| 1. |
- Andersson, Jenny
(författare)
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Ghost in a Shell : The Scenario Tool and the World Making of Royal Dutch Shell
- 2020
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Ingår i: Business history review. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-6805 .- 2044-768X. ; 94:4, s. 729-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the history of the Royal Dutch Shell scenarios, from the first horizon scan exercise in 1967. It proposes that forward-looking scenarios were integrated in planning at Shell as tools for managing uncertainty in global time and space relations of oil after 1967. Specifically, the article proposes that Shell strategically used the scenarios to respond to arguments, emanating both from OPEC and from the Club of Rome, of oil as a limited resource. Shell used the scenarios to create images of a future oil market dominated by innovation, creativity, and sustainable solutions.
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| 2. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Planetary Limits! : The International Chamber of Commerce, the United Nations, and the Invention of Sustainable Development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Business history review. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-6805 .- 2044-768X. ; 97:3, s. 481-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the role of business interests in shaping the structures of global environmental governance between the United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 and the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio in 1992. It demonstrates how the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) managed to establish itself as a key partner for the UN while articulating a neoliberal vision that emphasized the market mechanism and business self-regulation as sources of environmental governance. The article provides empirical evidence that the ICC institutionalized business self-regulation in environmental governance and contributed to the very definition of the concept of sustainable development as we know it today.
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Creating Value Out of Waste : The Transformation of the Swedish Waste and Recycling Sector, 1970s–2010s
- 2023
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Ingår i: Business history review. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-6805 .- 2044-768X. ; 97:1, s. 3-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the growth of the waste and recycling sector in Sweden since the 1970s and seeks to identify the conditions for market growth and underlying business dynamics. The article identifies a slow growth pattern at aggregate level in the 1970s, while a major shift toward higher growth rates took place only in the mid-1990s. Resembling the findings of existing studies of German and US industry counterparts, Swedish recycling companies grew larger in the 1970s and more knowledge-intensive from the 1980s. Our study concludes that the growth of the Swedish recycling industry has been driven not only by government policies addressing household waste but even more so by large manufacturing firms that have increasingly demanded more complex recycling services over time.
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| 4. |
- Kenny, Seán, et al.
(författare)
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Unlimiting Unlimited Liability : Legal Equality for Swedish Banks with Alternative Shareholder Liability Regimes, 1897-1903
- 2021
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Ingår i: Business history review. - 0007-6805 .- 2044-768X. ; 95:2, s. 193-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the aftermath of the 1897 Riksbank Act in Swedish banking. The act placed banks with unlimited liability and those with limited liability on equal footing, removing the note-issuing privileges of the former. We consider whether changes in risk preferences occurred subsequent to the act, or whether extended liability was a sufficient deterrent. We conclude that when legal differences were removed, lower transaction costs for unlimited liability banks (ULBs) spurred aggressive competition, reflected in narrower interest spreads relative to limited liability banks (LLBs). ULBs also took on greater leverage and held less liquidity, which supports the Coasean interpretation that the shareholder liability regime mattered little. After 1897, ULB shareholders continued to receive higher dividends, enjoyed substantially superior returns on equity, and maintained an array of corporate governance controls to shield themselves against their additional risk.
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| 5. |
- Kenny, Seán, et al.
(författare)
-
Unlimiting Unlimited Liability : Legal Equality for Swedish Banks with Alternative Shareholder Liability Regimes (1897-1903)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Business History Review. - 0007-6805. ; 95:2, s. 193-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the aftermath of the 1897 Riksbank Act in Swedish banking. The Act placed banks with unlimited and limited liability upon equal footing, removing the note issuing privileges of the former. We consider whether changes in risk preferences occurred subsequent to the Act, or whether extended liability was a sufficient deterrent. We conclude that when legal differences were removed, lower transaction costs for ULBs spurred aggressive competition reflected in narrower interest spreads relative to LLBs. ULBs also took on greater leverage and held less liquidity, which supports the Coasean interpretation that shareholder liability regime mattered little. After 1897, ULB shareholders continued to receive higher dividends, enjoyed substantially superior returns on equity and maintained an array of corporate governance controls to shield themselves against their additional risk.
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| 6. |
- Nix, A., et al.
(författare)
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Enron and the California Energy Crisis: The Role of Networks in Enabling Organizational Corruption
- 2021
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Ingår i: Business History Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0007-6805 .- 2044-768X. ; 95:4, s. 765-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide an analytically structured history of Enron's involvement in the California energy crisis, exploring its emergence as a corrupt organization and its use of an interorganizational network to manipulate California's energy supply markets. We use this history to introduce the concept of network-enabled corruption, showing how corruption, even if primarily enacted by a single dominant organization, is often highly dependent on the support of other organizations. Specifically, we show how Enron combined resources from partner firms with its own capabilities, manipulating the energy market and capitalizing on the crisis. From a methodological point of view, our study emphasizes the growing importance of digital sources for historical research, drawing particularly on telephone and email records from the period to develop a rich, fly-on-the-wall understanding of a phenomenon that is otherwise hard to observe.
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| 7. |
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