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| 2. |
- Christensson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of inhaled budesonide: clinical manifestations of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Drug Safety. - 1179-1942. ; 31:11, s. 965-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is central to the long-term management of asthma and is extensively used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While administration via inhalation limits systemic exposure compared with oral or injected corticosteroids and, therefore, the risk of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects, concerns over the long-term safety of ICS persist. The assessment of the long-term effects of ICS therapy requires considerable research effort over years or even decades. Surrogate markers/predictors for clinical endpoints such as adrenal crisis, reduced final height and fractures have been identified for use in relatively short-term studies. However, the predictive value of such markers remains questionable.Inhaled budesonide has been available since the early 1980s and there is a considerable evidence base investigating the safety of this agent. To assess the long-term safety of inhaled budesonide therapy in terms of the actual incidence of the clinical endpoints adrenal crisis/insufficiency, reduced final height, fractures and pregnancy complications, we undertook a review of the scientific literature. The external databases BIOSIS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Current Contents, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and MEDLINE were searched, in addition to AstraZeneca's internal product literature database Planet, up to 29 February 2008. Only original articles of epidemiological studies, national surveys, clinical trials and case reports concerning inhaled budesonide were included.Eight surveys of adrenal crisis were found. The only survey with specified criteria for diagnosis involved 2912 paediatricians and endocrinologists and revealed 33 patients with adrenal crisis associated with ICS therapy; only one patient used budesonide (in co-treatment with fluticasone propionate). In addition, 14 case reports of adrenal crisis in budesonide-treated patients were found. In only two of these, budesonide was used at recommended doses and in the absence of interacting medication.Three retrospective studies and one prospective study assessing final height were found. None of them showed any reduced final height in patients receiving inhaled budesonide during childhood or adolescence.Seventeen epidemiological studies investigating the risk of fractures were found. When adjusting for confounding factors, they did not provide any unequivocal data for an increased fracture risk with budesonide. Four prospective placebo-controlled clinical trials of 2-6 years duration with inhaled budesonide in patients with asthma or COPD were found. None of the studies identified any association between inhaled budesonide and increased risk for fractures.Four studies using data from the Swedish birth and health registries showed there was no increased risk for congenital malformations, cardiovascular defects, decreased gestational age, birth weight or birth length among infants born to women using inhaled budesonide during pregnancy compared with the general population. This was confirmed by five observational studies in Australia, Canada, Hungary, Japan and the US. Similarly, one randomized clinical trial comparing pregnancy outcomes among asthma patients receiving inhaled budesonide or placebo did not demonstrate any difference in outcome of pregnancy.In summary, based on 25 years of experience with different doses and in different populations, inhaled budesonide therapy only in very rare cases appears to be associated with an increased risk of adrenal crisis, reduction in final height, increases in the number of fractures or complications during pregnancy.
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| 4. |
- Forsberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic evaluation of the Fe-Mn-Si system and the γ/ε martensitic transformation
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of phase equilibria (Print). - 1054-9714 .- 1544-1032. ; 14:3, s. 354-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermodynamic properties of the Fe-Mn-Si system are analyzed by means of thermodynamic models for the individual phases. Special attention is paid to the γ → ε martensitic transition. A complete set of parameters, from which arbitrary sections of the phase diagram as well as the Ms and As temperatures may be calculated, is given.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ledeganck, KJ, et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNAs in AKI and Kidney Transplantation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. - 1555-905X. ; 14:3, s. 454-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lee, PP, et al.
(författare)
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein regulates autophagy and inflammasome activity in innate immune cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1, s. 1576-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysregulation of autophagy and inflammasome activity contributes to the development of auto-inflammatory diseases. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of the actin cytoskeleton in modulating inflammatory responses. Here we show that deficiency of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), which signals to the actin cytoskeleton, modulates autophagy and inflammasome function. In a model of sterile inflammation utilizing TLR4 ligation followed by ATP or nigericin treatment, inflammasome activation is enhanced in monocytes from WAS patients and in WAS-knockout mouse dendritic cells. In ex vivo models of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri infection, WASp deficiency causes defective bacterial clearance, excessive inflammasome activation and host cell death that are associated with dysregulated septin cage-like formation, impaired autophagic p62/LC3 recruitment and defective formation of canonical autophagosomes. Taken together, we propose that dysregulation of autophagy and inflammasome activities contribute to the autoinflammatory manifestations of WAS, thereby identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of breeding dispersal in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis, (Reptilia, Squamata)
- 1997
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Ingår i: BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0024-4066. ; 60:2, s. 243-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We studied determinants of breeding dispersal (the distance that an animal shifts its mean home range co-ordinate between reproductive events) in an individually marked population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) in south west Sweden during 1987-1991. Fem
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| 10. |
- Shang, Liangliang, et al.
(författare)
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Single production of an exotic vectorlike Y quark at future high energy pp colliders
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 109:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vectorlike quarks have been predicted in various new physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model. In a simplified modelling of a (?,?) doublet including a vectorlike quark ?, with charge −4/3e, there are only two free parameters: the ? coupling ?? and mass ??. In the five flavor scheme, we investigate the single production of the ? state decaying into ?? at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) run-III and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operating at √?=14 TeV, the possible High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) with √?=27 TeV as well as the Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode (FCC-hh) with √?=100 TeV. Through detailed signal-to-background analyses and detector simulations, we assess the exclusion capabilities of the ? state at the different colliders. We find that this can be improved significantly with increasing collision energy, especially at the HE-LHC and FCC-hh, both demonstrating an obvious advantage with respect to the HL-LHC in the case of high ??. Assuming a 10% systematic uncertainty on the background event rate, the exclusion capabilities are summarized as follows: (1) the LHC run-III can exclude the correlated regions of ??∈[0.06,0.5] and ??∈[1500 GeV,3800 GeV] with integrated luminosity ?=300 fb−1; (2) the HL-LHC can exclude the correlated regions of ??∈[0.05,0.5] and ??∈[1500 GeV,3970 GeV] with ?=3 ab−1; (3) the HE-LHC can exclude the correlated regions of ??∈[0.06,0.5] and ??∈[1500 GeV,6090 GeV] with ?=3 ab−1; (4) the FCC-hh can exclude the correlated regions of ??∈[0.08,0.5] and ??∈[1500 GeV,10080 GeV] with ?=3 ab−1.
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