| 1. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : Wiley Periodicals, Inc. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 51:8, s. 696-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to explore effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional lateralization, item tasks measuring preferences of hand, foot, eye, and ear were administered to a sample of 23 children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. In addition, a dichotic listening task was administered to a subsample of 11 children with FAS and a TD group of comparable age, sex and handedness. The children with FAS were characterized by increased nonright-handedness compared with TD children. No differences were evident for preferential use of foot, eye, or ear. Moreover, children with FAS displayed more right ear extinctions during dichotic listening relative to TD children, indicating a lack of right ear advantage. The results add to findings of decreased manual asymmetry and less left-lateralized speech perception in children with developmental disorders, and are further discussed in relation to the high incidence of callosal abnormalities in alcohol-exposed children.
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| 2. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Upper and lower body functional asymmetries in the newborn : do they have the same lateral biases?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - New York : Wiley. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 46:2, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is still an open question as to whether functional asymmetries in the human newborn derive from a single lateralized system or multiple subsystems based on different neural mechanisms. In the present study, asymmetries in head turning were compared to those in leg movements during stepping and placing, with the latter also being related to differences in leg mass. The effects of an active versus an inactive state or condition were examined for all three behaviors. No overall lateral biases were found for head turning or for the first foot to move in stepping and placing, and there were no concordances among them; however, there was an asymmetry in that the left foot had a shorter onset latency when compared to the right foot for both stepping and placing. Findings are discussed in terms of what they imply about underlying neural systems that have a bearing on expressions of newborn laterality, and also with regard to the impact of methodological differences in this area of study.
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| 3. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative assessment of right and left reaching movements in infants : a longitudinal study from 6 to 36 months
- 2006
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 48:6, s. 444-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal study aimed to explore the early presence and developmental pattern of laterality in reaching kinematics and its relationship to side use. In order to do so, 3-D kinematic measurements as well as 2-D video recordings of right-left reaching movements were successively carried out for 17 infants at the ages of 6, 9, 12, and 36 months. Additional investigations of hand preference were made at 36 months. As four infants were prematurely born, their outcomes were compared to those of the fullterm participants. While most of the infants in the early ages showed a rather inconsistent preference in terms of frequency and distributions of right-left side use, the analyses of reaching kinematics revealed a more consistent pattern of fewer movements units (MUs) and straighter right-sided reaching for the majority of infants at all tested ages. However, reaching kinematics from the preterm infants were generally more variable and less side consistent. It is proposed that the development of human handedness originates from an early right arm rather than hand preference in that representations of asymmetry in bilateral projections (involved in arm movements) developmentally precede contralateral projections (involved in refined hand/finger movements).
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| 4. |
- Glund, S., et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 directly increases glucose metabolism in resting human skeletal muscle
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:6, s. 1630-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin (IL)-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine shown to modify insulin sensitivity. Elevated plasma levels of IL-6 are observed in insulin-resistant states. Interestingly, plasma IL-6 levels also increase during exercise, with skeletal muscle being the predominant source. Thus, IL-6 has also been suggested to promote insulin-mediated glucose utilization. In this study, we determined the direct effects of IL-6 on glucose transport and signal transduction in human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle strips were prepared from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from 22 healthy men. Muscle strips were incubated with or without IL-6 (120 ng/ml). We found that IL-6 increased glucose transport in human skeletal muscle 1.3-fold (P < 0.05). A 30-min pre-exposure to IL-6 did not affect insulin-stimulated glucose transport. IL-6 also increased skeletal muscle glucose incorporation into glycogen, as well as glucose oxidation (1.5- and 1.3-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). IL-6 increased phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; P < 0.05), AMP-activated protein kinase (P = 0.063), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P < 0.05) and reduced phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (P < 0.05). In contrast, phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt, AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa), and GSK3alpha/beta (glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha/beta) as well as insulin receptor substrate 1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity remained unaltered. In conclusion, acute IL-6 exposure increases glucose metabolism in resting human skeletal muscle. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport and insulin signaling were unchanged after IL-6 exposure.
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| 5. |
- Chung, S., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of carrier density on magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga, Mn)As
- 2009
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Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 149:41-42, s. 1739-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planar Hall effect (PHE) measurements are used to investigate magnetic anisotropy in two (Ga, Mn)As samples which differ by the hole concentration, but are otherwise identical. The difference in the hole density is controlled via modulation doping by Be. Angular dependence of PHE measured at 13 K reveals that the uniaxial easy axis in the sample with a lower hole concentration lies along the [110] direction, and along [over(1, ̄) 10] in the sample with higher doping. This difference in the orientation of uniaxial easy axes in the two samples demonstrates that the magnetization of GaMnAs can be manipulated just by varying the carrier density.
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