| 1. |
- Abeysekera, John D.A., et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomics assessment of selected dust respirators : their use in the tropics
- 1987
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 18:4, s. 266-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suitability and effectiveness of four different types of British made respirators were studied with respect to comfort, convenience and fit on wearers in Sri Lanka (a developing country). Objective and subjective assessments were made to evaluate the degree of discomfort and interferences to the use of senses. The study revealed that factors such as breathing resistance, work-rate and activity period affected the physiological responses. The weight of the respirator and the skin temperature had no direct relationship with the cardiovascular stress. Positive-pressure respirators that gave lower face temperatures than negative-pressure masks gave this type of respirator an additional advantage in hot environments. Respirators that restricted jaw movement affected the speech intelligibility of the wearer. Orinasal masks restricted vision more than the other types. The problem of fit was found negligible though head and face dimensions significantly differed between the British and the Sri Lankans. Subjective assessment correlated well with objective tests.
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| 2. |
- Bao, Shihan, et al.
(författare)
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The promises and problems of ergonomics application in the Peoples Republic of China
- 1989
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 20:4, s. 287-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ergonomics or human factors, as an applied science concerning the design of interfaces between man, machine and the working environment, has shown its great capacities and potentials for improving working conditions and efficiency during its applications in most industrially developed countries (IC). As a means of improving the economy, industrialisation has been initiated in many industrially developing countries (DC). Knowledge and technology available in ICs have been transferred to DCs in order to increase the process of industrialisation. Ergonomics as a western discipline has also been transferred to many DCs during the technology transfer process. As an example of the transfer and development of ergonomics in industrially developing countries, this paper examines the development of ergonomics and its various areas of application in the People's Republic of China. After reviewing the current ergonomics situation and its applications in China from various points of view - i e, from organisation, research, education and industrial application - promises and problems associatd with the development of this new area of science are discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wangenheim, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic ergonomic work analysis
- 1987
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 18:1, s. 9-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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An EMG-study of work methods and equipment in crane coupling as a basis for job redesign
- 1988
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 19:3, s. 178-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that physical strain is perceived as the main work environment problem for crane couplers. During one year, 70% of the crane couplers at two Swedish steelworks (n = 124) indicated complaints of the locomotor system. An experimental field study comprising seven healthy female crane couplers was therefore carried out to determine if crane coupling implies too high a physical strain for healthy individuals, and to suggest ergonomics solutions to such problems if they occur. The significance of using different methods and equipment for reducing physical strain was evaluated by vocational EMG (four shoulder/neck and arm muscles), heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion.The data suggest that crane coupling may have harmful effects on the shoulder/neck. The investigated changes in work methods and equipment reduced the peak loads. If the crane coupler also has to operate the crane by radio control, this implies a rationalisation as well as a reduction in strain.
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| 6. |
- Winkel, Jörgen
(författare)
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On the manual handling of wide-body carts used by cabin attendants in civil aircraft
- 1983
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 14:3, s. 162-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was made of manual handling of wide-body carts used in civil aircraft. Under laboratory conditions, 11 females adjusted their pushing and pulling forces on fixed carts to the maximum amount they perceived as acceptable with repeated exertions. Subsequently their ability to push and pull the carts was tested with maximum exertions.The initial forces required to just get a fully loaded cart in motiom were measured for different inclinations of the floor on which the cart stood. In a DC-9 aircraft, floor inclination and flying speed were measured while climbing to cruising altitude and during descent prior to landing. The maximum acceptable force for repetitive exertions was, on average, 68 N. The maximum force was, on average, 270 N. No significant differences were found between the pushing and pulling forces.The findings in the experiments caused the Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health to reduce its recommended limit for repetitive push and pull in this task from 200 N to 100 N. As a result the handling of wide-body carts in the DC-9 should be delayed until at least 14-15 minutes after take-off to fulfil the new recommendation. On short flights, for which the DC-9 is used, ihis is not possible without reducing the level of service. A follow-up project on the development of an improved cart is under way, incorporating changes suggested in this paper and elsewhere.
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