. What is common to all children is that their knowledge about literacy related to popular culture and the media has a low cultural value in instructional settings.
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| 5. |
- Folke-Fichtelius, Maria, 1952-
(författare)
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Förskolans formande : Statlig reglering 1944–2008
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Preschool is a central part of Swedish family life. The manner in which the state regulates preschool through laws, ordinances, and various kinds of written objectives has an impact on many people in the Swedish society. The thesis examines the development of preschool state regulation from the 1940s until 2008. The starting point of the study is a draft for a new Education Act, put forward in 2003, which proposed that preschool should be integrated into the school system as a new form of school. The purpose of the study is to generate knowledge about the state regulation of Swedish preschool, and how it has contributed to the shaping of preschool as a societal institution. Questions considered in the analysis are how regulation delimits preschool as a social category, what role this regulation assigns preschool in relation to other actors and societal institutions involved in early childhood education and care, and what principles this regulation is based on. The study has evolved within the research tradition of curriculum theory as developed in studies in educational politics. The analysis is carried out as a text analysis, where the concepts of boundary work, official classification and activity system serve as important analytical tools. Texts produced within the formal chain of decision and legislation: directives for committees, government white papers, ministerial task forces, bills, legislative texts etc., form the empirical foundation for the study. The analysis shows that economic as well as legal and ideological governing instruments are used in the shaping of the framework of preschool. These frameworks are indicated in the form of different boundary markers that delimit preschool as a specific category and arrange it in relation to other categories. The boundaries indicated by these boundary markers have been subject to extensive discussion during the formulation process. Through this boundary work, preschool has been constructed as a full time preschool, commissioned to provide both education and care. The boundaries of this commission are in some respects indistinct and contain several overlapping elements with regards to family, social services and school. At the same time, preschool holds a fixed core with more distinct boundaries, in the form of a part time public preschool delimited by time and age and regulated by far-reaching legislation regarding the rights of children to attend. Owing to this construction, preschool may balance several different and partly contradictory demands placed on it by other institutions and by different interest groups, while at the same time maintaining a core of identity of its own. In that sense, preschool may be described as a boundary object. Thus, when it is suggested that preschool should constitute a form of school and be placed in the more formal regulation structures of the school system, the balance of this construction is challenged.
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| 6. |
- Gustafson, Katarina, 1958-
(författare)
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Vi och dom i skola och stadsdel : Barns identitetsarbete och sociala geografier
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis is an ethnographic study of children’s identity work and social geographies in the schools and neighbourhoods of a Swedish suburb. The aim of the reported research is to study children’s agency and their narratives of different places. The findings show how identity work can be understood from the viewpoint of children as social agents taking part in reconstructing their own social geographies. It is the social aspect of the identity work that is the focus here and how it is a relational process constructed in interaction in different contexts. In the analyses, the children’s agency and narratives, such as interviews, maps and photographs, are seen as identity performances.The findings show how identity work is situated. Identity work takes place in places that invite participation in various activities but these places are also constructed by the children and their identity work. The construction of us and them is a continuous process whereby the children (re)construct both structural conditions and conditions of a more local character. The children construct both shared and segregated places in the school yard, while performing as “us-in-the-school class”, “best friends” or “football player”, as well as more traditional categories such as age, ethnicity, gender and social class. The results also show the close relation between school and neighbourhood, and how segregation between two neighbourhoods in the suburb increased because of school choice. Children from middle-class areas took part in reconstructing the multiethnic neighbourhood as a no-go area and one of the schools as a no-go school. In the narratives of their neighbourhood, the children used community discourses when making identity claims such as “rich Swedish kids from Tallvik”. Thus, segregation and identity work are intimately connected when children construct an us, in close relation with some and distanced to others at the same time.
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| 7. |
- Hartman, Thérèse, 1956-
(författare)
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Problem eller tillgång? En studie om social och etnisk mångfald i högskolan
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general problem I am addressing concerns the role of the university as an actor for increased equality and democracy. How does this role manifest itself in selecting and recruiting students to the university and how does it influence teaching? The aim of my empirical study is to describe and understand processes and contexts where ethnicity and class are important. The empirical material consists of interviews with students and teachers from the department of law at Uppsala University. To analyze the consequence of ethnical and social diversity I have chosen theories which are founded in a feminist, emancipating and democratic pedagogy with a focus on connected teaching. Connected teaching is the opposite of “banking education”. In banking education the teacher deposits knowledge in the students. To analyse if the student can contribute with different perspectives on perception of knowledge and modes of learning I have studied the acting space and degrees of freedom given the students. My investigation shows that the students thirst for being supplied with the right track to become jurists, and the teachers support this. Social and ethnical background is made invisible, at the same time as it can become an obstacle. Not every student has a voice in the seminar and most of them have not learnt to extend their space for action, but rather have a desire to be taught or just supplied with knowledge. To strengthen the connection between teaching and the intentions in higher education the students should be encouraged, and the barriers against raising one’s own critical voice must disappear. Furthermore, acting space for participation is needed to influence a democratic educational process. The governments’ means to counter uneven recruitment has mainly consisted in increasing the number of educational seats. With the current admission regulations (autumn 2008) higher education will continue to reflect class society on a structural level. Keywords: Higher education, ethnicity, class, democracy, selection, recruitment, redistribution
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| 8. |
- Heikkilä, Mia, 1975-
(författare)
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Kommunikativa resurser för lärande : Barns gester, blickar och tal i tre skolmiljöer
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this research has been to study how schools create possibilities for children to learn. Possibilities to communicate and to interact are seen as closely linked to a process of learn-ing in line with contemporary thinking of learning (Kress, 2003; Säljö, 2000; Selander, 2005). The theoretical starting point has been to consider use of modes in communication a means for participating in social activities in school activities (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001; Kress, 2003; Kress & Jewitt, 2003). Participation is a central notion in the study of multimodality, where focus is at children communication through the use of modes.The empirical material consists of ethnographic video recordings made in three Swedish ur-ban school settings from 2000 through 2003. The children were five, six and seven year olds during the study. Detailed transcripts and analysis of the use of the three modes speech, gesture and gaze were made of fifteen activities.The analyses focus on how the use of modes can be seen as means for taking different posi-tions of participation in activities. The fifteen sequences are presented in five different themes. The themes include; silence at school, the place of the body at school, how the physical object ‘rubber’ is a sign of competence of ‘right and wrong’, how negotiation appears in school settings as a way of doing gender, and finally, an analysis of how a changed social function of a content transforms positions of participation. The themes generally discuss how school ideologies are shown in communication.By showing how children use modes in different situations and for different social reasons to participate in school activities, the analyses also show how a social setting and physical objects contribute to what positions are chosen, and when. The variations of the use of modes in the different school settings can be seen as signs of a changed principal for categorization, and thereby, how is further more argued, how that connects to children’s learning.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Marie
(författare)
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Föräldraidentiteter i livsberättelser
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with relations between parents and child institutions such as childcare, school and child health centers in terms of an institutionalization of childhood and expressions of parental identities in life stories. The empirical study consists of thematic life story interviews with parents focusing on their experiences of meeting and relating to these child institutions. A perspective on life stories as socially situated action and identity performance is adopted that views the life stories as co-constructed in between the interviewee and the interviewer.The aim of the dissertation is to contribute to an understanding of relations between parents and child institutions in Sweden that takes as its point of departure the expressions of parental identities. Methodologically, the dissertation also aims to further develop a way of working with life stories that makes the interviewer visible as co-constructor of life stories and expressions of identity.The analyses is focused on expressions of parental identities through the storytelling and in the stories told. Parental identities took shape and form as performances and constructions of, for example, social subordination in relation to preschool staff and other parents, helpful intervention in school helping an inexperienced teacher, worries about children being different from other children and not fitting in at preschool and of gratefulness for help and support from childcare staff when being short of time and money. The identity expressions were then analyzed in relation to recurrent discourses in research on relations between parents and childinstitutions. The results show that dominant discourses of relations between parents and child institutions tend to construct parents as a homogenous group, thereby concealing how gender, social class, ethnicity and age, and the subsequent different constructions of children and childhood, structure and influence the relations between parents and child institutions and thereby also the institutionalization of childhood.
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| 10. |
- Langerth Zetterman, Monica, 1962-
(författare)
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Innehållsdesign : Principer, metoder och verktyg samt tillämpningar inom utbildningshistorisk forskning och undervisning
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores content design – an area which encompasses the practices and the conceptions of the description, organisation and manipulation of digital content. The overall aim was to identify and examine principles, methods and tools appropriate for content design within the humanities and the social sciences. Another purpose was to investigate the limitations and opportunities of the identified methods and tools by means of modelling and applications of prosopographical materials, designed for research and teaching in history of education. The prosopographical collection consists of three different kinds of sources: transcriptions from biographical reference books, written biographical accounts and digitalised archival sources, such as enrolment registers. These resources were encoded according to the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) guidelines with the purpose to denote specific structures and semantic features of the content. The thesis demonstrates how the prosopographical collection, stored in a master file in TEI/XML format, was encoded and organised and then further transformed, migrated and manipulated by other tools and to other platforms. This resulted in several examples of applications demonstrating a broad range of uses for research and teaching in history of education and alike. One conclusion is that the TEI guidelines serve well as a valuable tool for the markup of rather complex historical materials designed for multiple purposes: for qualitative analyses, and as input to multivariate statistical analyses, and for migration into relational databases. Another conclusion is that such digital collections, provided with markup, could be treated as research tools themselves, because they lend themselves much more than simply access, retrieval or reading. In this prosopographical collection, the markup contributes to make explicit the underlying theories and thus provides scholars, teachers and students with tools to reuse and rearrange the content for other kinds of uses in other areas.
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