| 1. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based self-help for depression : randomised controlled trial
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 187, s. 456-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive-behavioural therapy, but as skilled therapists are in short supply there is a need for self-help approaches. Many individuals with depression use the internet for discussion of symptoms and to share their experience.AIMS:To investigate the effects of an internet-administered self-help programme including participation in a monitored, web-based discussion group, compared with participation in web-based discussion group only.METHOD:A randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy with minimal therapist contact (plus participation in a discussion group) with the effects of participation in a discussion group only.RESULTS:Internet-based therapy with minimal therapist contact, combined with activity in a discussion group, resulted in greater reductions of depressive symptoms compared with activity in a discussion group only (waiting-list control group). At 6 months' follow-up, improvement was maintained to a large extent.CONCLUSIONS:Internet-delivered cognitive cognitive-behavioural therapy should be pursued further as a complement or treatment alternative for mild-to-moderate depression.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Pros and cons of online cognitive-behavioural therapy
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 193:4, s. 270-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Online cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression has the potential to serve as an important addition to the care of people with mild to moderate depression. Although some studies show promising results, the need for proper diagnoses and human guidance must be considered when interpreting the modest effects found in studies with little or no guidance from a therapist.
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| 3. |
- Andrews, Gavin, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime risk of depression: restricted to a minority or waiting for most?
- 2005
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 187, s. 495-6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression remits and recurs, but among what proportion of the population? Retrospective surveys report the lifetime risk to be around 10%. A modelling study and two prospective studies concur that close to half the population can expect one or more episodes of depression in their lifetime.
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| 4. |
- Baker, JH, et al.
(författare)
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Intrauterine testosterone exposure and risk for disordered eating
- 2009
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 194:4, s. 375-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has suggested that prenatal testosterone exposure masculinises disordered eating by comparing opposite- and same-gender twins. The objective of the current study is to replicate this finding using a sample of 439 identical and 213 fraternal females, 461 identical and 344 fraternal males, and 361 males and 371 females from opposite-gender twin pairs. Disordered eating was compared across twin types using the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. Inconsistent with previous findings, a main effect of co-twin gender was not found. Our results raise questions about the validity of prior evidence of the impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on patterns of disordered eating.
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| 5. |
- Batty, GD, et al.
(författare)
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IQ in early adulthood and later risk of death by homicide: cohort study of 1 million men
- 2008
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 193:6, s. 461-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk factors for homicide are emerging; however, the predictive value of IQ, for which there is a strong prima facie case, has yet to be examined.AimsTo examine the association between IQ and risk of death by homicide.MethodA cohort of 968 846 men, aged 18–19 years, were administered an IQ test battery at military conscription and then followed for mortality experience over two decades.ResultsThere were 191 deaths due to homicide during follow-up. In age-adjusted analyses, a high total IQ test score was associated with a reduced rate of homicide (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase in IQ score=0.49, 95% CI 0.42–0.57). A step-wise gradient was apparent across the three IQ groups (P-value for trend 50.001). After adjustment for indicators of socio-economic position and illness at conscription, this gradient was marginally attenuated (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.49–0.67).ConclusionsHigh IQ test scores in early adulthood were associated with a reduced risk of death by homicide.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cantor-Graae, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Social defeat and schizophrenia - reply
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 188, s. 394-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of social phobia : Randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 190, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although effective therapies for social phobia exist, many individuals refrain from seeking treatment owing to the embarrassment associated with help-seeking. Internet-based cognitive-behavioural self-help can be an alternative, but adherence is a problem. Aims: To evaluate a 9-week programme of internet-based therapy designed to increase treatment adherence by the addition of short weekly telephone calls, nine in all, with a total duration of 95 min. Method: In a randomised controlled trial the effects of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment group (n=29) were compared with a waiting-list control group (n=28). Results: Compared with the control group the treated participants experienced greater reductions on measures of general and social anxiety, avoidance and depression. Adherence to treatment was high, with 93% finishing the complete treatment package. One year later all improvements were maintained. Conclusions: This study provides evidence to support the use of internet-based treatment supplemented by short, weekly telephone calls.
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| 9. |
- Chotai, Jayanti
(författare)
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Month of birth in relation to suicide.
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 192:4, s. 313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder : randomised controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 195:5, s. 440-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Internet-delivered self-help programmes with added guidance have shown efficacy in social anxiety disorder, unguided self-help has been insufficiently studied. Aims To evaluate the efficacy of guided and unguided self-help social anxiety disorder. Method Participants followed a cognitive-behavioural self-help programme in the form of either pure bibliotherapy or an internet-based treatment with therapist guidance and online group discussions. A subsequent trial was conducted to evaluate treatment specificity. Participants (n=235) were randomised to one of three conditions in the first trial, or one of four conditions in the second. Results Pure bibliotherapy and the internet-based treatment were better than waiting list on measures of social anxiety, general anxiety, depression and quality of life. The internet-based therapy had the highest effect sizes, but directly comparable effects were noted for bibliotherapy augmented with online group discussions. Gains were well maintained a year later. Conclusions Unguided self-help through bibliotherapy can produce enduring improvement for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
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