| 1. |
- Angeler, David
(författare)
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Multiscale adaptive management of social-ecological systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioscience. - 0006-3568. ; 73, s. 800-807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive management is an approach for stewardship of social-ecological systems in circumstances with high uncertainty and high controllability. Although they are largely overlooked in adaptive management (and social-ecological system management), it is important to account for spatial and temporal scales to mediate within-and cross-scale effects of management actions, because cross-scale interactions increase uncertainty and can lead to undesirable consequences. The iterative nature of an adaptive approach can be expanded to multiple scales to accommodate different stakeholder priorities and multiple ecosystem attributes. In this Forum, we introduce multiscale adaptive management of social-ecological systems, which merges adaptive management with panarchy (a multiscale model of social-ecological systems) and demonstrate the importance of this approach with case studies from the Great Plains of North America and the Platte River Basin, in the United States. Adaptive management combined with a focus on the panarchy model of social-ecological systems can help to improve the management of social-ecological systems.
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| 2. |
- Asah, Stanley T, et al.
(författare)
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Value exclusion in social–scientific approaches for assessing and valuing ecosystem features: Implications for behavioral compliance
- 2023
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Ingår i: BioScience. - 0006-3568. ; 73:9, s. 663-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Value inclusion is critical for effective ecosystem science policy and largely emerged from critiques of the value-exclusionary attributes of ecological and economic approaches to value assessments and valuations. But whether and how value is excluded during social–scientific approaches to the assessments and valuations of ecosystem features has not received adequate attention. We identify and discuss instances of when and how value is excluded during social–scientific approaches to the assessments and valuations of ecosystem features to which people ascribe value. We illustrate the implications of value exclusion on social compliance with ecosystem management and policy recommendations, a vital overlooked aspect of policy effectiveness. We also extend the meaning of value exclusion beyond value omission to include misidentification and misattribution of salience to valued ecosystem features. We offer suggestions for enabling value inclusion where ways to minimize exclusion are inapparent.
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| 3. |
- Bried, Jason, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Global Volunteer Monitoring of Odonate Abundance
- 2020
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Ingår i: BioScience. - Cary, NC : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 70:10, s. 914-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insects are reportedly experiencing widespread declines, but we generally have sparse data on their abundance. Correcting this shortfall will take more effort than professional entomologists alone can manage. Volunteer nature enthusiasts can greatly help to monitor the abundance of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), iconic freshwater sentinels and one of the few nonpollinator insect groups appreciated by the public and amenable to citizen science. Although counting individual odonates is common in some locations, current data will not enable a global perspective on odonate abundance patterns and trends. Borrowing insight from butterfly monitoring efforts, we outline basic plans for a global volunteer network to count odonates, including organizational structure, advertising and recruiting, and data collection, submission, and synthesis. We hope our proposal serves as a catalyst for richer coordinated efforts to understand population trends of odonates and other insects in the Anthropocene. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Himes, Austin, et al.
(författare)
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Correction to: Why nature matters : A systematic review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values
- 2023
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 74:1, s. 25-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present results from a literature review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values of nature conducted for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as part of the Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuations of Nature. We identify the most frequently recurring meanings in the heterogeneous use of different value types and their association with worldviews and other key concepts. From frequent uses, we determine a core meaning for each value type, which is sufficiently inclusive to serve as an umbrella over different understandings in the literature and specific enough to help highlight its difference from the other types of values. Finally, we discuss convergences, overlapping areas, and fuzzy boundaries between different value types to facilitate dialogue, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the methods for valuation of nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem services, to inform policy and direct futureresearch.
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| 6. |
- Himes, Austin, et al.
(författare)
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Why nature matters : A systematic review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values
- 2024
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 74:1, s. 25-43
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present results from a literature review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values of nature conducted for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as part of the Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuations of Nature. We identify the most frequently recurring meanings in the heterogeneous use of different value types and their association with worldviews and other key concepts. From frequent uses, we determine a core meaning for each value type, which is sufficiently inclusive to serve as an umbrella over different understandings in the literature and specific enough to help highlight its difference from the other types of values. Finally, we discuss convergences, overlapping areas, and fuzzy boundaries between different value types to facilitate dialogue, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the methods for valuation of nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem services, to inform policy and direct future research.
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| 7. |
- Hoban, Sean, et al.
(författare)
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Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible
- 2021
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 71:9, s. 964-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting and monitoring genetic diversity-one of the three main pillars of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species' adaptation and survival, ecosystem resilience, and societal innovation. The low priority given to genetic diversity has largely been due to knowledge gaps in key areas, including the importance of genetic diversity and the trends in genetic diversity change; the perceived high expense and low availability and the scattered nature of genetic data; and complicated concepts and information that are inaccessible to policymakers. However, numerous recent advances in knowledge, technology, databases, practice, and capacity have now set the stage for better integration of genetic diversity in policy instruments and conservation efforts. We review these developments and explore how they can support improved consideration of genetic diversity in global conservation policy commitments and enable countries to monitor, report on, and take action to maintain or restore genetic diversity.
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| 8. |
- Hoban, Sean, et al.
(författare)
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Too simple, too complex, or just right? Advantages, challenges, and guidance for indicators of genetic diversity
- 2024
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Ingår i: BioScience. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring genetic diversity of wild species using DNA-based data remains resource intensive and time consuming for nearly all species. However, genetic assessments are needed for global conservation commitments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, and for governments and managers to evaluate conservation progress, as well as prioritizing species and populations to preserve and recover genetic diversity (e.g., via genetic rescue). Recently, indicators were developed for tracking and reporting genetic diversity status and trends for hundreds of species. The indicators quantify two simple proxies of within-population and among-population genetic diversity and adaptive potential: small effective population size (Ne < 500) and the loss of genetically distinct populations. The indicators must balance scientific credibility, practicality, and simplicity. In the present article, we summarize the advantages of these pragmatic indicators, address critiques by scientists for simplifying assumptions and by policymakers for complexity, and propose potential solutions and next steps. We aim to support practitioners putting indicators into policy, action, legislation, and reporting.
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| 9. |
- Lavery, Tyrone H., et al.
(författare)
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Impact Indicators for Biodiversity Conservation Research : Measuring Influence within and beyond Academia
- 2021
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 71:4, s. 383-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring, reporting and forecasting research impact beyond academia has become increasingly important to demonstrate and understand real-world benefits. This is arguably most important in crisis disciplines such as medicine, environmental sustainability and biodiversity conservation, where application of new knowledge is urgently needed to improve health and environmental outcomes. Increasing focus on impact has prompted the development of theoretical guidance and practical tools tailored to a range of disciplines, but commensurate development of tools for conservation is still needed. In the present article, we review available tools for evaluating research impact applicable to conservation research. From these, and via a survey of conservation professionals, we compiled and ranked a list of 96 impact indicators useful for conservation science. Our indicators apply to a logic chain of inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes, and impacts. We suggest the list can act as a clear guide to realize and measure potential impacts from conservation research within and beyond academia.
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| 10. |
- Lin, Brenda B., et al.
(författare)
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A Transdisciplinary Framework to Unlock the Potential Benefits of Green Spaces for Urban Communities Under Changing Contexts
- 2023
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 73:3, s. 196-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New urban models increasingly seek to create more sustainable, livable, and healthier cities by reinvigorating green space. In this article, we highlight and briefly review several main but disconnected areas of study in which the factors that frame human–environment interactions and therefore also influence the potential well-being outcomes of those interactions are studied. We then use the intersection of affordance theory and socio-institutional programming to provide a conceptual framework that ties together these spheres of research, and we discuss some critical keys for enabling different positive green space experiences. Urban communities are not homogeneous, and accounting for the intersection between individual differences and landscape programming opens up more diverse pathways for affording positive human–environment interactions and different well-being outcomes.
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