| 1. |
- Blomquist, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Lung mechanics, gas exchange and central circulation during treatment of intra-abdominal hemorrhage with pneumatic anti-shock garment and intra-aortic balloon occlusion. An experimental study in pigs
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 26:4, s. 240-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standardized intra-abdominal hemorrhage was induced in 7 anesthetized pigs. The resulting hypovolemic shock was treated with pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG) followed by intra-aortic balloon occlusion. The effects of this treatment on circulation, lung mechanics and gas exchange were studied. Hemorrhage was induced by pulling out sutures introduced in the inferior caval vein. We found that the use of PASG partially restored mean arterial blood pressure from 44 +/- 6 to 66 +/- 6 mm Hg. When intraaortic balloon occlusion was added, the arterial pressure returned to basal levels. Cardiac output fell severely due to the hemorrhage from 3.7 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 liters/min and could not be restored during the treatment. A severe fall in total lung compliance was recorded after inflation of the PASG from 18.6 +/- 0.9 to 10 +/- 0.7 ml/cm H2O, this was accompanied by a fall in alveolar ventilation. These findings emphasize the severe restriction in lung function that occurred during treatment with PASG. Both parameters returned to near normal values when the PASG was deflated and the intra-aortic balloon was inflated. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased by more than 400% and remained high during the study period. There was no change in arterial PO2, however the fall in mixed venous PO2 caused by hemorrhage was reversed at the end of the treatment. Indirect monitoring of cerebral function by continuous EEG showed a decreased voltage during the hemorrhage, this was reversed by the combined treatment. We conclude that the outlined treatment makes it possible to restore central hemodynamics and preserve cerebral function at least for a short period of time until definite surgical treatment can be performed. However, severe restriction on lung mechanics, especially when PASG was inflated, makes it probable that ventilatory support can be necessary in such cases.
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| 2. |
- Bläckberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on the release of tissue kallikrein in experimental pancreatitis in the pig
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 26:2, s. 116-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The activation of the kallikrein-kinin system is thought to be one of the pathophysiological factors in acute pancreatitis. A radioimmunoassay for porcine, pancreatic tissue kallikrein was developed and used to measure levels in normal plasma and peritoneal fluid and in experimental, bile-induced (group A) and bile trypsin-induced (group B) acute pancreatitis in the pig. Normal porcine plasma and peritoneal fluid contained about 2.17 +/- 0.11 and 1.91 +/- 0.19 microgram/l (SEM) tissue kallikrein, respectively. In experimental, acute pancreatitis there was a rapid rise in the plasma level of tissue kallikrein, followed by a slow increase to a final value of about 150% of the normal plasma level in both groups. In the peritoneal exudate a large increase (200-fold in group A and 2,000-fold in group B) in tissue kallikrein was seen, with a maximum within about 1/3 of the survival time, followed by a slow decrease until death in group B. In group A a smaller second peak was seen at about 2/3 of the survival time. Gelfiltration of peritoneal exudates showed complexes with alpha 1-, alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 1 alpha 2-M), and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and a large portion of free tissue kallikrein. The complexes with alpha 1 alpha 2-M and the free tissue kallikrein were found to be enzymatically active when tested on chromogenic tripeptide substrate. The presence of large amounts of free and active tissue kallikrein in the peritoneal exudate leads us to the conclusion that tissue kallikrein may be a major cause of local release of kinins in acute pancreatitis.
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| 3. |
- Dunjić, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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The rat gastric phospholipids : Increased in ulcerated mucosa and decreased after healing
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 25:6, s. 376-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition and content of the gastric phospholipids were followed during development and healing of indometha-cin-induced chronic, antral ulcers in rats. The individual phospholipids were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric analysis of phosphate. No changes were found in phospholipid composition and content after a 24-hour fast or during the first 24 h after indomethacin was given. The total phospholipid content and the content of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were increased on the 5th day, when chronic ulcers were established. After 4 weeks, when the ulcers were healed, the total phospholipid content, and content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, respectively, were decreased, while the content of lysophosphatidylcholine was increased. In conclusion, the composition and content of gastric phospholipids were altered in rats with ulcers as well as in rats with healed ulcers.
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