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- Aasheim,, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin status after bariatric surgery: a randomized study of gastric bypass and duodenal switch.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 90:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is widely performed to induce weight loss. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine changes in vitamin status after 2 bariatric surgical techniques. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 Scandinavian hospitals. The subjects were 60 superobese patients [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 50-60]. The surgical interventions were either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. All patients received multivitamins, iron, calcium, and vitamin D supplements. Gastric bypass patients also received a vitamin B-12 substitute. The patients were examined before surgery and 6 wk, 6 mo, and 1 y after surgery. RESULTS: Of 60 surgically treated patients, 59 completed the follow-up. After surgery, duodenal switch patients had lower mean vitamin A and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a steeper decline in thiamine concentrations than did the gastric bypass patients. Other vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin C, and vitamin E adjusted for serum lipids) did not change differently in the surgical groups, and concentrations were either stable or increased. Furthermore, duodenal switch patients had lower hemoglobin and total cholesterol concentrations and a lower BMI (mean reduction: 41% compared with 30%) than did gastric bypass patients 1 y after surgery. Additional dietary supplement use was more frequent among duodenal switch patients (55%) than among gastric bypass patients (26%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with gastric bypass, duodenal switch may be associated with a greater risk of vitamin A and D deficiencies in the first year after surgery and of thiamine deficiency in the initial months after surgery. Patients who undergo these 2 surgical interventions may require different monitoring and supplementation regimens in the first year after surgery. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00327912.
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- Ambring, Anneli, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean-inspired diet lowers the ratio of serum phospholipid n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, the number of leukocytes and platelets, and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy subjects.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 83:3, s. 575-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity have been shown in persons adhering to Mediterranean-inspired diets (MIDs). Although the underlying mechanisms of this association are poorly understood, the importance of increasing dietary amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series has been emphasized. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether a MID provided to healthy subjects would affect 1) the inflammatory process and endothelial indexes such as vasoregulation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 2) serum phospholipid fatty acid composition. DESIGN: A total of 22 subjects (10 women) received a MID or an ordinary Swedish diet (OSD) for 4 wk in a crossover fashion. Concentrations of lipids and fatty acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6, both before and after lipopolysaccharide stimulation; the number of leukocytes and platelets; and VEGF and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The plasma ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was substantially lower after the MID than after the OSD (x +/- SEM: 4.72 +/- 0.19 and 2.60 +/- 0.17, respectively; P < 0.0001). Neither C-reactive protein nor interleukin 6 concentrations changed significantly after the MID compared with the OSD. The total number of leukocytes and platelets was 10% (P < 0.05) and 15% (P < 0.001) lower, respectively, after the MID than after the OSD. Serum VEGF concentrations were lower after the MID than after the OSD (237 +/- 30 and 206 +/- 25 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS: A MID reduces the number of platelets and leukocytes and VEGF concentrations in healthy subjects. This may be linked to higher serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, which promote a favorable composition of phospholipids.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle reflects dietary fat compositionin humans
- 2002
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 76:6, s. 1222-1229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is still unknown whether the fatty acid composition of human skeletal muscle lipids is directly influenced by the fat composition of the diet.Objective: We investigated whether the fatty acid composition of the diet is reflected in the fatty acid profile of skeletal muscle phospholipids and triacylglycerols.Design: Thirty-two healthy adults (25 men and 7 women) included in a larger controlled, multicenter dietary study were randomly assigned to diets containing a high proportion of either saturated fatty acids (SFAs) [total fat, 36% of energy; SFAs, 18% of energy; monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), 10% of energy] or MUFAs (total fat, 35% of energy; SFAs, 9% of energy; MUFAs, 19% of energy) for 3 mo. Within each diet group, there was a second random assignment to supplementation with fish oil capsules [containing 3.6 g n−3 fatty acids/d; 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n−3)] or placebo. A muscle biopsy sample was taken from the vastus lateralis muscle after the diet period. Parallel analyses of diet and supplementation effects were performed.Results: The proportions of myristic (14:0), pentadecanoic (15:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), and palmitoleic (16:1n−7) acids in the skeletal muscle phospholipids were higher and the proportion of oleic acid (18:1n−9) was lower in the SFA group than in the MUFA group. The proportion of total n−3 fatty acids in the muscle phospholipids was ≈2.5 times higher, with a 5 times higher proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n−3), in subjects supplemented with n−3 fatty acids than in those given placebo. Similar differences were observed in the skeletal muscle triacylglycerols.Conclusion: The fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle lipids reflects the fatty acid composition of the diet in healthy men and women.
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- Axelsen, Mette, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of nocturnal fatty acid concentrations by bedtime carbohydrate supplement in type 2 diabetes: effects on insulin sensitivity, lipids, and glycemic control.
- 2000
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 71:5, s. 1108-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bedtime ingestion of slow-release carbohydrates leads to sustained nocturnal fatty acid suppression and improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of 2 different doses of bedtime carbohydrate supplement (BCS) on morning glycemic control and glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)) in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, the effects of the high-dose BCS on insulin sensitivity and postprandial glucose and triacylglycerol concentrations were assessed. DESIGN: Two BCS doses were studied separately in 7-wk randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies with either a parallel (low-dose BCS; n = 24 patients) or crossover (high-dose BCS; n = 14 patients) design. The effects of the low and high doses (0.30 and 0.55 g uncooked cornstarch/kg body wt, respectively) were compared with those of a starch-free placebo. RESULTS: Compared with the starch-free placebo, the high-dose BCS ( approximately 45 g) produced enhanced nocturnal glucose (P < 0.01) and insulin (P < 0.01) concentrations as well as a 32% suppression of fatty acid concentrations (P < 0.01). Moreover, glucose tolerance (P < 0.05) and C-peptide response (P < 0.05) improved after breakfast the next morning. The low-dose BCS ( approximately 25 g) improved fasting blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). However, there were no improvements in insulin sensitivity, postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations, or Hb A(1c) after 7 wk. CONCLUSION: Nocturnal fatty acid suppression by BCS improved fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients the next morning. In contrast, no improvements in insulin sensitivity, postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations, or long-term glycemic control assessed by Hb A(1c) were seen after BCS supplementation.
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- Azadbakht, Leila, et al.
(författare)
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Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolicsyndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 85:3, s. 735-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little evidence exists regarding the effects of soyconsumption on the metabolic syndrome in humans.Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of soy consumptionon components of the metabolic syndrome, plasma lipids, lipoproteins,insulin resistance, and glycemic control in postmenopausalwomen with the metabolic syndrome.Design: This randomized crossover clinical trial was undertaken in42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Participantswere randomly assigned to consume a control diet (DietaryApproaches to Stop Hypertension, DASH), a soy-protein diet, or asoy-nut diet, each for 8 wk. Red meat in the DASH period wasreplaced by soy-protein in the soy-protein period and by soy-nut inthe soy-nut period.Results: The soy-nut regimen decreased the homeostasis model ofassessment-insulin resistance score significantly compared with thesoy-protein (difference in percentage change:7.40.8; P0.01)or control (12.9 0.9; P 0.01) diets. Consumption of soy-nutalso reduced fasting plasma glucose more significantly than did thesoy-protein (5.30.5%; P0.01) or control (5.10.6%; P0.01) diet. The soy-nut regimen decreased LDL cholesterol morethan did the soy-protein period (5.0 0.6%; P 0.01) and thecontrol (9.5 0.6%; P 0.01) diet. Soy-nut consumptionsignificantly reduced serum C-peptide concentrations comparedwith control diet (8.0 2.1; P 0.01), but consumption ofsoy-protein did not.Conclusion: Short-term soy-nut consumption improved glycemiccontrol and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with the metabolicsyndrome.
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