| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Farelius, Birgitta, 1937-
(författare)
-
Origins of Kingship Traditions and Symbolism in the Great Lakes Region of Africa
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Considering myth as the bearer of important symbolism with potentials to reveal history, this dissertation undertakes a historical interpretation of kingship traditions and/or myths in the Great Lakes region. While the historical sources describe the cultures of the peoples of the interlacustrine region, this study goes a step further to develop analytic categories using symbolism to interpret and explain the socio-political developments, which previously have been mystified and hence crystallised in theories as the well-known Hamitic theory. The analysis combining a historical linguistic approach with the ecology of religion has facilitated an interpretation of the symbolism surrounding kingship and thereby elucidating the development of cultural history pertaining to the interlacustrine peoples.Mindful of local variations, regionally applicable symbolism gained from lan-guage and the meaning of words and names have been interpreted and appropriated within the perceptual framework of the peoples concerned. The perspective from within presupposes a continuous interaction between the material and the immaterial world. In this new multi-faceted dimension of history the kingship symbolism of the white cow illustrates how the visible and the invisible world interact.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Karlsson, Klemens
(författare)
-
Face to face with the absent Buddha : The formation of Buddhist Aniconic art
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Early art in Buddhist cultic sites was characterized by the absence of anthropomorphicimages of the Buddha. The Buddha was instead represented by different signs, like awheel, a tree, a seat and footprints. This study emphasizes the transformation this artunderwent from simple signs to carefully made aniconic compositions representing theBuddha in a narrative context. Buddhist aniconic art has been explained by a prohibition against images of theBuddha or by a doctrine that made it inappropriate to depict the body of the Buddha.This study rejects such explanations. Likewise, the practice of different meditationalexercises cannot explain this transformation. Instead, it is important to understand thatearly art at Buddhist cultic sites consisted of simple signs belonging to a shared sacredIndian culture. This art reflected a notion of auspiciousness, fertility and abundance.The formation of Buddhist aniconic art was indicated by the connection of these auspi- cious signs with a narrative tradition about the life and teachings of the Buddha. The study emphasizes the importance Sakyamuni Buddha played in the formation ofBuddhist art. The Buddha was interpreted as an expression of auspiciousness, but hewas also connected with a soteriological perspective. Attention is also focused on thefact that the development of Buddhist art and literature was a gradual and mutualprocess. Furthermore, Buddhist aniconic art presaged the making of anthropomorphicimages of the Buddha. It was not an innovation of motive for the Buddhists when theystarted to make anthropomorphic images of the Buddha. He was already there.
|
|
| 8. |
- Meyer-Dietrich, Erika, 1949-
(författare)
-
Nechet und Nil : Ein ägyptischer Frauensarg des Mittleren Reiches aus religionsökologischer Sicht
- 2001
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is an attempt to develop a model within the field of ecology of religion. Particular emphasis is laid on the need for a comprehensive theoretical point of departure with regard to dynamics, viz. contextuality, situationality and the interactive mecanisms in adaptive processes. The model is developed on a basis of P. Pruyser's object-relation theory, C. Bell's ritual theory, and V. DeMarinis connecting these theories with the individual in focus. In the present study the model named 'dynamic ecology of religion' especially emphasises the role the environment plays in ritual processes. The religio-symbolic environment is taken as the result of an adaptational practice, which is dependent on the situation. A consequence of the approach is the analysis of texts as ritual actions.In a case study this model is applied on an Egyptian woman's coffin from the Middle Kingdom which was found in the necropolis of Meir. The ecological factor that is looked for is the yearly inundation by the river Nile. It is shown that the inundation grants a person in its state of death the transition from one ontological level to another as well as the provision with offerings. The situationality is demonstrated in a comparative investigation. Parallelled are two different situations asking for nuances in the treatment of the ecological factor as a result of an adaptive ritual process. The result of the case study is tested through further source material from the egyptian coffin texts.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Schalk, Peter, 1944-
(författare)
-
Die Lehre der Befreiungstiger Tamililams von der Selbstvernichtung durch göttliche Askese : Vorlage der Quelle ÜBERLEGUNGEN DES ANFÛHRERS
- 2007
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reflections of the Leader is an important source for the research of Tamil patriotism in connection with the attempt among militant Īlattamils, i.e. Tamil speakers of the armed resistance on the island Īlam (=Sri Lanka), to achieve violently a state formation as protection and last refuge from the Lankan Government’s attacks. This Government holds on, also violently, at a centralised unitary state which cannot be reconciled with the aspirations of the Īlattamils, for first co-determination in the affairs of the state and then self-determination. As all negotiations from the 1970’s onwards have stranded, both sides have decided to let short-lived cease fires be replaced by longlived martial confrontations up to the level of total war. Both sides are concerned to push through ultimate values. The patriotism among Īlattamils under the leadership of Vēluppiḷḷai Pirapākaraṉ (1954-), leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealam, comprises a complex concept of voluntary dying as central ideological theme. This theme is formulated by him among other sources in the book Reflections of the Leader that was issued by his organisation in 1995 and 2005. The way to the aim which is an independent nation state known as Tamilīlam passes allegedly under prevailing conditions, if the worst comes, through the voluntary death of so called Great Heroes, especially of members of the elite group of Great Heroes known as Black Tigers. They are expected to eliminate the obstacles that prevent the coming of Tamilīlam. Their making use of their lives as weapons is in this source (36:5) described as self-annihilation which again is described as godly asceticism. From that is constructed Self-annihilation as godly Asceticism as title of this submission of the source that contains the original Tamil version of Reflections of the Leader and translations in German, English, Swedish and Sinhala.***For an evaluation of the source, for explanations of key terms, and for a background in the history of ideas of this source the reader is referred to Einführung in das Buch Überlegungen des Leiters in this volume.Peter Schalk
|
|
