| 1. |
- Gaab, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Placebo and psychotherapy : differences, similarities, and implications
- 2018
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In: International review of neurobiology. - : Elsevier. - 0074-7742 .- 2162-5514. ; 138, s. 241-255
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The placebo and psychotherapy are both effective psychological interventions. Next to being characterized by their own and specific controversies and debates, there is a persistent-and least for psychotherapy-looming notion that these two interventions share more than just the first letter. Based on Grunbaum's influential conceptualization of placebo, this chapter critically reviews both the time-honored claim that psychotherapy is a placebo as well as the argument that the placebo concept does not translate to psychotherapy. We conclude that there is an unwanted proximity between these two interventions and that empirical attempts to separate the "wheat from the chaff" in psychotherapy research face several distinctive challenges and thus are often methodologically comprised by the integrity of the placebo. However, drawing on recent, innovative research, we conclude that psychotherapy can be saved, i.e., shown to be distinct from the placebo, by employing study designs derived from the placebo research. We conclude that the placebo concept has profound implications for psychotherapy, psychotherapy research, and last but not least its ethical practice.
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| 2. |
- Pantazis, Antonios, et al.
(author)
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Biophysics of BK Channel Gating
- 2016
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In: International review of neurobiology. - : Elsevier. - 0074-7742 .- 2162-5514. ; 128, s. 1-49
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BK channels are universal regulators of cell excitability, given their exceptional unitary conductance selective for K(+), joint activation mechanism by membrane depolarization and intracellular [Ca(2+)] elevation, and broad expression pattern. In this chapter, we discuss the structural basis and operational principles of their activation, or gating, by membrane potential and calcium. We also discuss how the two activation mechanisms interact to culminate in channel opening. As members of the voltage-gated potassium channel superfamily, BK channels are discussed in the context of archetypal family members, in terms of similarities that help us understand their function, but also seminal structural and biophysical differences that confer unique functional properties.
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| 3. |
- Ffytche, DH, et al.
(author)
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Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease
- 2017
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In: International review of neurobiology. - : Elsevier. - 2162-5514. ; 133, s. 585-622
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Hadamitzky, M, et al.
(author)
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Placebo Effects in the Immune System
- 2018
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In: International review of neurobiology. - : Elsevier. - 2162-5514. ; 138, s. 39-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Mundt-Petersen, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Infusional Therapies, Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation, and Nonmotor Symptoms
- 2017
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In: Parkinson’s: The Hidden Face Management and the Hidden Face of Related Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0074-7742. - 9780128126035 ; 134, s. 1019-1044
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pump-based Parkinson (PD) therapies, including subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSA) and levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), presently constitute the most effective pharmacological treatments available for advanced PD. These therapies are based on a more constant delivery of the dopaminergic drug resulting in a more continuous dopaminergic stimulation and a more stable treatment effect. This can be detected as reduction of time in off, reduction of dyskinesia frequency and severity, as well as increase of time in on without troublesome dyskinesias. A number of open-label studies now suggest that also the nonmotor PD symptomatology can improve under CSA and LCIG therapy. The most consistent improvements are seen concerning sleep, mood, and apathy, gastrointestinal symptoms, and urological symptoms. But also cardiovascular symptoms, perception, attention, and sexual function might show beneficial effects when moving from conventional therapies to pump treatment. Further there might be negative influences on some parts of the nonmotor symptomatology through side effects of CSA and LCIG therapy. In this chapter, we review the present knowledge about these aspects of the pump-based therapies. This information might be valuable when deciding on advanced therapy for individual patients.
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| 8. |
- Schank, Jesse R., et al.
(author)
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Substance P and the Neurokinin-1 Receptor: The New CRF
- 2017
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In: ROLE OF NEUROPEPTIDES IN ADDICTION AND DISORDERS OF EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION. - : ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC. - 0074-7742. - 9780128124741 - 9780128124734 ; 136, s. 151-175
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Substance P (SP) is an 11-amino acid neuropeptide of the tachykinin family that preferentially activates the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). First isolated 85 years ago and sequenced 40 years later, SP has been extensively studied. Early studies identified a role for SP and the NK1R in contraction of intestinal smooth muscle, central pain processing, and neurogenic inflammation. An FDA-approved NK1R antagonist, aprepitant, is used clinically for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, as the NK1R influences the activity of the brain stem emesis centers. More recently, SP and the NK1R have gained attention for their role in complex psychiatric processes including stress, anxiety, and depression. However, clinical development of NK1R antagonists for these indications has so far been unsuccessful. Several preclinical studies have also demonstrated a role of the NK1R in drug taking and drug seeking, especially as it relates to escalated consumption and stress-elicited seeking. This line of research developed in parallel with findings supporting a role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in stress-induced drug seeking. Over this time, CRF arguably gained more attention as a target for development of addiction pharmacotherapies. However, this effort has not resulted in a viable drug for use in human populations. Given promising clinical findings for the efficacy of NK1R antagonists on craving in alcoholics, along with recent data suggesting that a number of negative results from NK1R trials were likely due to insufficient receptor occupancy, the NK1R merits being revisited as a target for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutics for addiction.
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| 9. |
- Timpka, Jonathan, et al.
(author)
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Device-Aided Treatment Strategies in Advanced Parkinson's Disease
- 2017
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In: International Review of Neurobiology. - : Elsevier. - 0074-7742. ; 132, s. 453-474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With peroral levodopa treatment, a majority of patients develop motor fluctuations and dyskinesia already within a few years of therapy. Device-aided Parkinson (PD) therapies refer to deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG), and subcutaneous infusion of the dopamine agonist apomorphine and represent effective strategies counteracting motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. These three therapy options seem to be similarly effective in reducing "time with PD symptoms (off time)" by at least 60%-65%. The use of advanced therapy also leads to a significant reduction of dyskinesia. Recent studies also indicate that these therapies can improve a number of nonmotor symptoms in advanced PD. Altogether this results in an improved health-related quality of life in most treated patients. The side effects and complications are quite different between the three; for DBS, serious adverse events include intracranial bleeding and infection, LCIG complications relate to the infusion equipment and the establishment of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, while for apomorphine infusion the most common side effect is a formation of noduli (local inflammation) at the point of infusion. The device-aided therapies are all indicated for the treatment of motor fluctuations and/or dyskinesia when peroral/transdermal PD medications cannot be further optimized. However, the choice of device-aided therapy is made on basis of indications/contraindications, but also the patients' symptom profile and his/her personal preferences. Therefore, it is important these treatments are discussed early, well before motor and nonmotor symptoms have deteriorated excessively.
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