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- Francia, Guadalupe, 1961-
(författare)
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Policy som text och som praktik : en analys av likvärdighetsbegreppet i 1990-talets utbildningsreform för det obligatoriska skolväsendet
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between policy as text and policy as practice, with a focus on Swedish educational reform in the 1990s in regard to comprehensive schooling.School reform in the 1990s has resulted in major changes in Swedish compulsory education. The reform has encompassed a new form of steering system, a new financing system, a new curriculum, new syllabi, a new national employment policy for teachers, a new grading system, and increased privatization of schools.All of these changes are analyzed in the study with reference to equivalence in the discourses on the national, municipal and school levels. The analysis of the concept of equivalence is linked to the following specific meanings of the concept: equality of opportunity; equality in regard to resources; equality in regard to achievement; and free choice.The empirical data for this thesis has the following components:An inter-textual text analysis of the central national steering documents;Four case studies that deal with the implementation of the reform at the municipal and school levels. These case studies include a text analysis of the municipalities' and the schools' plans, individual and group interviews with school staff at the municipal and school levels, as well as classroom observations conducted in six schools;A questionnaire which deals with the right to choose a school in another municipality, distributed to all of the municipalities in two counties; andAn analysis of the first twenty-two independent Islamic schools established in Sweden during the period 1993 and 1998.The results of the aforementioned studies are the following:Educational policy documents function in practice as inter-textual interventions;In practice free interpretation and opposition occur;Reform is a complex interaction between texts and the practitioners (municipal employees, school personnel);Reform is not an occurrence, but rather a process;Reform is a compromise;Reform has an inter-textual character;The concept of equivalence has diverse meanings:The occurrence of diverse and conflicting discourses, in regard to equivalence and within the framework for the same reform, gives rise to conflicts in practice;Goal steering has the potential to promote equivalence in regard to achievement equality as prescribed in the curriculum, which requires that all pupils are expected to achieve the obligatory goals;The shortcomings of the reform in regard to the evaluation phase limit the implementation of the requirements for equivalence as achievement equality in accordance with the curriculum; andNegative expectations in relation to certain groups of pupils limit the extent to which the requirements of achievement equality can be implemented in accordance with the curriculum
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- Bjerlöv, Monica, 1954-
(författare)
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Om lärande i verksamhetsanknutna samtal : En studie i prat och om lärande i möten på en arbetsplats
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes the spontaneous, unplanned learning of the participants in workbased discourses. We follow the activities of ten participants in five workbased discourses at a public authority.The study uses a qualitative method and its theoretical foundation is a constructivist and intentional perspective on learning. The formation and analysis of the data is based on the intentional interpretation. By interpreting and describing the content and meaning of each participant's lines, we discover a direction in the line and the activity of the participant as a whole. This is the basis of the intentional analysis. The participants' experiences of the recent organizational change is the common starting-point for their reflections as regards a work procedure that ought to be established in their own workgroup, the project-grants group.The thesis describes and analyzes the participants' efforts to create and organize a new work task. It also describes what happens in five successive workbased discourses about the work meeting and the group's communication. Further, all the participants are attributed an objective (a purpose) which is based upon their respective activities during the talk. The objectives are categorized in three main types: one institutional category, one relations directed category, and one category with a direction primarily towards one's own person.It is the variations (and the differences) between the objectives of the ten participants that constitute the breeding-ground for learning. The learning takes place within the construction of a mutual social moral for cooperation. This construction work includes five themes: technical solutions; legitimacy and identity; confidence, trust and respect; knowledge exchange and learning, and to have one's say. It is in the interplay between the three types of objectives, the personally directed, the relations directed and the institutionally directed, within the framework of the five themes, that a spontaneous, unplanned learning takes place. With regard to two themes, coordination and skills upgrading, there seems to be an overall agreement.
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- Borgström, Maria, 1951-
(författare)
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Att vara mitt emellan : hur spanskamerikanska ungdomar i Sverige kan uppfatta villkoren för sin sociokulturella identitetsutveckling
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to elucidate the conditions for the socio-cultural identity development of Latin American youths living in Sweden. It has been conducted with a view to the youths' own perspective, what they consider important about the significant contexts in which they have grown up and how they looked upon themselves during this process.I examine socio-cultural identity from three aspects: identity, language and culture. The term socio-cultural is a combination of a social and a cultural concept. The study is retroductive: my analysis and interpretation of how the youths look at their life situation build on data collected during their intermediate years in compulsory school (grades four to six) and upper secondary school. The research method is based on a life history approach. The data come from interviews and group discussions with the youths, questionnaire to teachers and the youths, drawings by the youths, informal discussions with parents and teachers, correspondence, and my own journal notes. Symbolic interaction and ethnology have provided the theoretical framework and central concepts of the study. These theoretical concepts, along with the youths' own concepts, serve both as guidelines and tools for the analysis and interpretation.The youths participate actively in the formulation of their socio-cultural identity. Identity develops through interaction with others, which is why social relationships are of central importance. A sense of security or insecurity develops as a result of these processes. Language is the mediating activity that is present throughout the whole process. Furthermore, the results show that school is not a place where the youths feel secure and that how they are received in school is of vital importance. The youths find security within their extended families, even if their parents are divorced.Growing up in Rinkeby gives the youths in the study a sense of security. In Rinkeby they do not stand out as being different. But the youths are also aware that to be accepted by the Swedish society they must conceal the fact that they come from Rinkeby.The young people identify either with their own group (Chileans) and their own language (Spanish), or with the "immigrant group" and its language (Rinkeby Swedish). Sometimes they identify with both, but never with "the Swedes". They switch linguistic codes (Spanish and Swedish) when talking among themselves: that and Rinkeby Swedish are identity markers. Most of the youths consider themselves to be "between two worlds": neither the family nor society understands their situation. They experience that however much they may wish to, they are not allowed to belong to the Swedish society. Some feel more integrated than others, and some have a sense of identity and know where they stand in relation to the groups around them. Others continue their search for identity.
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| 6. |
- Granberg, Otto, 1936-
(författare)
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Lärande i organisationer : professionella yrkesutövares strategier vid organisatorisk förändring
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a study on the professional practice in knowledge organization in the public services. The empirical study deals with the strategies and learning processes developed by the professionals when their units transfer from appropriation financing to performance financing (client-contractor model). The aim of this study is to examine which of the underlying competence and value systems that are conclusive for the strategies developed by the professionals at external demands for change. The aim is also to study the relations between individual and collective group learning. The study has a constructivistic perspective and where system thinking is one starting point.The research design is a qualitative study. Six knowledge-intensive organizations were studied. Two of them were followed in a longitudinal study: when there was a decision that they were to be profit centres, at the transition and after one year as a profit-centre. Data were collected mainly by interviews, totally 62 and a questionnaire. The results show that the transition to a new economical managerial system involve the following: A clear strategy for action is that the professionals are working more and harder. The professional way of working have an influence on: treatment methods, prevention work, the competition between professional groups, freedom at work has changed as consciousness of the necessity of development of competence. The influence on the management function is very evident.The underlying value base and the criteria for competence, crucial for the professional how to identify and solve their assignment, is founded on two interrelated value systems, the professional value system respective the contextual value system. The professional has acquired and internalized the first system through a university education specially designed for this profession and has developed the training through further education. It is relatively stable over the time and is working as a support for the organization as profession organization. The contextual value system is developing in the immediate culture by the knowledge organization in the public service. The value system is unique for the unit and its professionals. This facilitate the development of strategies supporting the managerial competence. The two value systems are able to cooperate for the founding of a value base facilitating for the unit to manage demands from the surrounding world at the same time as professional values are provided for. At that moment the professional organization is founded. The value base is not synonymous with organizational culture except from the meaning organizational culture for a specific unit of professionals. One consequence of this is that the principal will have difficulties in implementing the management's organizational culture.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Ingrid
(författare)
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Ålder och arbete : Föreställningar om ålderns betydelse för medelålders tjänstemän
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation addresses conceptions and experiences of the significance of being middle-aged in working life. Its main goal has been the identification and increased understanding of various aspects of the significance of age.The main study is based on interviews with 24 people, 12 men and 12 women, aged 45-54 years. Half of the interviewees were unemployed, and most of them had a university degree and managerial experience. The foci of the interviews were age barriers, recruitment, competence, leadership and attitudes toward work.The results of the interview study show that the interviewees hold positive self-images. Maturity, life experience and social competence are considered to be advantages, especially for middle-aged managers. The results also show that chronological age may be of significance as a hindrance above all in the recruitment process, in which employers prefer younger applicants. This preference has been explained as being due to rapid changes taking place in society, new technology and younger people's more current education. However, according to the conceptions of the interviewees, there may be other more latent reasons as well, such as a need for sorting and categorizing people, power and control, prejudices, stereotypes, ageism and age discrimination.Three complementary studies regarding specific age requirements in job advertisements were carried out - two involving the Swedish daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter and a third involving the Berliner Morgenpost. The results of these studies show that an age requirement was found in 12 per cent of the Swedish job advertisements in 1992, in 13 per cent in 1995 and in 17 per cent of the Berliner Morgenpost advertisements in 1997. 25-35 years was the most common age interval in the Swedish job advertisements, whereas in the Berliner Morgenpost the age intervals 25-40, 30-40 and 30-45 years were just as common as the 25-35 age interval
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