| 1. |
- Anderson, Arne M., 1925, et al.
(författare)
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Har Göteborgs industri någon framtid ?
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrin delas in i skyddad, arbetsintensiv, kapitalintensiv, kunskapsintensiv och FoU- intensiv sektor. Utvecklingen av sektorerna på nationell nivå sedan 1970-talets början behandlas. Sektorernas andelar av sysselsättningen i Göteborgsregionen jämförs med motsvarande andelar i Stockholm - och Malmöregionerna samt i riket. Utvecklingsförutsättningarna i Göteborgsregionen för de olika sektorerna och även enskilda branscher inom dessa analyseras.
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| 2. |
- Anderson, Arne M., 1925
(författare)
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Konkurrensintensiteten på marknader - vad påverkan den?
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I ringa utsträckning diskuteras graden av konkurrens. En förklaring kan vara, att konkurrensuppfattningen härrör från neoklassisk teori. En mera realistisk konkurrensuppfattning vinns genom att utgå från SCP-paradigmet. Med hjälp av detta paradigm kan urskiljas tre grupper av begrepp, vilka har inverkan på konkurrensintensiteten, nämligen de strukturella marknadsvillkoren, aktörernas mål och aktörernas agerande för att uppnå målen. Konkurrensintensiteten på en marknad påverkas också av externa faktorer, såsom konjunkturförändringar, teknisk utveckling och legala färändringar.Konkurrensintensiteten påverkas även av informationen på marknaden och individernas inställning till konkurrens.
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| 3. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947
(författare)
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Can Aid Generate Growth in Africa?
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper discusses the impact of foreign aid on economic growth in Africa. After brief discussion about growth determinants it goes on to review the available evidence about the impact of aid on African economic growth. Evidence from both cross-country regressions and country studies is considered, and issues relating to economic policy, governance, ownership, and sustainability are identified as particularly important. Given those insights, some general conclusions are drawn as to what type of aid should be given. However, the main focus is on a discussion about how to structure the aid relationship so that it encourages good governance, which is deemed essential for long-term growth. Donors should delegate more responsibility to the recipients, while at the same time creating an incentive structure for good performance. This would include among other things a shift towards ex post conditionality and aid allocation according to performance. Given the improvements in the economic policy environment in Africa, the prospects for effective aid look more promising than they have for a long time.
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| 4. |
- Bjurek, Hans, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Does Market Liberalization Increase Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in Zimbabwe
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we analyze if the structural adjustment program (ESAP), implemented during 1991-1995, contributed to an increase in total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector. To evaluate if productivity has grown we first estimate indexes of total factor productivity for 31 manufacturing sub-sectors for the period 1980-1995. Then we use panel data methods to test for the effects of trade reform and other variables related to ESAP. In general the growth rates vary greatly both over time and across sections. The overall impression is that there was no growth in total factor productivity on average during the whole period of ESAP. However, during the last two years, 1994-1995, most sub-sectors experienced increases in total factor productivity.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Do Hypothetical and Actual Willingness to Pay Differ in Choice Experiments? - Application to the Valuation of the Environment
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we test the validity of choice experiments with donations for environmental projects. In particular, we test whether or not willingness to pay for projects differs between a hypothetical and an actual choice experiment. Our results do not indicate that choice experiments suffer from overstatement in hypothetical willingness to pay; and this contrasts the results found in external tests of validity in Contingent Valuation. In addition, internal tests of validity indicate transitive and stable preferences in both experiments
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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Private vs. Business and Rail vs. Air Passengers: Willingness to pay for Transport Attributes
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a stated preference survey on passengers travelling by rail or air between the two largest cities in Sweden, we investigate passenger's willingness to pay for improvements of different attributes of the transport modes. We find that both private and business passengers put a substantial value on improvements of the environmental impact from both rail and air. In general, private passengers have much lower fare equivalents for the attribute, which is explained by the fact that business passengers do not pay for the trips themselves. Further, air passengers have higher fare equivalents than what rail passengers have for both rail and air attributes
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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The Demand for Intercity Public Transport: The Case of Business Passengers
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a stated preference survey on business passengers travelling with rail or air between the two largest cities in Sweden, we investigate business passengers' preferences for different modes of transport and their corresponding attributes. We explore the usefulness of a more flexible specification of the demand for transport by using a random parameter logit (RPL) model. In the paper we find that there is a gain in using an RPL model compared to a fixed effect model, in the sense that it provides richer information about the passengers' preferences. However, we also find that the valuation of attributes does not significantly differ between a standard logit and an RPL model. Compared to what previous studies have found, the values put on attributes are very high, this including the environmental impact of the modes. This is largely explained by the fact that business passengers do not bear the cost of the trip, but still have the possibility if deciding mode of transport.
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| 8. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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A Dynamic Model of Inflation for Kenya 1974 - 1996
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper develops an error correction model with the aim of analysing the behaviour of prices in Kenya during 1974 -1996. In estimating the model, we first test for cointegration in the money and foreign exchange markets, using the Johansen procedure. The cointegrating vectors are then included in an autoregressive distributed-lag model, and a general-to-specific procedure is applied to obtain a parsimonious, empirically constant, error correction model. We find that in the long run inflation emanates from movements in the exchange rate, foreign prices, and terms of trade. The error correction term for the monetary sector does not enter the model, but money supply and the interest rate influence inflation in the short run. Inflation inertia is found to be an important determinant of inflation up until 1993, when about 400f the current inflation is carried over to the next quarter. After 1993, inertia drops to about 10%. The dynamics of inflation are also influenced by food supply constraints, proxied by maize-price inflation. These findings indicate that the exchange rate is likely to be a more efficient nominal anchor than money supply, and that inflation could be made more stable by policies that secure the supply of maize during droughts.
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| 9. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
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Inertial Inflation, Indexation and Price Stickiness: Evidence from Brazil
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper evaluates the inertial inflation hypothesis for Brazil during the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. According to this hypothesis, (wage) indexation created a feedback mechanism such that one-time supply shocks were fully transmitted into permanent increases in inflation. First a simple theoretical model is used to show that the hypothesis is based on the assumption of perfect price flexibility. When price stickiness is introduced, indexation does not produce inertial inflation. Then, to investigate the impact of indexation on inflation, the degree of inertia (persistence) is compared between two periods, one with widespread indexation (1969-1985) and an earlier one without indexation (1945-1963). Unit root tests and the variance ratio test are used. The variance ratio test is also applied to inflation in the U.S. for the period (1969-1985) and France for (1983-1993), a period when there was no wage indexation. Finally, vector-autoregressive representations are estimated for the period 1972-1985. They differ from earlier work in that price tickiness is allowed for. The empirical results do not support the inertial inflation hypothesis; inertia does not seem to have been unusually high during the period of indexation, and impulse response analysis indicates that inflation shocks had only short-run effects on the level of inflation
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| 10. |
- Flood, Lennart, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Household Labor Supply and Welfare Participation in Sweden
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a sample of Swedish households, we estimate a household labor supply model assuming that preferences for consumption and leisure can be described by a direct translog utility function. The labor supply and welfare participation decisions are treated as a discrete choice problem, and we assume that these choices follow a simple conditional logit rule. In addition, we allow unobserved individual- specific effects to be correlated across alternatives. We assume that these unobserved effects are drawn from a discrete distribution, and the correlation across alternatives is modeled using factor-loading techniques. Classification error in hours is allowed for by using a multiplicative measurement error specification. The estimates from the structural model yield inelastic labor supply among husbands and positive wage elasticity for wives. Further, the cross elasticities are close to zero.
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