| 1. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Daily physical activity related to body fat in children aged 8-11 years
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 149:1, s. 38-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the association between objectively measured daily Study design Cross-sectional, observational, study of 248 children aged 7.9 to 11.1 years. Abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 4 days. Results Total body fat expressed as a percentage of body mass was inversely related to minutes of vigorous physical activity per day, for all children r = -0.38 (P < .05). Children, both boys and girls, in the highest quartile of body fat performed on average 12 minutes less vigorous activity per day compared with their counterparts in the lowest quartile. Multiple regression analysis revealed that independent factors for body fat were number of minutes of vigorous activity per day and sex. Conclusion Low physical activity can be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. Only longitudinal studies, however, can give more definitive information about the relation between daily physical activity and obesity.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dsilna, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Continuous feeding promotes gastrointestinal tolerance and growth in very low birth weight infants
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 147:1, s. 43-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of continuous versus intermittent feeding on gastrointestinal tolerance and growth in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized, controlled trial conducted at 3 neonatal units, 70 premature infants with a gestational age 24 to 29 weeks and birth weight < 1200 g were assigned to 1 of 3 feeding methods: continuous nasogastric feeding, intermittent nasogastric feeding, or intermittent orogastric feeding. Feeding was initiated within 30 hours of birth. Daily enteral and parenteral volumes, caloric and protein intakes, growth, enteral intolerance, and clinical complications were recorded. Cox regression analysis was used to determine primary outcome, the time to achieve full enteral feeding. RESULTS: The continuously fed infants achieved full enteral feeding significantly faster than the intermittently fed infants (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 3.22). In stratified analysis according to birth weight, the improvement was even more pronounced in the smallest infants, those with birth weight < or = 850 g (adjusted HR = 4.13; 95% CI = 1.48 to 11.53). Growth rate was significantly faster in the continuously fed infants ( P = .002). CONCLUSION: In VLBW infants, continuous feeding seems to be better than intermittent feeding with regard to gastrointestinal tolerance and growth.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Koch, Felix-Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological Stress and Obesity
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 153:6, s. 839-844
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether there is a relationship between psychological stress in the family and obesity in 5- to 6-year-old children. Study design: A total of 7443 Swedish families reported on psychological stress across 4 domains as part of the prospective All Babies in Southeast Sweden-project (ABIS). Domains assessed included serious life events, parenting stress, lack of social support, and parental worries. These variables were summarized in cross-sectional and longitudinal composite measures of psychological stress. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for childhood obesity for psychological stress. Results: A total of 4.2% of the children were obese according to age-adjusted international standards. Children from families that reported stress in at least 2 of the 4 domains assessed had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios (OR) for obesity, both cross-sectionally (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5; P < .01.) and longitudinally (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.4, P < .01). Conclusion: Psychological stress in the family may be a contributing factor for childhood obesity. This finding underscores how important it is to give children with obesity and their families psychological and social support in addition to recommendations about changing life style.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kwak, Lydia, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between physical activity, fitness, and academic achievement.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 155:6, s. 914-918.e1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To explore the associations between objectively assessed intensity levels of physical activity and academic achievement and test whether cardiovascular fitness mediates the association between physical activity and academic achievement.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional data were gathered in Swedish 9th-grade students (n = 232; mean age = 16 years; 52% girls). School grades, pubertal phase, skinfold thickness, cardiovascular fitness, and physical activity were measured objectively. Mother's education, family structure, and parental monitoring were self-reported. Data were analyzed with linear regression analyses.RESULTS: After controlling for confounding factors, academic achievement was associated with vigorous physical activity in girls (beta = .30, P < .01; explained variance of the model 26%), which remained after inclusion of fitness (beta = .23, P < .05; explained variance 29%). The association was not mediated by fitness. In boys, academic achievement was associated with pubertal phase (beta = .25, P < .05). After inclusion of fitness, it was only associated with fitness (beta = .25, P < .05; explained variance of the model 30%).CONCLUSION: In girls, academic achievement was associated with vigorous physical activity and not mediated by fitness, whereas in boys only fitness was associated with academic achievement. Further studies are necessary to investigate the potential longitudinal effect of vigorous physical activity on academic achievement, the role of fitness herein and the implications of these findings for schools.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Latini, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Abnormal oral vascular network pattern geometry: A new clinical sign of Down syndrome
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 148:1, s. 132-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Down syndrome is a leading genetic cause of mental retardation. Here, we show high fractal dimensions and Lempel-Ziv complexity and lower minimum path fractal dimension (P <= .0006) for the oral vascular networks of patients (n = 14) and their unaffected parents. This newly recognized sign may provide a useful phenotypical marker for identifying couples potentially at risk for offspring with Down syndrome.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mikkola, Kaija, et al.
(författare)
-
Fetal growth restriction in preterm infants and cardiovascular function at five years of age
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 151:5, s. 494-499
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives We have previously reported an increased cardiac workload in newborn preterm small (SGA) infants, but not in infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA). We hypothesized that these cardiovascular changes win persist at follow-tip at 5 years of age. Study design We assessed blood pressure, echocardiography, and shin perfusion with laser Doppler flowmetry in 22 SGA (S21 +/- 248 g. 28.5 +/- 2:5 gestational weeks) and in 25 AGA (1065 +/- 241 g, 27.6 +/- 0.8 weeks) preterm children at age 5 years. Laser Doppler flowmetry also was used in 13 control children (3982 +/- 425 g, 40.4 +/- 1.8 weeks). Results The preterm children in both the SGA and AGA groups had similar higher systolic blood pressures, increased interventricular septum thicknesses, and smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameters compared with population reference values. Maximal endothelium-independent perfusion to sodium nitroprusside was higher and maximal endothelium-dependent perfusion to acetylcholine reached a plateau earlier in the AGA preterm group than in the control group. Conclusions Prematurity may, impair cardiovascular function independently of intrauterine growth restriction. Altered cardiac dimensions and differences in perfusion responses may reflect increased cardiac afterload.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
