| 1. |
- Bolte, S
(författare)
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[Psychobiosocial interventions for autism]
- 2011
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Ingår i: Der Nervenarzt. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0407 .- 0028-2804. ; 82:5, s. 590-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Bruenner, Y. F., et al.
(författare)
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Targeting the brain through the nose. Effects of intranasally administered insulin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nervenarzt. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-2804 .- 1433-0407. ; 84:8, s. 949-954
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assumption that the human brain is an insulin-independent organ was disproved with the discovery of insulin receptors in the central nervous system in the year 1978. Evidence has been provided for a high density of insulin receptors in brain regions responsible for cognitive memory processes (hippocampus) and for the regulation of appetite (hypothalamus). Accordingly, in animal studies an increased insulin level in the central nervous system leads to an improvement of hippocampal memory function and a decrease of food intake. Similar results were obtained in humans using the method of intranasal administration of insulin. Intranasal insulin reaches the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid via the olfactory epithelium and olfactory nerve fiber bundles leading through the lamina cribrosa to the olfactory bulb. Thus, this method renders the investigation of specific insulin effects in humans possible. The therapeutic potential of an intranasal insulin administration for the treatment of diseases for which an imbalance of the central nervous insulin metabolism is discussed (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity) can only be estimated with the help of further clinical studies.
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| 3. |
- Storch, A., et al.
(författare)
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Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire and Scale for Parkinson's disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nervenarzt. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-2804. ; 81:8, s. 980-985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisytem degenerative disorder. In addition to motor symptoms such as akinesia, rigidity and tremor, various non-motor symptoms occur, which are still insufficiently diagnosed. Moreover, the frequently used scales and scores do not adequately detect these non-motor symptoms. The Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest) is an established self-completed patient questionnaire with 30 qualitative questions covering all important non-motor symptoms of PD. The Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSScale) is a grade rating scale for estimating the frequency and severity of non-motor symptoms in PD. Since there are only original English versions of both questionnaires available, self-translated versions were frequently used or the questionnaires were not used at all in native German patients. We used international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires to provide standard versions of both non-motor symptoms questionnaires in the German language.
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