| 1. |
- Berger, A, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 75:2, s. 130-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has been shown to be present in certain brain tumors. In order to learn more about GAL and its receptors in human tumors of the peripheral nervous system, we investigated the expression of the GAL peptide and the GAL receptors in tumor tissue from childhood neuroblastic tumors. GAL peptide concentrations up to 674 ± 166 fmol/mg of tissue were detected by radioimmunoassay, but no significant correlation with standard tumor markers or the prognosis of the 14 patients investigated was observed. Ligand binding experiments showed different levels of GAL binding in all 28 primary neuroblastomas and 7 ganglioneuromas investigated. All three human GAL receptor subtypes cloned to date could be detected, with the GALR1 receptor subtype being expressed most prominently. GAL binding did not significantly correlate with genetic markers such as unfavorable DNA ploidy, amplification of the oncogene <i>MYC</i>N and allelic loss of chromosome 1p. However, low galanin binding was significantly correlated with survival (p = 0.021) in this limited analysis of neuroblastic tumor samples. These results raise the possibility that the expression of GAL binding sites may play a role in neuroblastic tumor biology and behavior.
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| 2. |
- Birzniece, Vita, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampus and raphe nuclei after gonadal hormone manipulation in female rats.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 74:2, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female ovarian steroids influence mood and cognition, an effect presumably mediated by the serotonergic system. A key receptor in this interplay may be the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtype. We gave adult ovariectomized female rats subcutaneous pellets containing different dosages of 17 beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone, or placebo pellets, for 2 weeks. 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the dorsal hippocampus, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and entorhinal cortex. Estradiol treatment alone reduced 5-HT(1A) gene expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA2 region (17 and 19% decrease, respectively). Estradiol combined with progesterone supplementation increased 5-HT(1A) gene expression versus placebo in the CA1 and CA2 subregions of the dorsal hippocampus (16 and 30% increase, respectively). Concomitantly, 5-HT(1A) mRNA expression was decreased by 13% in the ventrolateral part of the dorsal raphe nuclei, while no changes were found in the median raphe nucleus and entorhinal cortex. Chronic effects of ovarian hormones on 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression appear tissue-specific and involve hippocampal subregions and the raphe nuclei. Modulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression may be of importance for gonadal steroid effects on mood and cognition. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 3. |
- Diaz-Cabiale, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin/alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor interactions in feeding responses
- 2000
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 71:3, s. 209-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modulation of α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor-induced food intake by oxytocin has been evaluated in studies on food intake and by quantitative receptor autoradiography in the hypothalamus and the amygdala of the rat. The effects of lateral intracerebroventricular administration of clonidine and oxytocin were evaluated on food intake in satiated animals. Food consumption was measured at 30, 90, 240 min and 22 h (1,320 min) after injection. The coinjection of oxytocin and clonidine was found to counteract the increase in food intake produced by clonidine (p < 0.001) in satiated rats. Receptor autoradiographic experiments showed that oxytocin significantly increased the K<sub>d</sub> values of [<sup>3</sup>H]<i>p</i>-aminoclonidine α<sub>2</sub>-agonist-binding sites in the hypothalamus. Effective oxytocin concentrations ranged between 0.3 and 1 n<i>M</i> (p < 0.05) with a maximal action of 250% at 1 n<i>M</i>. The B<sub>max</sub> value was significantly increased (p < 0.05) for all concentrations of oxytocin. In the amygdala, oxytocin also increased both the K<sub>d</sub> of [<sup>3</sup>H]<i>p</i>-aminoclonidine-binding sites by about 190% at 1 n<i>M</i> and the B<sub>max</sub> values at 1 and 3 n<i>M</i> (p < 0.05). Oxytocin (1 n<i>M</i>) also significantly and substantially (p < 0.01) increased the K<sub>d</sub> and B<sub>max</sub> values of the [<sup>3</sup>H]UK 14.304 α<sub>2</sub>-agonist-binding sites in the hypothalamus and amygdala in agreement with the results obtained with the other agonist of the α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor [<sup>3</sup>H]<i>p</i>-aminoclonidine. This effect was partially blocked by the presence of the specific oxytocin receptor antagonist, CAP. These findings suggest the existence of an antagonistic oxytocin/α<sub>2</sub>-receptor interaction in the hypothalamus and amygdala that may be of relevance for the demonstrated modulation of α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor-induced feeding responses by oxytocin.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, AC, et al.
(författare)
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Biphasic autoregulation of mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA in the medial septal nucleus by aldosterone
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 75:6, s. 358-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The time-dependent action of aldosterone was analyzed on the regulation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNAs in the brain. Bilaterally adrenalectomized rats were injected subcutaneously with a single low dose of aldosterone (0.01 mg/kg, s.c.). By means of in situ hybridization MR and GR mRNA levels were studied in autoradiograms 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the hormone injection in brain regions related to stress responses, i.e. subregions of the dorsal hippocampus (CA1 to CA4 and dentate gyrus), the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and the septum. The findings show a biphasic regulation of MR mRNA levels in the medial septal nucleus with substantial increases after 4 h (79% increase) followed by substantial decreases in MR mRNA levels after 24 h (71% decrease), whereas no changes in MR mRNA levels were observed in the lateral septal nucleus. A negative autoregulation of hippocampal MR mRNA levels was observed only in the CA2 subregion (38% decrease) at the 8-hour time interval. Over the same time interval a negative cross-regulation of GR mRNA by aldosterone was observed in all hippocampal subfields (32–57% decrease) except in CA2. No changes in GR mRNA levels were found in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The time-dependent action of corticosterone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) was analyzed in the same animal model revealing no changes in MR mRNA levels in the medial and lateral septal nuclei. The present findings suggest that the medial septal nucleus shows a unique responsiveness to aldosterone in the adrenalectomized model in terms of biphasic changes in MR mRNA levels. Activated MR in the medial septal nucleus may therefore take part in the regulation of septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathways and thus of limbic circuits.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
- Qian, Bi-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Both substance P and its receptor are expressed in mouse intestinal T lymphocytes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 73:5, s. 358-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substance P (SP), one of the most prevalent neuropeptides in gut, has been reported to have potent immune modulatory effects as a proinflammatory agent. The synthesis of SP and SP receptor expression in intraepithelial and lamina propria T lymphocytes of mouse intestine was investigated. Using RT-PCR analysis, it was demonstrated that SP receptor mRNA was exclusively expressed in intraepithelial and lamina propria T lymphocytes as well as their purified CD4+, CD8+ and CD4-CD8-CD3+ subsets. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for the two precursors of SP, beta and gamma-preprotachykinin-A, were also detected. These results were consistent in lymphocytes from both epithelium and lamina propria of small and large intestines, although the frequencies and/or intensities of mRNA expression varied. However, none of the findings could be repeated in splenic T lymphocytes. Activation of splenocytes with anti-CD3epsilon-chain mAb and PMA did not induce expression of SP or its receptor mRNAs. Furthermore, both cytoplasmic and surface-bound SP was demonstrated in intestinal T lymphocytes using dual color immunocytochemistry and immunoflow cytometry. In vitro treatment with SP did not significantly change the size of the SP-immunoreactive T cell population, indicating the presence of SP receptor on intestinal T lymphocytes as well as in vivo binding of endogenously released SP. Our data suggest that SP production and SP receptor expression are distinctive for mouse intestinal mucosal immunity and that SP may act as a modulator of an ongoing controlled inflammation in normal gut, by acting through its specific receptor on T lymphocytes in an autocrine and/or paracrine pattern.
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| 8. |
- Ruszniewski, Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid and sustained relief from the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome : results from an open 6-month study of the 28-day prolonged-release formulation of lanreotide
- 2004
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 80:4, s. 244-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This 6-month, open, non-controlled, multicenter, dose-titration study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 28-day prolonged-release (PR) lanreotide in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Eligible patients had a carcinoid tumor with > or =3 stools/day and/or > or =1 moderate/severe flushing episodes/day. Six treatments of 28-day PR lanreotide were administered by deep subcutaneous injection. The dose for the first two injections was 90 mg. Subsequent doses could be titrated (60, 90, 120 mg) according to symptom response. Seventy-one patients were treated. Flushing decreased from a mean of 3.0 at baseline to 2.3 on day 1, and 2.0 on day 2, with a daily mean of 2.1 for the first week post-treatment (p < 0.05). Diarrhea decreased from a mean of 5.0 at baseline to 4.3 on day 1 (p < 0.05), and 4.5 on day 2, with a daily mean of 4.4 for the first week post-treatment (p < 0.001). Symptom frequency decreased further after the second and third injections, and reached a plateau after the fourth injection. By month 6, flushing and diarrhea had significantly decreased from baseline by a mean of 1.3 and 1.1 episodes/day, respectively (both p < or = 0.001); 65% of patients with flushing as the target symptom and 18% of diarrhea-target patients achieved > or =50% reduction from baseline. Median urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and chromogranin A levels decreased by 24 and 38%, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. 28-day PR lanreotide was effective in reducing the symptoms and biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Interventional treatment of the carcinoid syndrome
- 2004
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - 0028-3835. ; 80 Suppl 1, s. 67-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver metastases imply a major problem in patients with carcinoid tumours and hormone overproduction. Patients with distant metastases can undergo resection for potential cure or for symptom palliation. In patients with bilobar liver metastases other interventions are at hand, e.g. local ablation or hepatic arterial embolization. In selected cases liver transplantation can be a treatment alternative. Prior to all interventions patients with midgut carcinoids are protected with somatostatin analogues to reduce hormone secretion. Patients with foregut carcinoids may present special problems with life-threatening release of histamine during interventions.
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