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- Kolodny, Harvey, et al.
(författare)
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Design and policy choices for technology extension organizations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Research policy. - : Elsevier B.V. - 1873-7625 .- 0048-7333. ; 30:2, s. 201-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governments, anxious to assist the SMEs in their countries to survive and grow, face not only policy choices about how to assist with technology, financial resources and business direction, but also the complex issues of how to design organizations that can deliver these policies effectively. This study is a comparative analysis of how “technology extension” (TE) organizations are designed to support SMEs in seven countries. The study focuses on the design requirements for such organizations and on the design choices that have been used to satisfy the design requirements, given different policy frameworks. Prescriptive advice on the design of TE organizations is offered to both policy makers and managers of such organizations.
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- Löfsten, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Science Parks and the growth of new technology-based firms : academic-industry links, innovation and markets
- 2002
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 31:6, s. 859-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis distinguishes between firms (273 firms) on and off Science Parks in Sweden (1996-1998), in an effort to identify any element of added value which the park provides for new technology-based firms (NTBFs). The study showed some differences between the experience of firms on- and off-park in respect to innovation and marketing issues. Firms located in Science Parks were significantly more likely to have a link with a local university than off-park firms. Performance is examined under three headings: employment growth, sales growth and profitability. Initiatives to promote NTBFs on Science Parks, will yield a higher rate of job creation than policies to help NTBFs in general.
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- McKelvey, Maureen, et al.
(författare)
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Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 32:3, s. 483-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the validity of assumptions about the importance of co-locality for innovation, by analyzing whether or not co-location matters for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector, or biotech-pharma sector. The population of Swedish biotech-pharma firms has been defined, based on the three criteria of geographical location, their engagement in active knowledge development, and their specialized knowledge/product focus. The firms' patterns of regional, national and international collaboration with other firms and with universities is analyzed, as well as the differing collaborative patterns of small versus large firm. In addressing the theoretical questions about the relative importance of co-location for innovation, the article also provides an empirical overview of the Swedish biotech-pharma sector, especially trends over time. This paper thus contributes to the literature by expanding our empirical knowledge about one European biotech-pharma sectoral system, e.g. Sweden, as well as addressing the theoretical question about the relative importance of co-location for formal knowledge collaboration.
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- Prencipe, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-project learning : Processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms
- 2001
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 30:9, s. 1373-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we argue that the literature on knowledge codification has been overly concerned with the economic properties of its outcomes, neglecting the importance of its underlying learning processes. Following Zollo and Winter [Organisation Science, 2001, in press], the paper distinguishes three learning processes: experience accumulation, knowledge articulation and knowledge codification and suggests a framework to analyse the learning abilities of project-based firms. We propose that mechanisms for inter-project learning draw upon these learning processes and can be found at various levels of the project-based firm. Using empirical evidence from six case studies, we discern three empirical patterns, that we defined learning landscapes, of such mechanisms. Implications for the literature and practice of knowledge codification are discussed. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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- Benner, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Institutionalizing the triple helix : Research funding and norms in the academic system
- 2000
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 29:2, s. 291-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the institutional mechanisms that enable or hinder the development of new forms of knowledge production? This issue has been slightly neglected in the discussion of the "triple helix". To redress this shortcoming, the authors suggest an institutionalist complement to the triple helix model. The article analyzes the institutional regulation of academic research, with a special emphasis on how norms in the academic system are constituted via research funding. It is argued that funding is a key mechanism of change in the norm system since its reward structure influences the performance and evaluation of research. The empirical analysis is based on the public financing of technical research in Sweden, with comparisons made with other countries. The structure of research funding has been reformed in all the countries studied. In addition to continuing recognition for scientific merit, the reforms have had the effect of emphasizing the commercial potential and the societal relevance of the research supported. The two dominant models of research funding, an intra-academic model and a top-down interventionist model, seem to be replaced partly with a catalytic one. However, there are counteracting tendencies. Some agencies still reproduce a model of reputational control and a collegial orientation among researchers. It is concluded, therefore, that the forces of change and continuity are engaged in a process of negotiation about the normative regulation of academic research.
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- Jacobsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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How large is the Swedish 'academic' sector really? A critical analysis of the use of science and technology indicators
- 2004
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 33:9, s. 1355-1372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is perceived to be top ranking. and a 'role model', in terms of its volume of academic R&D. This perception is based on analyses using two standard indicators. We assess the validity of these and argue that institutional features skew the result in favour of a high ranking. Swedish academic R&D is more appropriately characterised as average. or below average. in terms of input and above average in terms of output. Science policy makers need to acknowledge this and devise policies that strengthen rather than threaten the functioning of an efficient system. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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