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| 2. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Development of mating disruption for control of pine sawfly populations
- 1995
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 74:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) was strongly indicated by reduced male trap catches in pine plantations permeated with the sex pheromone, (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. The trap catch reduction was 95 to near 100% when dispensers every 10 m were used, giving a total release of about 3 mg per hectare and day. Two mg of pheromone per cotton roll dispenser maintained low catches for the whole season (about 2 months) without any renewal of disruption dispensers. An erythro‐mixture was as effective as the pure pheromone isomer. The effects of the experiments on population density and sex ratio were not possible to investigate, due to a general collapse of the population, also outside experimental plots, the year after the experiments. 1995 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 3. |
- Valeur, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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Behaviour of male oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, in overlapping sex pheromone plumes in a wind tunnel
- 1996
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 79:1, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behaviour of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males was studied in overlapping sex pheromone plumes in a wind tunnel. The ultimate aim of the study was to assess the effect of different treatments on male behaviour and consider the observed changes within the context of the suggested mechanisms underlying mating disruption. Two baits were placed either in series or parallel using both synthetic pheromone blends and female extracts. One bait, the reference containing (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate/(E)-8-dodecenyl acetate/(Z)-8-dodecenol in a ratio of 100/6/10 was kept constant at a dose of 100 μg of the main component, giving a composition and a release rate close to that of a female. The dose of the other bait varied between 0.1 and 100 times the concentration of the reference and was a mixture of one, two or three pheromone components. Males clearly discriminated between different blends and doses in the overlapping plumes, for regardless if the lures were presented in series or in parallel they followed the complete plume. Complete suppression of the response to the reference was only achieved with 300 μg of the optimal three-component blend on the other lure. When tested singly, a bait consisting of Z8-12:OAc/E8-12:OAc/Z8-12:O Hin a 100/0.2/0.4 ratio, attracted a high proportion of the males when placed 75 cm upwind of the male release site, but no males from 150 cm. Our data suggest that complete pheromone blends should be more effective than any incomplete blends in mating disruption formulations for G. molesta.
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| 4. |
- Wedding, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of wind conditions and intertrap spacing on pheromone trap catches of male European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer
- 1995
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 77:2, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial distribution of catches of male European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae), was studied using different pheromone trap arrays. In hexagonal trap groups, trap interference was evident by reduced catch in the central of seven traps spaced 10 to 40 m apart. When the trap spacings were either 5 or 80 m no significant reduction could be shown. The interaction was more pronounced for strong (100 μg) pheromone ([2S, 3S, 7S]‐3, 7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecanyl acetate) lures than for weak ones (10 μg). Similarly, the inner traps caught less than the outer traps in grids of 6 × 6 traps spaced 20 or 50 m apart. Mark‐release‐recapture experiments in the grid array confirmed that a majority of the males originated from outside the trap group and were caught in the first trap they encountered. There were no differences between catches in downwind, crosswind and upwind traps. Thus, no ‘overshooting’ was evident during average conditions, i.e. the sawflies did not divert from the trap initially attracting them by flying to the upwind trap. However, the proportion caught in the upwind traps increased with increasing wind velocity, suggesting more overlapping pheromone plumes at higher wind speeds. Also, the recapture rate of released males increased with increasing wind velocity up to a daily average of 3.1 m/s at 2 m, indicating that sawflies more easily find the pheromone source, probably due to a more stable pheromone puff trajectory during higher wind velocities. The application of pheromone traps in e.g. monitoring studies is discussed and a distance of at least 50 m between the traps with strong lures used in the present study is recommended to avoid trap interaction. 1995 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Jun-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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A sex pheromone component novel to the Geometridae identified from Epirrita autumnata
- 1995
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 75:2, s. 159-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Z,Z,Z)‐1, 3, 6, 9‐Heneicosatetraene was identified as a sex pheromone component of Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen), (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection revealed one active peak‐from female pheromone gland extracts. The chemical identification of the compound was based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, chemical micro‐reactions and unambiguous synthesis. In a field test, a rubber septum loaded with 3000 μg of this compound showed highest attraction of male E. autumnata moths compared to lower doses and the control. The attraction of males to a 300 μg bait was equivalent to that obtained using live virgin females. 1995 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 6. |
- Zhu, J. W., et al.
(författare)
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Reidentification of the female sex pheromone of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella : evidence for a four-component pheromone blend
- 1999
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 92:2, s. 137-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pheromone gland extracts from calling female Plodia interpunctella contained at least seven compounds that consistently elicited electroantennographic responses from male antennae upon gas chromatographic analysis. Three of these compounds were found to be the previously identified gland constituents, i.e., (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:OAc), (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienal (Z9,E12-14:Ald) and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienol (Z9,E12-14:OH). A fourth EAD-active compound was identified as (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc). The homologue (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc) was also identified in the extracts, but showed no EAD activity. The identity of all five compounds was confirmed by comparison of GC retention times and mass spectra with those of synthetic standards. In flight tunnel tests there were no significant differences in response of male P. interpunctella to the bait containing all four EAD-active compounds and the responses to female gland extacts. A behavioural assay of different two-compound blends in the flight tunnel showed that only addition of the corresponding aldehyde to the major pheromone component Z9,E12-14:OAc raised the male response. A subtractive assay, however, revealed that the exclusion of any of the compounds from the complete four-compound blend reduced its activity significantly. We thus conclude that the female-produced sex pheromone of P. interpunctella consists of at least four components, i.e., Z9,E12-14:OAc, Z9,E12-14:Ald, Z9,E12-14:OH and Z9-14:OAc. In a field trapping test performed in a storage facility, the four-component blend attracted significantly more males of P. interpunctella than traps baited with Z9,E12-14:OAc alone. In contrast, the highest number of Ephestia kuehniella males was found in the traps baited with this major component, suggesting that the secondary pheromone components contribute to the species specificity of the blend.
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