| 1. |
- Argume, A., et al.
(författare)
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NOAA Image Data Acquisition to Determine Soil Moisture in Arequipa - Perú
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : IEEE. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 68:8, s. 1933-1936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, irrigations have been built on dry areas in Majes-Arequipa. Over time, the irrigations water forms moist areas in lower areas, which can have positive or negative consequences. Therefore, it is important to know in advance where the water from the new irrigation will appear. The limited availability of real-time satellite image data is still a hindrance to some applications. Data from environmental satellites NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) are available fee and license free. In order to receive data, users must obtain necessary equipment. In this work we present a satellite data acquisition system with an RTL SDR receiver, two 137-138 Mhz designed antennas, Orbitron, SDRSharp, WXTolmag and MatLab software. We have designed two antennas, a Turnstile Crossed dipole antenna with Balun and a quadrifilar helicoidal antenna. The antennas parameter measurements show very good correspondence with those obtained by simulation. The RTL SDR RTL2832U receiver, combined with our antennas and software, forms the system for recording, decoding, editing and displaying Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) signals. The results show that the satellite image receptions are sufficiently clear and descriptive for further analysis.
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| 2. |
- Betta, Gian-Franco Dalla, et al.
(författare)
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Comments by the Senior Editor
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 69:4, s. 647-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 7th edition of the International Conference on “Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications” (ANIMMA) was held in Prague, Czech Republic, on June 21–25, 2021, in hybrid mode. The ANIMMA-2021 welcomed 320 attendees from 29 nationalities including 65 graduated students coming from academy, research institutes, and industry to discuss new scientific and technical prospects in all fields where nuclear instrumentation and measurements techniques play a major role. 30% of the attendees participated physically and 70% attended remotely.
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| 3. |
- Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco, et al.
(författare)
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Comments by the Senior Editor
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 67:4, s. 543-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sixth edition of the International Conference on “Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications” (ANIMMA) was held in Portorož, Slovenia, from June 17–21, 2019. The conference attracted almost 300 participants from 32 different countries, coming from academy, research institutes, and industry to discuss new scientific and technical prospects in all fields where nuclear instrumentation and measurements techniques play a major role. The scientific program included 25 invited talks, 125 oral presentations, and 77 poster presentations on the following topics: fundamental physics; fusion diagnostics and technology; nuclear power reactors monitoring and control; research reactors; nuclear fuel cycle; decommissioning, dismantling, and remote handling; safeguards and homeland security; severe accident monitoring; environmental and medical sciences; and education, training, and outreach.
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| 4. |
- Metreveli, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Gamma Irradiation Effects on 4H-SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 70:12, s. 2597-2604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamma irradiation effects have been investigated on 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), where the devices were exposed under different biasing regimes such as saturation, cut-off, active, reverse, and zero bias. Since bipolar transistors can be affected by dose rate, three different dose rates were used during irradiation tests. Characterization was performed on the transistors, without irradiation but in situ to avoid delays between irradiation and characterization. The study explores the relationship between biasing conditions and their impact on radiation-induced degradation of SiC BJT transistors. From these experiments, it is clear that 4H-SiC bipolar transistors can withstand high gamma doses, in the worst case less than 22% degradation of the current gain was seen for doses of up to 2 Mrad(Si).
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| 5. |
- Porro, M., et al.
(författare)
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The MiniSDD-Based 1-Mpixel Camera of the DSSC Project for the European XFEL
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 68:6, s. 1334-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first DSSC 1-Mpixel camera became available at the European XFEL (EuXFEL) in the Hamburg area in February 2019. It was successfully tested, installed, and commissioned at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering Instrument. DSSC is a high-speed, large-area, 2-D imaging detector system optimized for photon science applications in the energy range between 0.25 and 6 keV. The camera is based on direct conversion Si sensors and is composed of 1024 × 1024 pixels of hexagonal shape with a side length of 136∼μm. The 256 application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) provide full parallel readout, comprising analog filtering, digitization, and in-pixel data storage. In order to cope with the demanding X-ray pulse time structure of the EuXFEL, the DSSC provides a peak frame rate of 4.5 MHz. The first Mpixel camera is equipped with miniaturized silicon drift detector (MiniSDD) pixel arrays. The intrinsic response of the pixels and the linear readout limit the dynamic range but allow one to achieve noise values of about 60 electrons r.m.s. at the highest frame rate. The challenge of providing high-dynamic range (104 photons/pixel/pulse) and single-photon detection simultaneously requires a nonlinear system front end, which will be obtained with the DEPFET active pixel technology foreseen for the advanced version of the camera. This technology will provide lower noise and a nonlinear response at the sensor level. This article describes the architecture of the whole detector system together with the main experimental results achieved up to now. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Preston, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Proton- and Neutron-Induced Single-Event Upsets in FPGAs for the PANDA Experiment
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 67:6, s. 1093-1106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-event upsets (SEUs) affecting the configuration memory of a 28-nm field-programmable gate array (FPGA) have been studied through experiments and Monte Carlo modeling. This FPGA will be used in the front-end electronics of the electromagnetic calorimeter in PANDA (Antiproton Annihilation at Darmstadt), an upcoming hadron-physics experiment. Results from proton and neutron irradiations of the FPGA are presented and shown to be in agreement with previous experimental results. To estimate the mean time between SEUs during operation of PANDA, a Geant4-based Monte Carlo model of the phenomenon has been used. This model describes the energy deposition by particles in a silicon volume, the subsequent drift and diffusion of charges in the FPGA memory cell, and the eventual collection of charges in the sensitive regions of the cell. The values of the two free parameters of the model, the sensitive volume side $d = 87$ nm and the critical charge $Q_{\text {crit}} = 0.23$ fC, were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. The results of the model agree well with both the proton and neutron data and are also shown to correctly predict the cross sections for upsets induced by other particles. The model-predicted energy dependence of the cross section for neutron-induced upsets has been used to estimate the rate of SEUs during initial operation of PANDA. At a luminosity of $1\cdot 10<^>{31}$ cm$<^>{-2}\,\,\text{s}<^>{-1}$ , the predicted mean time between upsets (MTBU) is between 120 and 170 h per FPGA, depending on the beam momentum.
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| 7. |
- Rathore, Vikram, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of Spatial Response of a Collimated Segmented HPGe detector for Gamma Emission Tomography by MCNP Simulations
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 69:4, s. 714-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have proposed a planar electronically segmented HPGe detector concept in combination with a multi-slit collimator for gamma emission tomography. In this work, the spatial resolution achievable by using the collimated segmented HPGe detector was evaluated, prior to the manufacture and operation of the detector. The spatial response of a collimated segmented HPGe detector concept was evaluated using simulations performed with Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code MCNP6. The full detector and multi-slit collimator system were modeled and for the quantification of the spatial response, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) was chosen as a performance metric. The MTF curve was obtained through the calculation of the Line Spread Function (LSF) by analyzing simulated projection data. In addition, tomographic reconstructions of the simulated simplified test objects were made to demonstrate the performance of the segmented HPGe detector in the planned application. For 662 keV photons, the spatial resolution obtained was approximately the same as the collimator slit width for both 100 and 150 mm long collimators. The corresponding spatial resolution at 1596 keV photon energy was almost twice the slit width for 100 mm collimator, due to the partial penetration of the high-energy gamma rays through the collimator bulk. For a 150 mm long collimator, an improved resolution was obtained.
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| 8. |
- Senis, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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A computational methodology for estimating the detected energy spectra of the gamma-ray flux from irradiated nuclear fuel
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 69:4, s. 703-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamma-ray spectrometry using collimated detectors is a well-established examination method for irradiated nuclear fuel. However, the feasibility of examining a particular nuclide of interest is subject to constraints; the peak must be statistically determinable with the desired precision and the total spectrum count rate in the detector should not cause throughput issues. Methods were assembled for gamma spectrum prediction to optimize instruments for gamma emission tomography and to enable a priori feasibility evaluation of determination of single peaks of irradiated nuclear fuel. The aim was to find reliable results (~10% accuracy) regarding total spectrum and peak count rates with faster computation time than a full-Monte Carlo approach. For this purpose, the method is based on depletion calculations with SERPENT2, a point-source kernel method for the collimator response, a rig response matrix and a detector response matrix, both computed with MCNP6. The computational methodology uses as input the fuel properties (dimensions, materials, power history, and cooling time), and the instrumental setup (collimator and detector dimensions and materials). The prediction method was validated using measured data from a high-burnup, short-cooled test fuel rodlet from the Halden reactor. Absolute count rates and ratios of characteristic peaks were compared between predicted and measured spectra, showing a total count rate overestimation of 7% and discrepancies between 2-20% for the single peaks (same order of magnitude of the uncertainty). This level of agreement is deemed sufficient for measurement campaigns planning, and the optimization of spectroscopic instruments for use in gamma scanning and tomography of nuclear fuel.
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| 9. |
- Valdes Santurio, Eduardo, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A revised version of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter link Daughterboard for the HL-LHC.
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 68:9, s. 2414-2420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) readout link and control Daughter Board (DB) is the central on-detector hub of the new TileCal electronics upgrade for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The DB, which has undergone gradual redesigns during development, provides the connection between the on- and off-detector electronics via bi-directional fiber optic links. Two CERN-developed, radiation hard GBTx ASICs receive LHC timing signals and configuration commands through 4.8 Gbps downlinks, which are in turn propagated to the front-end through Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale FPGAs. The Kintex FPGAs also continuously perform real-time readout and transmission of digitized Photomultiplier (PMT) samples, Detector Control System signals and monitoring data through redundant pairs of 9.6 Gbps uplinks. The DB design aims at minimizing single points of failure, and improving performance and reliability of the board. Apart from the GBTx devices, the DB design relies on radiation-qualified Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Mitigation of radiation-induced Single Event Upsets (SEU) in the FPGAs is performed by a combination of the Xilinx Soft Error Mitigation (SEM) utility and Triple Mode Redundancy (TMR) schemes in the FPGA firmware. Data integrity is protected through Forward Error Correction (FEC) in the downlinks and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) error verification in the redundant uplinks. This paper presents the latest revision of the DB (version 6), a redesign that addresses Single Event Latch-up (SEL) behavior observed in the Kintex Ultrascale+ FPGAs used in the previous revision, and features a more robust power circuitry combined with an improved current monitoring scheme, enhanced performance of the ADC read-out, and improved timing performance.
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