| 1. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthened General Self-Efficacy with Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave : A Randomised Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 28:4, s. 691-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation interventions on self-efficacy, for women on long-term sick leave ≥ 1 year due to chronic pain and/or mental illness. Methods This study uses data from a randomised controlled trial consisting of two phases and comprising 401 women on long-term sick leave. They were allocated to either (1) a multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control group. Data were collected through repeated measurements from self-reported questionnaires before intervention, 6 and 12 months later and registry data. Data from measurements of general self-efficacy, sociodemographics, anxiety and depression were analysed with linear regression analyses. Results During the intervention period, the women in the TEAM group’s self-efficacy mean increased from 2.29 to 2.74. The adjusted linear regression model, which included group allocation, sociodemographics, self-efficacy pre-treatment, anxiety and depression showed increased self-efficacy for those in the TEAM intervention at 12 months (B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41). ACT intervention had no effect on self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.16 to 0.19). The results in the adjusted model also showed that higher self-efficacy at pre-treatment was associated with a higher level of self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.81). Conclusion A multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention increased self-efficacy in women on sick leave for an extremely long time (mean 7.8 years) who had a low mean level of self-efficacy prior to inclusion. Thus, self-efficacy needs to be addressed in vocational rehabilitation.
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| 2. |
- Chorell, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma metabolomic response to postmenopausal weight loss induced by different diets
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Menopause is associated with increased abdominal fat and increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objectives The present study evaluated the plasma metabolic response in relation to insulin sensitivity after weight loss via diet intervention. Methods This work includes two studies; i) Ten women on a 5 weeks Paleolithic-type diet (PD, 30 energy percent (E%) protein, 40 E% fat, 30 E% carbohydrates), ii) 55 women on 6 months of either PD or Nordic Nutrition Recommendations diet (NNR, 15 E% protein, 30 E% fat, and 55 E% carbohydrates). Plasma metabolic profiles were acquired at baseline and post diet using gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and investigated in relation to insulin sensitivity using multivariate bioinformatics. Results Both the PD and NNR diet resulted in significant weight loss, reduced waist circumference, improved serum lipid profiles, and improved insulin sensitivity. We detected a baseline metabolic profile that correlated significantly with insulin sensitivity, and of which components increased significantly in the PD group compared to NNR. Specifically, a significant increase in myo-inositol (MI), a second messenger of insulin action, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-HB)increased while dihomogamma-linoleic acid (DGLA) decreased in PD compared to NNR, which correlated with improved insulin sensitivity. We also detected a significant decrease in tyrosine and tryptophan, potential markers of insulin resistance when elevated in the circulation, with the PD but not the NNR. Conclusions Using metabolomics, we detected changes in the plasma metabolite profiles associated with weight loss in postmenopausal women by different diets. The metabolic profiles following 6 months of PD were linked to beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity compared to NNR.
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| 3. |
- Dugas, Lara R., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity-related metabolite profiles of black women spanning the epidemiologic transition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In developed countries, specific metabolites have been associated with obesity and metabolic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether a similar profile persists across populations of African-origin, at increased risk for obesity and related diseases. In a cross-sectional study of normal-weight and obese black women (33.3 +/- 6.3 years) from the US (N = 69, 65 % obese), South Africa (SA, N = 97, 49 % obese) and Ghana (N = 82, 33 % obese) serum metabolite profiles were characterized via gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. In US and SA women, BMI correlated with branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, as well as dopamine and aminoadipic acid. The relationship between BMI and lipid metabolites differed by site; BMI correlated positively with palmitoleic acid (16: 1) in the US; negatively with stearic acid (18: 0) in SA, and positively with arachidonic acid (20: 4) in Ghana. BMI was also positively associated with sugar-related metabolites in the US; i.e. uric acid, and mannitol, and with glucosamine, glucoronic acid and mannitol in SA. While we identified a common amino acid metabolite profile associated with obesity in black women from the US and SA, we also found site-specific obesity-related metabolites suggesting that the local environment is a key moderator of obesity.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lingefjärd, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The Elusive Slope
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774. ; 16:6, s. 1187-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In understanding upper secondary school students’ interpretations of information in graphical representations of a distance–time graph and an ECG graph, little attention has been paid to the analysis of the condition of the conceptual development related to their utterances. Understanding this better can help improve the teaching of interpretations of information in graphical representations of different situations. This paper integrates results from 2 studies and 3 theoretical perspectives: Tall and Vinner’s theoretical perspectives on learning, Chi’s ontological perspectives on conceptual development and Friel’s theoretical perspectives on interpretation of graphical information. The findings provide evidence to support the conjecture that iconic interpretations could be stimulated and generated as a result of student categorisation of a distance–time graph as an event, when in fact the graph is being used to describe and communicate a process. The outcome further indicates that students found a resemblance between the ECG diagram and the periodic function of f(x) = sin(x).
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| 6. |
- Sheridan, Sonja, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool as an Arena for Developing Teacher Knowledge Concerning Children’s Language Learning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Early Childhood Education Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1082-3301 .- 1573-1707. ; 45:3, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most important benefits of international comparisons are the indications that make hidden national characteristics visible and shed new light on the system in each country. From a comparative perspective, this article explores what Swedish and Norwegian preschool teachers emphasise as important to preschool student teachers about preschool as an arena for children’s language learning. The theoretical framework of the study is based on ecological system theories (Bronfenbrenner in The ecology of human development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1979; Bronfenbrenner in Dev Psychology 22(6):723–742, 1986) and socio-cultural theories concerning language learning (Vygotsky in Thought and language, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1986). The data are produced through interviews with 69 Swedish and 35 Norwegian preschool teachers. The analyses focused on what the preschool teachers stated to be the most important elements to work with concerning children’s language learning, how and why they worked like this, and what rationales may have led to their pedagogy. The two countries seem quite alike in terms of the values embedded in early childhood education and political ideas concerning a rich childhood based on play and democratic ideals. By comparing the two countries, the results reveal differences that can lead to a deeper knowledge of cultural concepts that are often taken for granted, such as pedagogical approaches, and how these create different conditions for children’s preschool language learning.
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| 7. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952
(författare)
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Beyond IPCC, Research for Paris 2015 and Beyond
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 62:2, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Topor, Alain, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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After the Asylum? The New Institutional Landscape
- 2016
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Ingår i: Community mental health journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-3853 .- 1573-2789. ; 52:6, s. 731-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades services to people with severe mental health problems have gone through important changes. Terms as de-, trans-, reinstitutionalisation and dehospitalisation has been used. The objective of the study was to collected data about the changes in a welfare society about the new institutional landscape after the mental hospital area. Data about interventions from social welfare agencies, psychiatric care, and prisons were collected from local and national register as well as data about cause of death and socio-economic status for 1355 persons treated with a diagnosis of psychosis in a Stockholm area 2004–2008. Psychiatric in-patient care and prisons are marginalized. Different interventions in open care touched a very large number of persons. Social welfare agencies play an increasing role in this context. The total institutions have been replaced by a network of micro-institutions sometimes offering help but also control.
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| 9. |
- Zhdanov, Vladimir, 1952
(författare)
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Global diffusion limitations during the initial phase of the formation of a protein corona around nanoparticles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0092-0606 .- 1573-0689.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, I illustrate analytically how the global diffusion limitations can influence the first phase of the protein-corona formation at nanoparticles under conditions of intravascular injection. In particular, the concentrations of proteins near the boundaries of the injection region are shown to be comparable with those far from the region. In contrast, the concentrations of proteins inside the injection region may be dramatically smaller than those outside, and the ratio of these two concentrations for proteins of different size may be much higher, by a few orders of magnitude, for smaller proteins. These differences in the spatial distribution of proteins are expected to play a key role in the Vroman effect at the onset of the protein-corona formation.
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| 10. |
- Zhdanov, Vladimir, 1952
(författare)
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Nanoparticles without and with protein corona: van der Waals and hydration interaction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0092-0606 .- 1573-0689. ; 45:3, s. 307-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The van der Waals (vdW) interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) in general, and especially between metal NPs, may be appreciable, and may result in nanoparticle aggregation. In biofluids, NPs become rapidly surrounded by a protein corona (PC). Here, the vdW and hydration interaction of NPs with and without PC are compared in detail. The focus is on two widely used types of NPs fabricated of SiO2 and Au and possessing weak and strong vdW interactions, respectively. For SiO2, the presence of PC increases the vdW interaction, but it remains relatively weak and insufficient for aggregation. For Au, the presence of PC decreases the vdW interaction, and in the case of small NPs (≤ 40 nm in diameter) it may become insufficient for aggregation as well while the larger NPs can aggregate.
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