| 1. |
- Asp, Margareta, professor, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical mobility, physical activity, and obesity among elderly : findings from a large population-based Swedish survey
- 2017
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 147, s. 84-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To examine how physical activity and physical mobility are related to obesity in the elderly. Study design A cross-sectional study of 2558 men and women aged 65 years and older who participated in a population survey in 2012 was conducted in mid-Sweden with an overall response rate of 67%. Methods Obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) was based on self-reported weight and height, and physical activity and physical mobility on questionnaire data. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regressions were used as statistical analyses. Results The overall prevalence of obesity was 19% in women and 15% in men and decreased after the age of 75 years. A strong association between both physical activity and obesity, and physical mobility and obesity was found. The odds for obesity were higher for impaired physical mobility (odds ratio [OR] 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.14–3.75) than for physical inactivity (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.28–2.08) when adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and fruit and vegetable intake. However, physical activity was associated with obesity only among elderly with physical mobility but not among those with impaired physical mobility. Conclusion It is important to focus on making it easier for elderly with physical mobility to become or stay physically active, whereas elderly with impaired physical mobility have a higher prevalence of obesity irrespective of physical activity.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Brinda, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic inequalities in health and health service use among older adults in India : results from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and adult health survey
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506. ; 141, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The objectives of this study were to measure socio-economic inequalities in self-reported health (SRH) and healthcare visits and to identify factors contributing to health inequalities among older people aged 50-plus years. Study design This study is based on a population-based, cross-sectional survey. Methods We accessed data of 7150 older adults from the World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and adult health Indian survey. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the correlates of poor SRH. We estimated the concentration index to measure socio-economic inequalities in SRH and healthcare visits. Regression-based decomposition analysis was employed to explore the correlates contributing to poor SRH inequality. Results About 19% (95% CI: 18%, 20%) reported poor health (n = 1368) and these individuals were significantly less wealthy. In total, 5134 (71.8%) participants made at least one health service visit. Increasing age, female gender, low social caste, rural residence, multimorbidity, absence of pension support, and health insurance were significant correlates of poor SRH. The standardized concentration index of poor SRH –0.122 (95% CI: –0.102; –0.141) and healthcare visits 0.364 (95% CI: 0.324, 0.403) indicated pro-poor and pro-rich inequality, respectively. Economic status (62.3%), pension support (11.5%), health insurance coverage (11.5%), social caste (10.7%) and place of residence (4.1%) were important contributors to inequalities in poor health. Conclusion Socio-economic disparities in health and health care are major concerns in India. Achievement of health equity demand strategies beyond health policies, to include pro-poor, social welfare policies among older Indians.
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| 4. |
- Costa, D., et al.
(författare)
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Male and female physical intimate partner violence and socio-economic position : a cross-sectional international multicentre study in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - UK : Elsevier. - 2198-1833 .- 1613-2238. ; 139, s. 44-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThis work explores the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and intimate partner violence (IPV) considering the perspectives of men and women as victims, perpetrators and as both (bidirectional).Study designCross-sectional international multicentre study.MethodsA sample of 3496 men and women, (aged 18–64 years), randomly selected from the general population of residents from six European cities was assessed: Athens; Budapest; London; Östersund; Porto; and Stuttgart. Their education (primary, secondary and university), occupation (upper white collar, lower white collar and blue collar) and unemployment duration (never, ≤12 months and >12 months) were considered as SEP indicators and physical IPV was measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales.ResultsPast year physical IPV was declared by 17.7% of women (3.5% victims, 4.2% perpetrators and 10.0% bidirectional) and 19.8% of men (4.1% victims, 3.8% perpetrators and 11.9% bidirectional). Low educational level (primary vs university) was associated with female victimisation (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 3.2; 1.3–8.0) and with female bidirectional IPV (4.1, 2.4–7.1). Blue collar occupation (vs upper white) was associated with female victimisation (2.1, 1.1–4.0), female perpetration (3.0, 1.3–6.8) and female bidirectional IPV (4.0, 2.3–7.0). Unemployment duration was associated with male perpetration (>12 months of unemployment vs never unemployed: 3.8; 1.7–8.7) and with bidirectional IPV in both sex (women: 1.8, 1.2–2.7; men: 1.7, 1.0–2.8).ConclusionsIn these European centres, physical IPV was associated with a disadvantaged SEP. A consistent socio-economic gradient was observed in female bidirectional involvement, but victims or perpetrators-only presented gender specificities according to levels of education, occupation differentiation and unemployment duration potentially useful for designing interventions.
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| 5. |
- Dimberg, Lennart, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction and death findings from a 22-year follow-up of a cohort of 980 employed Swedish men
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506. ; 175, s. 148-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In this article, we present death and myocardial infarction (MI) incidences over 22 years in relation to possible risk factors and their explanatory value. Study design: In 1993, 980 middle-aged Swedish men in an automotive industry were surveyed at a health checkup as part of the Renault-Volvo Coeur project. The Swedish cohort was revisited in 2015. Methods: In 2015, incident MIs were identified using postal questionnaires, hospital records, and the Swedish national MI and death registers. The statistical results were given as odds ratios (ORs) and pseudo-R-2 (PR2), showing the proportion of variation in risk explained by logistic models. Results: One hundred and four deaths (4.6 per 1000 person-years) and 89 first MIs (4.2 per 1000 person-years) were identified. The Framingham risk index showed the strongest association with MI (OR = 23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.42, 96.9), comparing the fifth quintile with the first. The all-cause death showed an OR of 3.2 (95% CI = 1.65, 6.08), with a suggested U-shape over quintiles. The percentages of PR2 for MI and death were 8.8% and 6.6%, respectively. All risk factors together explained 22% of the variation in risk of MI. Comparing mortality in men living alone with those married yielded an OR of 3.78, which was found to be statistically significant. The corresponding OR for MI was not significant. Conclusions: Traditional risk factors were confirmed but explained a modest proportion of the risk variation.
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| 6. |
- Godoy-Ramirez, K., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring childhood immunization among undocumented migrants in Sweden - following qualitative study and the World Health Organizations Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 171, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: National vaccination coverage in Sweden is high. Recurrent outbreaks of measles and rubella however highlight some immunity gaps in the population. Current knowledge about immunization status of undocumented migrant children is scant. The World Health Organization/Europe has developed the Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) to assist countries in diagnosing barriers and motivators to vaccination in communities with low vaccination coverage. Based on the TIP guide, the objective of this study was to explore determinants to vaccination among undocumented immigrants, using qualitative approach. Study design: The study consisted of three steps: (i) an initial workshop for problem statement; (ii) qualitative research for increased understanding of the vaccination practices of children in the undocumented community; and (iii) a second workshop to incorporate the qualitative interview findings together with data from key stakeholders into a conceptual framework. Methods: This was a qualitative study featuring interviews of seven undocumented parents recruited at non-governmental clinics, three nurses at Child Health Centers, and information from key stakeholders retrieved at workshops as part of the TIP process. Results: The content analysis revealed two main themes: parental fear of being questioned and parental acceptance of child immunization. Undocumented parents had a positive view and attitude toward childhood immunization but expressed strong fear of being asked for identification papers at healthcare facilities. Owing to lack of knowledge on entitlements of the undocumented among health personnel, parents were incorrectly rejected when seeking care for their children. Frequent mobility among undocumented may limit access to complete the immunization schedule. Undocumented parents mistrust healthcare providers and avoid health facilities, further delaying childrens' access to health care, including immunization services. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm the complexity of barriers that undocumented parents face regarding childhood immunization. The TIP guide offers a valuable process for a deeper understanding of the determinants of immunization challenges among undocumented migrants. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.
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| 7. |
- Gånedahl, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Work-site wellness programmes in Sweden : a cross-sectional study of physical activity, self-efficacy, and health
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 129:5, s. 525-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, a work-site wellness programme implies reimbursing some of the expenses for health-promoting activities. Although work-site wellness programmes are readily available in Sweden, a large number of employees elect not to participate.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity, self-reported general health assessment and self-efficacy with participation in a work-site wellness programme.STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was used.METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed to employees of a manufacturing company with 2500 employees in southwest Sweden.RESULTS: Those who took advantage of the work-site wellness programme assessed their general health as better and had higher assessment of physical activity. The study showed that being enlisted also implies a higher level of physical activity and general health; however, the effect sizes of these correlations were small. Self-efficacy, i.e. perceived behavioural control, was not associated with participation in the work-site wellness programme. However, self-efficacy was correlated with both general health assessment and physical activity. A regression analysis to determine explanatory contributions to the general health assessment score showed no significant contribution from participation in a work-site wellness programme, but was instead explained by perceived behavioural control and physical activity.CONCLUSIONS: Given the small effect size of the difference in physical activity between participators and non-participators in the work-site wellness programme, it is probable that only a small proportion of participators changed their health-promoting activities as a result of the work-site wellness programme.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kaarme, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Reassuringly low carriage of enteropathogens among healthy Swedish children in day care centres
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 140, s. 221-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases among children and has a considerable impact on health and socio-economy. Day care centres are highrisk environments for infections. The aim of this study was to investigate if asymptomatic preschool children constitute a reservoir for potential enteropathogens. Study design: In total, 438 individual diapers were collected from day care centres in Uppsala, Sweden, during spring and autumn, and molecular techniques were used to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of multiple enteropathogens. Methods: Faecal samples were analysed with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel; Luminex Corporation, Toronto, Canada) targeting 21 different pathogens. Samples with a median fluorescence intensity above threshold were re-analysed with a second PCR assay. Results: Sixteen of the 438 samples were positive for enteropathogens, 1.6% for enteric adenovirus, 0.7% for Campylobacter spp., and 0.7% for norovirus. Conclusions: Preschool children in Uppsala constitute a limited reservoir for potential enteropathogens
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