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| 2. |
- Hedin, Tora, 1965-
(författare)
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Changing Identities : Language Variation on Czech Television
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines different aspects of language variation in contemporary Czech television discourse. The modern Czech language is characterised by a specific linguistic situation in which speakers must choose between two varieties – Standard Czech (SC) and Common Czech (CC). This choice depends on a number of linguistic, cultural, social and other factors. Television discourse, which is a mixture of prepared and unprepared speech, provides a good opportunity to study the distribution of these varieties and their function. The aim of the dissertation is to research these issues in talk shows and discussion programmes. The following aspects are analysed in the dissertation:– The frequency of occurrence of a number of phonological and morphological elements of the two varieties. This analysis is conducted in a quantitative study of a corpus of 24,000 words (fifteen television shows). The elements are categorised and analysed statistically. The frequency of these elements is shown on two levels: in the total corpus material and in groups of programmes. The results are compared with previous studies of spoken Czech.– A comparative study of the Communist and post-Communist television discourse, in which television programmes from before and after 1989 are analysed and compared. The study reveals a number of linguistic differences between the two programmes and their relation to such factors as operational roles, the function of media and the frequency of dialogue markers.– A qualitative analysis of the fifteen programmes which comprise the corpus. The aim of this study is to show the function of the two Czech varieties in different types of television discourse. The variables affecting the participants’ choice of variety are analysed.The investigation shows that dialogue form, genre and operational roles are directly related to the choice of SC and CC in the programmes. These results are also connected with language norms and other social factors.
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| 3. |
- Ingbrant, Renata, 1966-
(författare)
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From Her Point of View : Woman's Anti-World in the Poetry of Anna Świrszczyńska
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is a monograph about Anna Świrszczyńska’s poetry. It may be described as one woman’s attempt to read another woman’s literary work by taking into account established canons as well as the tools of feminist literary analysis. Part One begins with a discussion of Świrszczyńska’s biography (Chapter One). It then moves on to an overview of critical (mainly male) reactions to Świrszczyńska’s work (Chapter Two), with special regard to Czesław Miłosz’s contribution to its interpretation and popularization (Chapter Three). In Part Two there are three principal discussions: 1) of Anna Świrszczyńska’s early work Wiersze i proza [Poems and Prose] (1936), in which the poet develops her specific female view of European art and culture as disintegrated into incongruent fragments. Her premonition of the apocalypse, which is soon to be fulfilled in the events of World War II, finds its expression in the poet’s desperate attempts to unite the fragments of a shattered culture into individualized versions of myths (Chapter Four); 2) of the collection Budowałam barykadę [Building the Barricade] (1974), in which what is most crucial to the poet (biographically and poetically) is expressed – the encounter with human suffering in an inhuman world. Following this, her poetic view of the mortal body exposed to suffering under an empty sky becomes a well established motif in her work (Chapter Five); 3) of the collection Jestem baba (1972), in which Świrszczyńska introduces into poetry, by making the non-poetical “baba” her lyric heroine, the “outlawed feminine” and, as a result, revolutionizes the language of poetry and poetic representation, which leads in turn to liberating herself from the hegemony of the totalizing male gaze. In this way her anti-world is created (Chapter Six). The “world” is understood here as a male term – one might say that Świrszczyńska creates a “woman’s anti-world” as a place where the woman herself has to regain the right to name things according to her own terms.
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| 4. |
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Jako blagopesnivaja ptica : Hyllningsskrift till Lars Steensland
- 2006
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The volume includes the following contributions: Johan Muskala: Lars Steenslands publicerade skrifter Per Ambrosiani: Названия стран света в славянских языках: север и юг [Nazvanija stran sveta v slavjanskich jazykach: sever i jug] Jan Ivar Bjørnflaten: Na halavá vjancý nadéli: Grammaticalization and Russian Historical Morphology Per-Arne Bodin: Översättning av den ortodoxa kyrkans realia från ryska till svenska Ludmila Ferm: Глагольное управление в русском языке XVIII века: узус и норма [Glagol´noe upravlenie v russkom jazyke XVIII veka: uzus i norma] Larisa Korobenko: Från Pskov till Uppsala – så här! Magnus Ljunggren: Belyj’s Peterburg and Switzerland Irina Lysén: К вопросу о методах анализа переводческой техники первых славянских переводчиков библейских текстов [K voprosu o metodach analiza perevodceskoj techniki pervych slavjanskich perevodcikov biblejskich tekstov] Elisabeth Löfstrand: Fiskar och fåglar i Ockupationsarkivet Lennart Lönngren: Синтактическая зависимость союзов и союзных слов в русском языке [Sintakticeskaja zavisimost´ sojuzov i sojuznych slov v russkom jazyke] Barbara Lönnqvist: ”E’ du helt dårka?” Ryska lämningar i helsingforsiskt ungdomsspråk Ingrid Maier: „Ontsegh-brief van den Turckschen Keyser …“. Ein fiktiver Brief des türkischen Sultans an den König von Polen in russischer Übersetzung (1621) Barbro Nilsson: Parameterord: ordförbindelser med deverbativer Juhani Nuorluoto: Medieval Slavic Texts as a Source of Evidence in Observing the Diachrony of Sound Change Jens Nørgård-Sørensen: Notes on the Typology of Analogy Thomas Rosén: O «графичесих заимствованиях» в современном русском языке [O «graficeskich zaimstvovanijach» v sovremennom russkom jazyke] Lea Siilin: Эмоциональный мир русской агиографии: чему радуется русский святой? [Emocional´nyj mir russkoj agiografii: cemu raduetsja russkij svjatoj?] Ewa Teodorowicz-Hellman: Några reflektioner kring kvinnors efternamn i det moderna polska språket Barbara Törnquist-Plewa: Diabeł tkwi w szczegółach: uwagi na temat szwedzkiego tłumaczenia powieści Czesława Miłosza „Dolina Issy” Willem Vermeer: Jagić’s Chronology of the Progressive Palatalization
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| 5. |
- Philipson, Joakim, 1958-
(författare)
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The Purpose of Evolution : the 'struggle for existence' in the Russian-Jewish press 1860-1900
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In late 19th century Russia, Darwinism was viewed as a measuring-rod of modernity. Thus, the Jewish reception of Darwinism may serve as an indicator of the extent to which the Jews in Russia were part of the modernization of Russian society. But the Darwinian concept of evolution of species through natural selection is considered incompatible with a teleological worldview, including a God-given plan for creation. This thesis addresses a twofold problem. One concerns the difficulties of reconciling Darwinism with Judaism and its traditional view of a God-given purpose in creation. The other problem is to explain the possible motives of the Jewish intellectuals for using Darwinian concepts such as the ‘struggle for existence’ in journal articles in the emerging Russian-Jewish press. The study employs discourse analysis, and the concept of isomorphism from institutional theory, for the examination of key concepts, citations, implied readers and purposes in a selection of journal articles from the Russian-Jewish press of the period 1860-1900. Contrasting with the lively general Russian debate on Darwinism, the results show that the Jews in Russia were rather reluctant to discuss Darwinism in the Russian-Jewish press. Censorship, other constraints and imminent problems facing the Jews, such as defence against growing anti-Semitism, are indicated as possible causes of the minimal evidence of a Jewish reception of Darwinism that was found. It was only to the extent that Darwinian concepts such as the ‘struggle for existence’ could be employed to address these more pressing issues that they were they found useful in a Jewish context. The results further imply that the integration between Russian and Jewish intellectuals during this period was weak, as reflected by the insignificant number of references to Russian sources in the selection of Jewish journal articles that were examined.
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| 6. |
- Pöppel, Ludmila, 1953-
(författare)
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The Rhetoric of Pravda Editorials : A Diachronic Study of a Political Genre
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study considers the diachronic changes that took place in Soviet political discourse as reflected in six selections of Pravda editorials from the 1920s through the 1950s, as well as slogans and headlines in that newspaper from 1917 through 1933. The principal goal of analyses conducted on various levels is to identify and investigate a number of tendencies demonstrating the gradual transformation of the language of revolution into totalitarian language. A quantitative analysis of the vocabulary of slogans and headlines in Chapter 2 focuses on chronological changes in words and addresses the contexts in which they were used. The same material is used in a review of the polarization of vocabulary in positive and negative contexts. Chapters 3-6 are devoted to a qualitative analysis of editorial texts on three levels: lexical rhetorical means (Chapter 3), semantically charged elements of argumentation (Chapter 4), and the overall composition of the text (Chapter 5). Chapter 6 concludes the study with an illustration of the devices considered in Chapters 3-5 based on two editorials, one each from the revolutionary and totalitarian periods. The analysis identifies a number of stable elements present throughout the period under study, such as the self – other opposition and references to the classics of Marxism-Leninism. At the same time, noted on all levels are changes illustrating the process by which the language of revolution was gradually transformed into totalitarian language. These include the disappearance from rhetoric of emotionality, imagery, and elements of logic, as well as stylistic leveling and an increase in the frequent repetition of the same conclusions and clichés.
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| 7. |
- Rivelis, Eugene, 1946-
(författare)
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Kak vozmožen dvujazycnyj slovar’
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study applies major principles of cognitive linguistics to the task of developing a novel model of the bilingual dictionary called the dictionary for productive comprehension (DPC). Based on conceptual analysis and coherent network representation of entry words, multi-word expressions, and constructions, the DPC provides access to the conventional linguistic knowledge of native speakers.In seeing linguistic units as contentful symbolic forms, the DPC is designed with a view of language as a lexicogrammatical continuum. By constructing the bilingual dictionary at the intersections of the two languages’ concepts under clearly specified conditions of their neutralization, it is given theoretical status.However, the main purport of this study is in the realm of applied lexicography. Among its tasks are: operationalizing conceptual analysis by establishing heuristically viable discovery procedures; working out guidelines for converting conceptual networks into the microstructure of dictionary entries, and for organizing its macrostructure as a natural-language thesaurus of lexicalized and lexicogrammatical concepts; laying a foundation for selecting and locating MWEs, proverbial expressions and constructions in a principled way, and suggesting approaches to organizing the constructicon, the part of the dictionary that contains schematic constructions.The DPC model offers effective remedies for the two major faults of the conventional bilingual dictionary, i.e. unrecognizability of the SL entry as a coherent whole by the TL user, and, consequently, inability to suggest precise cognitive orientations for the user's own production of an equivalent TL text. It proves that the bilingual dictionary can be something other than an inventory of disparate senses, a boundless set of translation equivalents, or an eclectic mixture of the two. By maintaining conceptual integrity of linguistic units, DPC affords the user a means of grasping the essence of a foreign word, MWE, or construction as if they were units of one’s native speech, as well as a generative potential with regard to translating into the TL. At the same time, by making conventional linguistic knowledge of the native speaker explicit, DPC serves the purpose of a learner’s dictionary.
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| 8. |
- Schmidt, Morena Azbel, 1955-
(författare)
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How do you do it anyway?
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates the translation process of three translator students and their production of translated non-fiction texts. The students are followed from an initial examination task over a period of time of 5 years. The translated texts produced during this period are analysed with selected methods of text analysis, which is compared to their source texts. The text analysis focuses on certain grammatical features that are known to generate problems for translators with the language pair Russian – Swedish. The results of the analysis show that the systematic differences in the languages involved are not as problematic as expected for the participants. Writing skills in the TL, translation principles and initial beliefs as well as the individual’s approach concerning the task of a translator turn out to have the most significant influences on the participants’ performance. In a complementary analysis, introspection data obtained from concurrent verbalisations are analysed according to a model that allows indicating and classifying marked processing in the translations. The role of contrastive language knowledge is especially emphasised in this part of the study. The results are put in relation to each other to obtain a picture of the individual development of the participating translator students. The three case studies show that each participant developed his/her competence during the time of the study. They also show that this development stays within a conceptual frame set by the participants before they started their training as translators. The implications for translator training that can be drawn from this study are mainly concerned with the importance of writing skills in the TL, contrastive language knowledge and the importance of questioning individual beliefs and principles concerning the task of the translator as well as approaches to translating.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Søvik, Margrethe
(författare)
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Support, resistance and pragmatism : An examination of motivation in language policy in Kharkiv, Ukraine
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Ukrainian society has gone through vast changes since independence in 1991 and in this thesis some of these social changes are discussed through the prism of language policy. The main topic of the study is language policy (conceptualised as language practices, language beliefs, and language management) in the eastern Ukrainian city Kharkiv. This topic is examined within a framework focusing on motivation, allowing for a study of how people in Kharkiv describe, explain and rationalise language policy in the context of change in society. Ukrainian is the only state language in Ukraine, but Russian is widely used in Ukrainian society, and in Kharkiv Russian is the predominantly used language. One specific topic of the study is how young Ukrainians perceive the role granted the Ukrainian language in on-going processes of nation-building, related to the formation of a national identity. This is contrasted with discussions on individual linguistic rights and what is considered reasonable to demand from the Ukrainian population in terms of language practices. Further, the study examines the concept of language conflict, notably what kinds of conflict can be identified in and extracted from discussions on the role of language in society. This examination shows that it is not necessarily a case of potential conflict between groups or individuals, but also that individuals may struggle with internal conflict. This study demonstrates how language conflict is not about language, but rather about social positions, interests and value systems. This also illustrates the fact that the three components of language policy are not necessarily interrelated and consistent. Especially language practices and language beliefs are often at odds. Fieldwork was carried out in Kharkiv 2003-2005 and the study relies on a combination of methods (in-depth individual interviews, group interviews and a large-scale questionnaire).
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