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- Decuyper, Mieke, et al.
(författare)
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Latent personality profiles and the relations with psychopathology and psychopathic traits in detained adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 44:2, s. 217-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study constructed empirically derived subtypes of adolescent offenders based on general traits and examined their associations with psychopathology and psychopathic traits. The sample included 342 detained minors (172 boys and 170 girls; mean age 15.85 years, SD = 1.07) recruited in various Youth Detention Centers across the Flemish part of Belgium. All adolescents provided self-reports on the quick big five, the youth self report, and the youth psychopathic traits inventory to assess general traits, psychopathology, and psychopathic traits respectively. Latent class analyses based on general personality traits were performed and suggested three personality types, consisting of an emotionally labile, close-minded and goal-oriented class, an undercontrolled class, and an emotionally labile-careless class. These three personality types within detained minors showed particular constellations of general traits and differed meaningfully in terms of their mean-scores on externalizing psychopathology and psychopathy measures.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jacobsen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Development and Social-Emotional Functioning in Young Foster Children: A Follow-up Study from 2 to 3 Years of Age
- 2013
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry & Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 44:5, s. 666-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foster children (FC) are at risk of delayed development relative to their peers due to early caregiver disruptions and adverse experiences prior to placement. Descriptive analyses and linear mixed effects (LME models) were used to analyse the cognitive development and social-emotional functioning of 60 FC and 42 comparison children (CC) at 2 (T1) and 3 years (T2). Changes in group differences between T1 and T2 were examined, and significant group differences occurred on all cognitive scales, with the FC obtaining lower scores than the CC. An analysis of social-emotional functioning revealed significantly more externalising, dysregulation behaviour and poorer competencies among the FC, which exhibited significantly better cognitive abilities and competencies at T2 than T1, with the exception of receptive language. The FC did not demonstrate more negative social-emotional behaviour at T2 (apart from more internalisation behaviour), but failed to catch up with the CC. Young foster children need screening and support to improve their developmental potential.
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| 4. |
- Schwab-Stone, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Cultural Findings on Community Violence Exposure and Internalizing Psychopathology : Comparing Adolescents in the United States, Russia, and Belgium
- 2013
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 44:4, s. 516-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate cross-cultural differences in the relation between community violence and psychopathology. A self-report survey was conducted in a representative sample of 3,309 14-17 year old adolescents from urban communities in the US (N = 1,343), Belgium (N = 946) and Russia (N = 1,009). In all three countries, boys reported higher prevalences of violence exposure and more victimization by community violence than girls. Controlling for involvement in antisocial behavior, levels of psychopathology increased along with severity of exposure to community violence (from no exposure to witnessing to victimization). The associations between community violence and internalizing problems were similar across countries and gender. Current findings suggest that the relationships between community violence and adolescent mental health are not culture bound and that they follow similar dynamics in different populations. Clinical implications and directions are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Telman, Machteld D., et al.
(författare)
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Modifying Adolescent Interpretation Biases Through Cognitive Training : Effects on Negative Affect and Stress Appraisals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : SPRINGER. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 44:5, s. 602-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescent anxiety is common, impairing and costly. Given the scale of adolescent anxiety and its impact, fresh innovations for therapy are in demand. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) studies of adults show that by training individuals to endorse benign interpretations of ambiguous situations can improve anxious mood-states particularly in response towards stress. While, these investigations have been partially extended to adolescents with success, inconsistent training effects on anxious mood-states have been found. The present study investigated whether positive versus negative CBM-I training influenced appraisals of stress, in forty-nine adolescents, aged 15-18. Data supported the plasticity of interpretational styles, with positively-trained adolescents selecting more benign resolutions of new ambiguous situations, than negatively-trained adolescents. Positively-trained adolescents also rated recent stressors as having less impact on their lives than negatively-trained adolescents. Thus, while negative styles may increase negative responses towards stress, positive styles may boost resilience.
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