| 1. |
- Eneström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Partitioning of genetic variation in the weedy clonal herb Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:5, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although sexual reproduction appears to be rare in many clonal plant species, the majority of clonal species show similar levels of genetic variation to non-clonal plant species. Aegopodium podagraria is a noxious garden weed and has become a successful invader in many natural habitats. Earlier studies have demonstrated population differentiation in life-history traits between different A. podagraria populations in Sweden. In this study, we used three methods to assess genetic variation in this species. Using analyses of molecular markers (chloroplast DNA PCR-RFLP and allozyme electrophoresis) we did not detect any variation between different A. podagraria clones. However, a multivariate analysis of leaflet shape in five populations from central Sweden revealed considerable variation both within and between populations. The variation found in leaflet shape is suggested to be genetically based because the leaves were collected from plants grown from seed under similar conditions in a common garden environment. These relatively high levels of variation within and between populations indicate that there is likely to be repeated seedling recruitment within established populations. © The Authors. Journal compilation.
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| 2. |
- Franzén, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Seed set differs in relation to pollen and nectar foraging flower visitors in an insect-pollinated herb
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:4, s. 274-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the relative contributions to seed sets of each of a plant species' floral visitors provides an indication of the relative influence of these visitors on the plants' reproductive success. In this study we compared the seed set of the gynodioecious Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae) in 49 local plant populations in two regions of southern Sweden. We measured the seed set for hermaphroditic and female plant individuals. In both plant sexes and both regions, the seed set was positively related to the abundance of Apidae. The seed set was negatively related to the abundance of pollen-foraging solitary bees (Halictidae, Megachilidae) and beetles (Oedemeridae, Malachidae). The seed set was not related to plant population size, plant density or female frequency. Our results confirm that pollination success in generalised plant-pollinator systems varies between pollinator groups. Flower-visitors foraging for pollen might not contribute to increased pollination success in generalised pollination systems.
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| 3. |
- Hedrén, Mikael
(författare)
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Plastid DNA haplotype variation in Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae): evidence for multiple independent colonization events into Scandinavia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:1, s. 69-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The early marsh orchid, Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo s. l., grows in medium-rich to rich fens and marshes over much of Europe and parts of Asia. The species is highly polymorphic and different forms may grow together at the same site. In the present study, I tested the hypothesis that these forms represent different migrant populations that have colonized Scandinavia independently of each other, possibly from different source areas. Accessions from Scandinavia and elsewhere were screened for variation at three size-variable plastid marker loci, one polyA repeat, one polyA-polyTA-polyT repeat and one 9 bp indel. Ten haplotypes were defined on basis on the combined variation pattern. The common occurrence of several haplotypes in southern Scandinavia and adjacent areas to the south and the east of the Baltic Sea suggests that D. incarnata has been dispersed on repeated occasions across the Baltic. Also, there was some correlation between haplotype composition and morphological form on the island of Gotland, in agreement with the independent colonization hypothesis. Material from northernmost Sweden, Finland and northwest Russia was fixed for a single widespread haplotype, indicating that populations in this area are located farther away from the Pleistocene refugia. Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. lobelii from southwest Norway was characterized by a haplotype that was not encountered elsewhere in Scandinavia. Given its proximity to British populations dominated by the same haplotype, it is suggested that D. incarnata ssp. lobelii was established independently of the other Scandinavian populations, from coastal refugia located in western Europe.
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| 4. |
- Jonsell, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Nomenclatural notes to Flora Nordica Vol. 6 (Thymelaeaceae-Apiaceae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:2, s. 138-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following names in Flora Nordica Vol. 6 are subject to nomenclatural action: Helianthemum oelandicum var. canescens (typified), Epilobium hornemannii (typified), Oenothera nuda (validated), Myriophyllum spicatum (emendation of typification), Viola rupestris subsp. relicta (typified), Hippophae rhamnoides (typified), Angelica archangelica subsp. littoralis (typified). - Flora Nordica Note no. 35.
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| 5. |
- Kärnefelt, Ingvar
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:3, s. 165-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract is not available
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| 6. |
- Olofsson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution, phylogeography and taxonomy of allopolyploid Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) and its implications for conservation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:6, s. 548-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review is based on recent molecular studies of Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae). Most of the studies have focused on the allotetraploid members of the genus in general and on D. majalis ssp. lapponica in particular. It was concluded that most of the allotetraploid taxa have derived from hybridizations between the parental lineages D. maculata s.l. and D. incarnata s.l., with D. maculata s.l. serving as the seed parent. Evidence of multiple origins was found both among northern European allotetraploids as well as among Greek allotetraploids. Introgression from both parental lineages and hybridizations between independently derived polyploid lineages was also detected. The three morphologically similar taxa D. majalis ssp. traunsteineri, ssp. lapponica and ssp. russowii should be treated as one and most of the Greek allotetraploids should be regarded as regional variants of the southeastern European D. majalis ssp. cordigera. The Balkans and the Alps most probably served as refugia for the genus during the last glaciations and at least two waves of immigration reached Scandinavia. Finally, we suggest that the conservation of allotetraploid Dactylorhiza should emphasize important geographic areas and habitats and that the allopolyploids should have the same conservation status as the diploids.
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| 7. |
- Sandberg, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Despite high uptake efficiency, non-mycorrhizal Rumex acetosella increases available phosphorous in the rhizosphere soil, whereas Viscaria vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata and Achillea millefolium does not
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:5, s. 444-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phosphorous (P) uptake efficiency, reduction of the soil extractable P, and the root morphology was determined for the four common grassland species Rumex acetosella, Viscaria vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata and Achillea millefolium in one pot cultivation and one microcosm experiment. Rumex acetosella produced more than tree times as much biomass as each of V. vulgaris, P. lanceolata and A. millefolium, and could maintain a P concentration in the tissue that was twice as high as in the other species. R. acetosella was able to take up 10 times more phosphorous than the other species but the high uptake was not reflected in reduced Olsen P levels in the root affected soil. Calculating the uptake efficiency of the roots with a diameter less than 0.5 mm showed that the P uptake, calculated per root area, had been more efficient in R. acetosella than in the other species. The calculated rhizosphere volume (explored by the plant) seemed to correlate with the higher uptake efficiency of R. acetosella. We can conclude that R. acetosella have mechanisms to maintain a high P availability in the soil and may sustain a high uptake without any mycorrhizal interactions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Hieracium (Asteraceae) of sub-alpine Dalarna, Sweden, revisited: decline in species richness attributable to both forestry and overgrowth
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:5, s. 419-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Hieracium flora of westernmost Dalarna, comprising the southern fringe of the Scandes alps (central Scandinavia), is extremely rich in species. The area is dominated by species-poor coniferous sub-alpine and taiga forest, but within this matrix there are small and isolated sites with high species richness of both Hieracium and other plants. Both steep mountain slopes with outcrops of base-rich bedrock and moving ground water, and old seasonal or permanant human settlements constitute such biodiversity hotspots. However, today the former are threatened by modern forestry practices and/or exploitation for winter tourism and the latter are commonly abandoned and subjected to severe overgrowth or dramatically changed land-use. The area was thorougly surveyed in 1897-1921. In 2007, the same region and partly the same sites, were revisited. In 1897-1921, 15 Hieracium species were on average recorded from each site, but when the same sites were revisited in 2007 significantly fewer, only about 6 (40%) species per site, were refound. As far as the total species pool of the study area is concerned, it consisted of 168 species in 1897-1921, whereof only 117 (67%) were found in 2007. This remarkable reduction in species richness at both the local and the regional scale is attributable to both modern forestry practices and to the cessation of traditional agricultural practices like hay-making on semi-natural grasslands and extensive cattle-grazing in the forests. It is concluded that to reduce the on-going severe loss of biodiversity in the sub-alpine and taiga regions, conservation efforts in these areas ought to be enhanced and concentrated not only on saving what still remains of old-growth forest but also on managing remnants of grasslands and formerly grazed or mowed open forests around former settlements.
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| 10. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Lectotypifications and notes on the application of names of Hieracium sect. Hieracium, sect. Bifida and sect. Vulgata (Asteraceae) based on material from the province of Dalarna, central Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:1, s. 37-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lectotypes are designated for 174 names of taxa described based on material from the Swedish province of Dalarna and accepted to belong to Hieracium sect. Hieracium, sect. Bifida and sect. Vulgata. The taxonomic and nomenclatural implications, i.e. taxonomic synonyms and infraspecific taxa not worthy of taxonomic recognition, of the lectotypifications are discussed. Three new combinations, H. mundulifolium (Johanss.) T. Tyler, H. oligasterum (Johanss. & Sam.) T. Tyler and H. transtrandense T. Tyler, are proposed to accommodate the infraspecific taxa H. gilvocaniceps Johanss. var. mundulifolium Johanss., H. expallidiforme (Dahlst. ex. Stenstr.) Dahlst. var. oligasterum Johanss. & Sam. and H. insuccatum Johanss. var. occidentale Johanss. & Sam. respectively, when treated at the rank of species.
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