| 1. |
- Al-Nawas, B, et al.
(författare)
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Severe versus local odontogenic bacterial infections: comparison of microbial isolates
- 2008
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Ingår i: European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9921. ; 40:2, s. 220-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Aim:</i> It was the aim of this study to evaluate the clinical and microbiological differences between severe and local odontogenic abscesses. <i>Methods:</i> Thirty patients were prospectively enrolled. Sixteen of 30 patients suffered from a severe life-threatening abscess of the head and neck, whereas 14/30 patients presented with a localized submucous abscess. Anaerobic bacteria were identified and susceptibility testing was performed using E test strips for penicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, imipenem + cilastatin, clindamycin and metronidazole. <i>Results:</i> The mean duration until removal of all drains was 14.1 and 3.5 days, respectively. Anaerobic bacteria were found in all episodes of local abscesses, whereas 19% of the severe episodes were culture negative, and in 13%, only aerobes were identified. A total of 60 anaerobes were isolated from 27 patients (2.2 isolates/positive sample). The dominating species were <i>Prevotella </i>sp. (n = 17), <i>Peptostreptococcus </i>sp. (n = 15) and <i>Propionibacterium </i>sp. (n = 5). Eighty-seven percent of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin. Ninety-seven percent of the anaerobes were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, imipenem + cilastatin, and clindamycin. Eighty-three percent were susceptible to metronidazol. There was a tendency for a higher rate of episodes with penicillin-resistant bacteria in the patients with severe abscesses (14 vs. 31%). No difference in susceptibility regarding amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and clindamycin (7%) was observed.
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| 2. |
- Furnes, M W, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding behavior in rats subjected to gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European surgical research. Europäische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales européennes. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9921. ; 40:3, s. 279-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIM: Gastric bypass (GB) is usually designed to restrict food intake and to induce malabsorption. Gastric hormones have been thought to play a role in the regulation of food intake and body weight. The aim of the present study was to analyze feeding behavior after total gastrectomy (Gx) or GB in rats. METHODS: Animals were subjected to Gx, GB, or sham operations. Eating and drinking behaviors after surgeries were assessed by a comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system. Gastric hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and energy density in feces by adiabatic bomb calorimeter. RESULTS: Compared with sham operation, both Gx and GB reduced the body weight as measured during 3-8 weeks postoperatively, which was associated with increased energy expenditure per 100 g body weight. Daily accumulated food intake and meal size (during nighttime) were reduced following Gx, but not GB. The water intake (during daytime) was increased after Gx and GB. The energy density in feces was unchanged. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, gastrin, and pancreastatin were greatly reduced after Gx. CONCLUSIONS: Control of food intake and meal size was independent of the food reservoir function of the stomach. Surgical depletion of gastric hormones is associated with reduced meal size, but increased water intake.
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| 3. |
- Goldkuhl, Renée, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of subcutaneous injection and oral voluntary ingestion of buprenorphine on post-operative serum corticosterone levels in male rats
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 41:3, s. 272-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adequate peri-operative analgesia may reduce post-operative stress response and improve recovery in laboratory animals. We have established a method involving repeated automated blood sampling, allowing quantification of serum corticosterone levels in rats for stress assessment without stress-inducing handling or restraint. In the present study, the effects of the commonly used route of buprenorphine administration (0.05 mg/kg injected subcutaneously) were compared with oral administration (0.4 mg/kg mixed with Nutella and orally administered by voluntary ingestion) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: A catheter was placed in the jugular vein and attached to an Accusampler for automated blood sampling. During 96 h after surgery, blood was collected at specified time points. Pre- and post-operative body weights and water consumption were registered. RESULTS: Buprenorphine significantly suppressed levels of circulating corticosterone after the oral but not after the subcutaneous treatment. Both buprenorphine treatments had a positive impact on maintenance of body weight and water consumption, compared to the control group that received no buprenorphine. CONCLUSION: The present investigation suggests that oral voluntary ingestion ad libitum is an efficacious, convenient and non-invasive way of administering peri-operative buprenorphine to rats, as judged by corticosteroid response and effects on body weight and water consumption.
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| 4. |
- Helenius, Gisela, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of shear stress on the expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in both smooth muscle and endothelial cells in a co-culture model.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European surgical research. Europ?ische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europ?ennes. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9921 .- 0014-312X. ; 40:4, s. 325-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood vessels are subjected to forces due to the flow. Endothelial cells (EC) are recipients, cross-talk with smooth muscle cells (SMC), and regulate physiology. It was hypothesized that both EC and SMC respond to shear stress, which alters the expression of factors in coagulation and fibrinolysis. METHODS: A co-culture of human saphenous vein EC (HSVEC) and human saphenous vein SMC (HSVSMC) was exposed to shear, following which the cells were separated. Gene expression of tissue factor, thrombomodulin (TM), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) were analyzed with real-time RT-PCR. Protein expression was studied with ELISA. In HSVEC, the expression of PAI-1 (x2.1), tPA (x1.8), uPA (x1.6), tissue factor (x2.5) and TM (x1.9) was upregulated after 4 h of shear compared to controls. After 24 h of shear, expression was still upregulated in tPA (x2.3) and TM (x1.6). In HSVSMC, change in expression of PAI-1 (x2.1) was present after 4 h and in uPA (x2.1), and TM (x0.4) after 24 h. Both HSVEC and HSVSMC responded to shear, which led to altered expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. This indicates that SMC, and interactions between EC and SMC, are more important in the regulation of vascular wall hemostasis than earlier studies have reported.
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| 5. |
- Hjalmarsson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Does Epidermal Growth Factor Participate in the Regulation of Glucose, Insulin and Glucagon Levels?
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 38:4, s. 377-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background/Aims:</i> The presence of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) on β cells in the rat pancreatic islets has been established, but the physiological role remains to be settled. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EGF on glucose homeostasis. <i>Methods:</i> Fasted rats were treated with intraperitoneal injections of 10, 40 or 80 µg/kg body weight, either with EGF or 1% bovine serum albumin (controls). In a second experiment, fasted rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg glucose/kg body weight, followed by an injection of EGF or bovine serum albumin. Blood was drawn before the injections and at different time points afterwards. The plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured. <i>Results:</i>A modest elevation of the concentrations of glucose and insulin in plasma during the study was found in fasted rats in experiment 1. The increase in insulin concentration was attenuated by EGF, but after glucose injection this effect was reversed. Plasma glucagon levels were dose-dependently elevated by EGF and increased instead of decreased after glucose injection. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our data suggest that EGF might play an important role in the regulation of glucagon secretion by preventing the lowering effect of glucose on plasma glucagon levels.
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| 6. |
- Manjer, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Parity in relation to risk of axillary lymph node involvement in women with breast cancer. Results from Swedish population-based series of 3,472 consecutive cases.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 37:3, s. 179-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objective:</i> To investigate the association between parity and axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) at breast cancer diagnosis. <i>Methods:</i> One surgeon has reviewed all breast cancer cases in Malmö, Sweden, diagnosed 1961–1991. This study includes the 3,472 women who had a first-time diagnosis of unilateral invasive breast cancer, and who had undergone axillary dissection. Information was collected regarding date of birth, date of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, menopausal status, tumour size, histological type, tumour location, type of surgery, stage (ALNI), and parity. Parity was investigated in relation to ALNI using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, yielding odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analyses were repeated in different strata with regard to birth-years cohort, age at diagnosis, and period of diagnosis. <i>Results:</i> High parity was associated with ALNI, the adjusted OR for ALNI among women with 4 or more children was 1.56 (1.13–2.15). This association was stronger in comparatively old women (≧67.45 years), OR 1.78 (1.10–2.88). Considering parity a continuous variable, the OR for ALNI among all women was 1.06 (1.01–1.12). <i>Conclusions:</i> We conclude that women with 4 or more children had an increased risk of ALNI at breast cancer diagnosis.
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| 7. |
- Mellström, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of Subcutaneous Tissue PO(2) Reflect Oxygen Metabolism of the Small Intestinal Mucosa during Hemorrhage and Resuscitation. An Experimental Study in Pigs.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 42:2, s. 122-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The first tissues to be deprived of perfusion and oxygenation in a hypovolemic situation and the last ones to be reperfused are the subcutaneous tissue and the gastrointestinal mucosa. We hypothesized that measurements of subcutaneous tissue gases and pH might reflect simultaneous changes in oxygenation of the intestinal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue gases and pH as measures of tissue oxygenation and tissue oxygen metabolism in subcutaneous and intestinal tissues simultaneously. Material and Methods: Five out of 17 domestic pigs (weight 21-25 kg) were used as controls without bleeding. Twelve animals were bled in 3 steps, 10% of their calculated blood volume at each step. The removed blood, crystalloid and colloid were thereafter infused, and animals were stabilized for 30 min. Measurements were made after each step of bleeding, retransfusion and stabilization. Before bleeding, all animals had a sensor (Paratrend 7trade mark) implanted subcutaneously in the left groin for measurements of tissue gases and pH (P(sc)O(2), P(sc)CO(2) and pH(sc)). Catheters were positioned in the jugular vein, portal vein, carotid artery, pulmonary artery and femoral artery for infusion, bleeding and oxygen monitoring. Via a midline laparotomy, 2 silicon tonometers (TRIPtrade mark sigmoid catheters) were positioned in the ileum and sigmoid colon for measurements of PCO(2) and pH (P(iI)CO(2), P(si)CO(2), pH(iI) and pH(si)). Blood flow in the portal vein was measured by an ultrasound probe (H6SB) and a Clark electrode (Cardiff tissue oxymeter) was used for serosal PO(2) measurements of the ileum (P(iI)O(2)) and sigmoid colon (P(si)O(2)). Results: After the first step of bleeding, P(sc)O(2) decreased from 64 +/- 17 to 56 +/- 22 mm Hg (SD; p < 0.05). P(sc)CO(2) and pH(sc) did not change. P(iI)CO(2) increased from 64 +/- 14 to 79 +/- 14 mm Hg (p < 0.05), P(si)CO(2) increased from 77 +/- 16 to 90 +/- 18 mm Hg (p < 0.05). pH(iI) decreased from 7.15 +/- 0.09 to 7.03 +/- 0.09 (p < 0.05). P(iI)O(2) and P(si)O(2) decreased, but not significantly until steps of further bleeding. After re-transfusion and stabilization, P(sc)O(2) and P(iI)CO(2) returned to baseline. Conclusion: Measurements of subcutaneous PO(2) are sensitive to bleeding and resuscitation and reflect oxygen metabolism in the small intestinal mucosa as measured by PCO(2) and pH.
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| 8. |
- Mirastschijski, U, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a matrix metalloproteinase activity and TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitor on intra-abdominal adhesions.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 37:1, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Formation of intra-abdominal adhesions depends, in part, on the activity of serine proteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are required for epithelialization of skin wounds but their involvement in mesothelialization of peritoneal wounds and in adhesion pathogenesis is not known. Early tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels have been proposed to reflect propensity to adhesion formation. OBJECTIVE: The impact of MMP activity and secreted TNF-alpha on peritoneal adhesion formation and healing was investigated through systemic administration of the synthetic broad-spectrum MMP and TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitor GM 6001. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats of 4-6 weeks of age were injected subcutaneously daily with GM 6001 100 mg/kg (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 10) starting two days before surgery. In each rat, two standardized peritoneal wounds, 20 mm x 5 mm, were made. One peritoneal wound was sutured whereas the contralateral wound healed by secondary intention. Adhesion formation and peritoneal healing, cell proliferation, and hydroxyproline concentrations were evaluated on postoperative day 7. RESULTS: Total serum TNF-alpha levels increased in vehicle-treated rats (p = 0.019) while GM 6001 treatment effectively prevented the rise in the postoperative phase (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the extent of adhesion formation (p = 0.67) between control (65.0%) and GM 6001-treated (61.5%) animals, or peritoneal wound healing or cell proliferation. Hydroxyproline levels increased in the wounds (p = 0.014) but were not different between the two groups (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Lack of a striking effect of the MMP and TACE antagonist GM 6001 on postoperative adhesions suggests that MMP activity and TNF-alpha might not be major adhesiogenic factors.
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| 9. |
- Monstein, Hans-Jurg, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Proenkephalin-A mRNA is widely expressed in tissues of the human gastrointestinal tract
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 38:5, s. 464-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It has been shown that the non-opioid effects of Met-enkephalin, which is derived from proenkephalin-A, are mediated through a specific opioid growth factor (OGF) receptor which is assumed to be involved in the control of cell growth. The expression and tissue location of proenkephalin-A mRNA in the gastrointestinal tract remains largely unknown. Methods: In this study we have analyzed the expression of proenkephalin-A mRNA in the human esophagus, gastrointestinal tract and surrounding organs by means of reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Results: The present study demonstrates proenkephalin-A mRNA expression in the human esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates proenkephalin-A mRNA expression in regions of the human esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder tissues which provides information for the future mapping of proenkephalin-A mRNA and protein expression/co-expression at the cellular level. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 10. |
- Monstein, Hans-Jurg, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in the human gastrointestinal tract
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 40:1, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Vasopressin and oxytocin are closely related peptides, and both exert effects on the gastrointestinal function. In the present study, we wanted to map the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs (V1a, V1b/V3, and V2) in nontumorous tissue biopsy specimens of human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. Methods: Total and polyA+ RNAs were isolated from human tissue biopsy specimens using an automated nucleic acid extractor and, subsequently, converted into single-stranded cDNA. Seminested PCR amplifications were carried out, using gene-specific V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor primers. The PCR amplicons were partially sequenced to confirm their identity. Results: The present study demonstrated the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs in human gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, lung, brain, and ovary. The expression pattern varied between different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In the colon ascendens, V1a receptor mRNA expression could not be detected in 3 out of 4 analyzed tissue biopsy specimens. On the other hand, all the vasopressin receptor mRNAs were expressed in all colon transversum biopsy samples. Conclusions: V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor mRNAs are widely expressed throughout human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. The data obtained provide information for further mapping and determination of the physiological role of the vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in normal and tumorous tissues.
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