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- Fernando Chaves, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Spleen rates in children : an old and new surveillance tool for malaria elimination initiatives in island settings
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203 .- 1878-3503. ; 105:4, s. 226-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spleen rates (SR) have been traditionally used to estimate the burden of malaria transmission. Results are presented from 51 surveys, which measured SR and parasite rates (PR) in 29 962 individuals in the archipelago of Vanuatu. Indices for spleen size computed with multivariate statistical tools outperformed the WHO average spleen index and showed that spleen sizes in a population can track shifts in malaria transmission. In general, a positive linear relationship between Plasmodium spp. PR and SR was found for the archipelago. In the context of malaria elimination and for the specific setting of this study we found that spleen examination is a useful tool in post-malaria elimination surveillance. Finally, results highlight the value of measuring spleen sizes to rapidly assess the impact of intervention packages aimed at malaria elimination or control.
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- Trönnberg, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Household-based prevalence of helminths and parasitic protozoa in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, assessed from faecal vault sampling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203 .- 1878-3503. ; 104:10, s. 646-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was undertaken to examine the family-based prevalence of environmentally persistent parasites in two rural communities of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Samples were collected from 120 urine-diversion family toilets and screened for selected protozoa and helminths with immunomagnetic separation and the ammonium bicarbonate (AMBIC) protocol respectively. The parasites found were Ascaris lumbricoides (59%), Giardia intestinalis (54%), Trichuris trichiura (48%), Cryptosporidium spp. (21%) and Taenia spp. (18%). Only 14% of the household toilets were negative for these pathogens. The occurrence of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura was lower (P<0.001) in the area with better hygiene behaviour, whereas G. intestinalis was more common (P<0.05) in families with at least one child aged five years or less and in families with more than four persons. Quantification of the parasites per gram was done for each sample and this provided realistic risk assessment data for the reuse of material from urine-diversion toilets. The high occurrence of parasites found in the two communities, in spite of sanitation and hygiene interventions in the areas, suggests an endemicity that will not be reduced without de-worming campaigns. Finally, the study showed that sampling directly from the deposited faecal material may be useful for parasitic prevalence estimations.
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- Yamamoto, S, et al.
(författare)
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Household risk factors for clinical malaria in a semi-urban area of Burkina Faso : a case-control study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203 .- 1878-3503. ; 104:1, s. 61-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of malaria can be influenced by the household environment. The range of these risks can be more diverse in semi-urban areas, which can include a mix of different housing styles and environments. This study examined the effect of different housing and household characteristics on malaria risk among 98 case and 185 control children in the semi-urban area of Nouna, Burkina Faso. Characteristics were assessed via questionnaires and direct inspection. Those characteristics associated with a decreased risk of malaria were floors constructed of earth bricks and running water in the neighbourhood. Electrification of the home and house age of <10 years were associated with an increased risk of malaria. The findings of this study suggest that modification of the household environment could be a feasible way to reduce the risk of malaria, particularly in semi-urban areas.
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