| 1. |
- Abbasalizadeh, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Use of iron reactive anode in electrowinning of neodymium from neodymium oxide
- 2019
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 310, s. 146-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrolytic production of metallic neodymium is carried out in fused neodymium fluoride salts containing neodymium oxide. Two major challenges pertaining to neodymium production in fluoride salts are a) low solubility of neodymium oxide in fluoride melt, b) possibility of anodic gas evolution (CO, CO2, CF4, C2F6). In this study, iron is used as a reactive anode in the electrolysis process, promoting electrochemical dissolution of iron into the melt, preventing PFC (perfluorocarbon) gas evolution at the anode. Further, the rare earth oxide is converted to rare earth fluoride by the use of iron fluoride formed as the result of iron dissolution. Thus, the fluoridizing agent is constantly regenerated in-situ which enables the continuous conversion of neodymium oxide feed. The cathodic product is Nd-Fe alloy which can be used as a master alloy for the production of NdFeB magnets.
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| 2. |
- Afzal, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Ba0.3Ca0.7Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ composite material as novel catalytic cathode for ceria-carbonate electrolyte fuel cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Pergamon Press. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 178, s. 385-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports a new composite BaxCa1-xCoyFe1-yO3-delta (BCCF) cathode material for advanced and low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The BCCF-based composite material was synthesized by sol gel method and investigated as a catalytic cathode for low temperature (LT) SOFCs. XRD analysis of the as-prepared material revealed the dominating BCCF perovskite structure as the main phase accompanied with cobalt and calcium oxides as the secondary phases resulting into an overall composite structure. Structure and morphology of the sample was observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). In particular, the Ba0.3Ca0.7Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BCCF37) showed a maximum conductivity of 143 S cm(-1) in air at 550 degrees C measured by DC 4 probe method. The BCCF at the optimized composition exhibited much higher electrical conductivities than the commercial Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) perovskite cathode material. A maximum power density of 325 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C is achieved for the ceria-carbonate electrolyte fuel cell with BCCF37 as the cathode material.
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| 3. |
- Ali Soomro, Razium, et al.
(författare)
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Amino acid assisted growth of CuO nanostructures and their potential application in electrochemical sensing of organophosphate pesticide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 190, s. 972-979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide (malathion) based on unique and attractive CuO nanostructures. The discussed nanostructures were synthesized using low temperature hydrothermal growth method utilizing green amino acids such as glycine, serine, threonine and histidine as effective bio-compatible templates. The morphological evaluation demonstrated formation of unique and attractive 1-D nanostructures reflecting the effective growth controlling and directing capabilities of the utilized amino acids. The as-synthesized CuO nanostructures were noted to possess high affinity towards malathion which enabled their application as electrode material for the development of affinity based electrochemical sensor. Although, the as-synthesized morphologies were all sensitive towards malathion but the glycine directed triangular flake-like nanostructures exhibited greater sensitivity compared to other competitors. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) whereas, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was utilized for the analytical evaluation of the sensor. The developed sensor demonstrated high reproducibility, stability, wide detection window (1-12 nM), and sensitivity to detect malathion up to 0.1 nM based on suppressive signal measurement. In addition, the sensor system exhibited high anti-interference capability in the presence of common co-existing pesticides like lindane, carbendazim, and trichlorfon. The developed sensor provides an effective measure for detecting extremely low concentration of malathion with wide applicability in various fields. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Amiri, Omid, et al.
(författare)
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Stable Plasmonic-Improved dye Sensitized Solar Cells by Silver Nanoparticles Between Titanium Dioxide Layers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 152, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel metal nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced as light-harvesting antennae to enhance photocurrent of photovoltaic cells. In this work, we examined the plasmonic enhancement of photocurrent in dye-sensitized solar cells with deposition of Ag NPs between different TiO2 layers. The I-V measurement showed clearly that the open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of cells doesn't depend on Ag existence in our cells configuration extremely, however the short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) strongly depends on it. Deposition of Ag NPs on packing TiO2 layer (T1) and transparent layer of TiO2 (T-2) both had acceptable results. The solar cells performance by treatment of Ag was studied and the results indicated that time treatment of AgNO3 and KBH4 is a key parameter which has effect on the PCE of the device. Low time (1 min), hardly shows any effect while medium time (2 min) shows significant effect on device performance. Meanwhile to improve the stability of these cells, we have proposed a new sealing method to fabricate promising stabile dye synthesized solar cells.
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| 5. |
- Anwar, Nargis, et al.
(författare)
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Redox switching of polyoxometalate-doped polypyrrole films in ionic liquid media
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 265, s. 254-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface immobilization of the parent Dawson polyoxometalate (POM) as a counter-ion for the electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) or as an electrode-adhered solid was utilized for voltammetric studies of the surface adhered POM in room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Illustrating the efficiency of intermediate stabilization, voltammetry at POM-modified electrodes in a PF6-based RTIL revealed richer redox behaviour and higher stabilization in comparison with aqueous electrolytes and with BF4-based RTIL, respectively. High stability of the POM-doped PPy towards continuous charge-discharge voltammetric redox cycles was confirmed by minor changes in film morphology observed after the cycling in RTILs. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Ayagou, Martien, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of iron corrosion in H2S solutions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 282, s. 775-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion of iron exposed to H2S saturated solution at pH 4 was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, weight loss coupons and surface analysis. Hydrogen permeation was also used as indirect means of evaluating the intensity of the proton reduction reaction leading to hydrogen entry into the metal. Since corrosion in this type of test solution results in the rapid build-up of a conductive and highly porous iron sulfide scale, a specific contribution of the film has to be considered. An impedance model was thus proposed. The faradaic anodic impedance consists of a two-step reaction with charge transfer and adsorption – desorption. An additional contribution, associated with the conductive and highly porous iron sulfide film was added in parallel. This contribution, mostly visible in the low frequency domain, presents a 45° tail associated with a porous electrode behavior. This model was well adapted to describe impedance diagrams measured at various exposure times, up to 620 h. Charge transfer resistance determined from impedance analysis allowed calculating the evolution with time of the corrosion current density. A very good correlation was found between this corrosion current density and the hydrogen permeation current density. As expected in our experimental conditions, a permeation efficiency close to 100% is demonstrated. Corrosion rate of 490 μm/year was measured by weight-loss specimens, confirming the validity of the impedance analysis, which resulted in a calculated corrosion rate of 530 μm/year.
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| 7. |
- Bagheri, Narjes, et al.
(författare)
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Physicochemical identity and charge storage properties of battery-type nickel oxide material and its composites with activated carbon
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 194, s. 480-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural properties of annealed nickel oxide and its composites with activated carbon (synthesized via simple precipitation methods) have been addressed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption method and scanning electron microscopy. The charge storage properties of materials have also been investigated in three-and two-electrode configurations by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging/discharging in alkaline media. The results are consistent with the view that, depending on a method of preparation, the resulting nickel oxide films may exhibit redox characteristics different from that typically observed for nickel oxide-based materials. It is demonstrated that faradaic-type (redox) reactions, that are typical for battery-like materials, contribute predominantly to the high electrode capacity of 257C g(-1) (at 0.1 A g(-1)). By combining nickel oxide with a capacitive material such as activated carbon within the two-electrode symmetric cell, systems with increased charge-storage capabilities have been obtained. The fact, that the voltage window of nickel oxide-based cell has been broadened positively from 0.6 V to 1 V upon introduction of activated carbon, has also resulted in the increase of the cell's energy and power densities as well.
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| 8. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Graft copolymer electrolytes for high temperature Li-battery applications, using poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 175, s. 96-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For successful hybridization of heavy vehicles, high temperature batteries might be the solution. Here, high temperature solid polymer electrolytes (SPE's) based on different ratios of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), with LiTFSI salt (at a fixed ether oxygen (EO):Li ratio of 20:1) have been prepared and investigated. The copolymers comprise PMMA backbones with grafted PEGMA side-chains containing 9 EO units. The SPE systems were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and electrochemical cycling in prototype cells, with a particular focus on the 83 wt% PEGMA system. The electrolytes have good thermal stabilities and dissociate the LiTFSI salt easily, while at the same time maintaining low glass transition temperatures (Tg's). Depending on the polymeric structure, ionic conductivities >1 mS cm-1 at 110 °C are detected, thus providing ion transport properties for a broad range of electrochemical applications. Prototype Li|polymer electrolyte|LiFePO4 cells utilizing the SPE at 60 °C showed surprisingly low capacities (
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| 9. |
- Böhme, Solveig, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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On the electrochemistry of tin oxide coated tin electrodes in lithium-ion batteries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 179, s. 482-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As tin based electrodes are of significant interest in the development of improved lithium-ion batteries it is important to understand the associated electrochemical reactions. In this work it is shown that the electrochemical behavior of SnO2 coated tin electrodes can be described based on the SnO2 and SnO conversion reactions, the lithium tin alloy formation and the oxidation of tin generating SnF2. The CV, XPS and SEM data, obtained for electrodeposited tin crystals on gold substrates, demonstrates that the capacity loss often observed for SnO2 is caused by the reformed SnO2 layer serving as a passivating layer protecting the remaining tin. Capacities corresponding up to about 80 % of the initial SnO2 capacity could, however, be obtained by cycling to 3.5 V vs. Li+/Li. It is also shown that the oxidation of the lithium tin alloy is hindered by the rate of the diffusion of lithium through a layer of tin with increasing thickness and that the irreversible oxidation of tin to SnF2 at potentials larger than 2.8 V vs. Li+/Li is due to the fact that SnF2 is formed below the SnO2 layer. This improved electrochemical understanding of the SnO2/Sn system should be valuable in the development of tin based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
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| 10. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Electrode parameters and operating conditions influencing the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 277, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A deeper understanding of porous electrode preparation and performance losses is necessary to advance the anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) technology. This study has investigated the performance losses at 50 °C for varied: Tokuyama AS-4 ionomer content in the catalyst layer, Pt/C loading and catalyst layer thickness at the anode and cathode, relative humidity, and anode catalyst. The prepared gas diffusion electrodes in the interval of ionomer-to-Pt/C weight ratio of 0.4–0.8 or 29–44 wt% ionomer content show the highest performance. Varying the loading and catalyst layer thickness simultaneously shows that both the cathode and the anode influence the cell performance. The effects of the two electrodes are shown to vary with current density and this is assumed to be due to non-uniform current distribution throughout the electrodes. Further, lowering the relative humidity at the anode and cathode separately shows small performance losses for both electrodes that could be related to lowered ionomer conductivity. Continued studies are needed to optimize, and understand limitations of, each of the two electrodes to obtain improved cell performance.
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