| 1. |
- Norlin, Nils, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence spectroscopic properties analysed within the extended Förster theory with application to Biomacromolecular systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluorescence. - : Springer. - 1053-0509 .- 1573-4994. ; 19:5, s. 837-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extended Förster theory (EFT) of electronic energy transport accounts for translational and rotational dynamics, which are neglected by the classical Förster theory (FT). EFT has been developed for electronic energy transfer within donor-acceptor pairs [Isaksson, et al, Phys. 16 Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, 1941(2007)] and donor-donor pairs [Johansson, et al, J. Chem. Phys., 105, 10896 (1996); Norlin, et al, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 6962(2008)]. For donors that exhibit different or identical non-exponential fluorescence relaxation within a donor-donor pair, the process of reverberating energy migration is reversible to a higher or lower degree. Here the impact of the EFT has been studied with respect to its influence on fluorescence quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes as well as depolarisation experiments. The FT predicts relative fluorescence quantum yields which usually agree with the EFT within experimental accuracy, however, substantial deviations occurs in the steady-state and in particular the time-resolved depolarisation data.
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| 2. |
- Enghag, Margareta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Talking physics during small-group work with context rich problems : analysed from an ownership perspective
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - New York : Springer. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774. ; 7:3, s. 455-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides analyses of the conversations when university students work in small groups solving context-rich physics problems. We constructed context-rich, open-ended physics problems related to everyday life situations that lack some information required to solve and complete the tasks. The students' ownership of learning, their actions of choice and control, was analyzed in two dimensions: group and individual. Conversation analyses and flowcharts of the conversation were constructed from the complete transcripts of three groups. The theoretical framework for student ownership of learning demonstrated that it was possible to show that even if students have group ownership of the task, the individual student ownership of learning is not self-evident. The study also demonstrates the methodological power and value of the flowchart to identify conversation patterns in the groups that were effective in the search for exploratory talks and individual questions. We discuss implications for teacher development to enhance group work
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| 3. |
- Lindh, Thomas, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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EU Economic Growth and the Age Structure of the Population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Economic Change and Restructuring. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-9414 .- 1574-0277. ; 42:3, s. 159-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We test the robustness of correlations between age structure and economic growth in EU15 countries by replicating a previous OECD study. A hump-shaped relation with the age structure is confirmed where increases in the dependent age group shares are associated with decreasing GDP growth rates. In addition we confirm that the peak of the hump is in the upper part of the working age population. Models estimated on data up to 1990 agree quite well when data for 15 more years are added. Sensitivity tests, instrumented regressions and addition of control variables do not change this conclusion. Thus, the age profile of correlations between age and economic growth is robust over time. This motivates a prospective analysis of future effects ageing will have on EU growth. The basic conclusion from this exercise is that ageing will be accompanied by stagnation in GDP growth, but at rather different time horizons.
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| 4. |
- Skärsäter, Ingela, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence and recovery from majordepression : A four-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 107:Suppl. 1, s. S54-S54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe aim of this exploratory study was to identify and follow persons with a first episode of major depression to determine whether sense of coherence changes over time. An additional purpose was to assess whether sense of coherence relates to depressive symptoms, aggression, and functional status either immediately following diagnosis or at four years post-diagnosis.MethodsThe study design was longitudinal; subjects participated in semi-structured interviews and completed surveys every 6 months starting at diagnosis and concluding 4 years later. The sample consisted of thirty-three adult patients who were being treated for first episode of major depression (DSM-IV). Sense of coherence was measured using Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), depressive symptoms using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, aggression, including a total score and subscales of anger and hostility, using the AQ Aggression Questionnaire — revised Swedish Version, and functional status using Global Assessment of Functioning scale and SF-36 Health Survey. The data were analyzed using Pearson's product moment correlation and repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsAt baseline, SOC was significantly correlated with total aggression (r = − 45) and the hostility subscale (r = − .73); baseline SOC was unrelated to depressive symptoms or functional status. SOC increased significantly over the time (p < .0001). At the four-year follow-up, SOC was significantly related to depressive symptoms (r = − .60), the aggression summary score (r = − .65), the anger subscale (r = − .52), the hostility subscale (r = − .77), the GAF (r = .64), and the physical and mental health components of the SF-36 (r = .74 and .72, respectively).ConclusionThe finding that SOC increases as patients recover from MD suggests that treatment for depression may also bolster the patient's ability to cope, in addition to lowering depressive symptoms. The relationship between SOC and aggression in MD, with higher SOC correlated with lower aggression, needs to be examined further. © 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Discounting and Relative Prices
- 2007
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 84, s. 265-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Westerlund, Tommy, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The quality of self-care counselling by pharmacy practitioners, supported by IT-based clinical guidelines.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pharmacy world & science : PWS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 29:2, s. 67-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the study was to assess the quality of self-care counselling from pharmacy practitioners, supported by national clinical guidelines. The research questions addressed (1) the distribution of symptoms among customers in need of self-care counselling, (2) the quality of the self-care advice provided by pharmacy practitioners, (3) the degree of customer compliance with appropriate pharmacy advice versus the extent of symptom relief, (4) and versus a subsequent medical care visit, and (5) which resource the customers would have turned to in the first place for their ailments, had the pharmacy practitioner not been available. SETTING: Three large community pharmacies with non-prescription self-selection departments in central Sweden. METHODS: Ten pharmacy practitioners counselled all customers > or = 18 years old, with whom a dialogue was initiated on advice or products for self-care. The counselling was based on national clinical guidelines for self-care advice in the form of a software decision support program. The data collection consisted of documentation of background customer information, independent assessments of the quality of the advice provided and of telephone follow-ups. RESULTS: Of all documented symptoms (n = 250), the most common were allergy (26.4%), musculoskeletal symptoms (8.4%) and dyspepsia (7.2%). Independent assessments of the documentation by a physician and a pharmacist found that self-care advice was appropriate to give 97.6% of the customers and that the advice provided was correct in 88.4% of the cases. In total, 217 cases (86.8%) were fully approved by both the physician and the pharmacist. Among the 182 customers who claimed that they complied completely with appropriate advice provided, 135 (74.2%) experienced a great improvement in symptoms. Among the 21 who had only partly followed the advice, six (28.6%) reported the same level of improvement (p < 0.001). If the pharmacy practitioner had not been available, 56.8% of the customers would have turned to medical care in the first instance. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the high quality of pharmacy practitioners' self-care counselling supported by IT-based national clinical guidelines, including a favourable impact on customers' ailments. Furthermore, it reveals that pharmacy practitioners greatly relieve the pressure on the health-care system, resulting in reduced costs to society.
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| 7. |
- Hulterström, Anna Karin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Wettability, water sorption and water solubility of seven silicone elastomers used for maxillofacial prostheses
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 19:1, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wettability, water sorption and solubility of silicone elastomers used for maxillofacial prostheses were studied. The hypothesis was, that a material that has absorbed water would show an increase in the wettability and thus also the surface free energy of the material.Seven silicone elastomers, both addition- and condensation type polymers, were included. Five specimens of each material were subjected to treatment according to ISO standards 1567:1999 and 10477: 2004 for water sorption and solubility. The volumes of the specimens were measured according to Archimedes principle. The contact angle was measured with a contact angle goniometer at various stages of the sorption/solubility test.Wettability changed over the test period, but not according to theory. The addition type silicones showed little or no sorption and solubility, but two of the condensation type polymers tested had a significant sorption and solubility. This study showed that condensation type polymers may show too large volumetric changes when exposed to fluids, and therefore should no longer be used in prosthetic devices. The results of this study also suggests that it might be of interest to test sorption and solubility of materials that are to be implanted, since most of the materials had some solubility.
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| 8. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based case-control study on viral infections and vaccinations and subsequent multiple sclerosis risk.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 24:9, s. 541-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral infections are probably involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). A recent cohort study in the Gothenburg population revealed no change in MS incidence associated with the introduction of the Swedish measles, mumps and rubella vaccination programmes. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether these infections or vaccinations, and two other infections, varicella and infectious mononucleosis, influence MS risk. We performed a population-based case-control study in Gothenburg that included 509 MS cases and 2,067 controls, born 1959-1986. Data on infections and vaccinations were obtained from questionnaires and from child health and school health records. We found no significant associations between measles, mumps, rubella or varicella and MS risk. These results were consistent between the two source materials. Infectious mononucleosis was associated with significantly higher MS risk (odds ratio 2.03, 95% CI 1.52-2.73). Overall, there was no significant association between measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination and MS risk, while those MMR vaccinated before age ten only were at significantly higher MS risk (odds ratio 4.92, 95% CI 1.97-12.20). Those MMR vaccinated both before and after age ten had intermediate MS risk. Infection with measles, mumps, rubella and varicella did not influence MS risk in contrast to infectious mononucleosis which conferred doubled MS risk. The association with 'early' MMR vaccination only was an isolated finding, limited by a small number of subjects and multiple testing. Most likely this was a chance finding. Future studies could investigate it on an a priori basis.
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| 9. |
- Benedet Perea, Susana, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning of two Atlantic salmon growth hormone receptor isoforms and in vitro ligand-binding response.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-1742 .- 1573-5168. ; 31:4, s. 315-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two isoforms of the full-length cDNA of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; ss) were cloned by a PCR approach using RACE. Respectively, the cDNA sequences of ssGHR isoforms 1 and 2 are 2654 and 2608 nucleotides long, with 1782 and 1773 nucleotide ORFs. The resulting coded proteins are 594 and 590 aa long, with 19 and 20 aa signal peptides. The two isoforms share 86% protein and 87% cDNA sequence similarity. Isoform 1 is most similar to other salmonid GHR isoforms 1 while isoform 2 is most similar to salmonid GHR isoforms 2 (93–95%). Similarity with other teleost species was lower (37–44%). The bioactivity of the cloned ssGHR was tested by transfecting the ssGHR isoform 1 cDNA into CHO-K1 hamster cells, incubating with recombinant salmon GH (sGH) or native ovine prolactin (oPRL), and measuring cell proliferation by the MTT assay. The ssGHR-transfected cells significantly increased proliferation when stimulated by sGH at all concentrations. oPRL stimulated ssGHR-transfected cells at higher concentrations due to receptor cross reaction. ssGHR isoforms 1 and 2 contain a single transmembrane domain and the typical conserved motifs found in other teleost GHRs, including four paired cysteine residues and five potential N-glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain, Box I and Box II, as well as seven potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the intracellular domain. However, in salmonids, these motifs differ from those of other teleosts, and could be responsible for differentiated hormone binding, signal transduction and response.
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| 10. |
- Blomgren, K. J., et al.
(författare)
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Interviewer variability - quality aspects in a case-control study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Epidemiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 21:4, s. 267-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality assurance and quality control are important for the reliability of case-control studies. Here we describe the procedures used in a previously published study, with emphasis on interviewer variability. To evaluate risk factors for acute pancreatitis, information including previous diagnoses and medication was collected from medical records and by telephone interviews from 462 cases and 1781 controls. Quality assurance procedures included education and training of interviewers and data validity checks. Quality control included a classification test, annual test interviews, expert case validation, and database validation. We found pronounced variations between interviewers. The maximal number of interviews per day varied from 3 to 9. The adjusted average (95% CI) number of diagnoses captured per interview of cases was 4.1 (3.8-4.3) and of controls 3.5 (3.4-3.7) (excluding one deviating interviewer). For drugs, the average (95% CI) number per interview was 3.9 (3.7-4.1) for cases and 3.3 (3.2-3.4) for controls (excluding one deviating interviewer). One of the fourteen interviewers deviated significantly from the others, and more so for controls than for cases. This interviewer's data ;were excluded. Nonetheless, data concerning controls more frequently needed correction and supplementation than for cases. Erroneous coding of diagnoses and medication was also more frequent among controls. Thus, a system for quality control of coding practices is crucial. Variability in interviewers' ability to ascertain information is a possible source of bias in interview-based case-control studies when "blinding" cannot be achieved.
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