| 1. |
- Adom, Philip Kofi
(författare)
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Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 49, s. 570-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving.126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Adom, Philip Kofi
(författare)
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The transition between energy efficient and energy inefficient states in Cameroon
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 54, s. 248-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I use a two-state (energy efficient/inefficient) Markov-switching dynamic model to study energy efficiency in Cameroon in a novel manner, employing yearly data covering 1971 to 2012. I find that the duration of an energy inefficient state is about twice as long as an energy efficient state, mainly due to fuel subsidies, low income, high corruption, regulatory inefficiencies, poorly developed infrastructure and undeveloped markets. To escape from an energy inefficient state a broad policy overhaul is needed. Trade liberalization and related growth policies together with the removal of fuel subsidies are useful, but insufficient policy measures; the results suggest that they should be combined with structural policies, aiming at institutional structure and investment in infrastructure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Akimaya, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of price controls for different grade of gasoline : The case of Indonesia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 68, s. 373-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gasoline subsidy is one of the most prevalent strategies for distributing welfare to the people in oil-producing countries. However well-intentioned, the policy will distort the gasoline market with the resulting inefficiencies. Furthermore, the gasoline subsidy takes a great amount of government's budget. Arguably, these funds could be spent elsewhere with a greater impact on economic growth. These governments are aware of the cost of such a policy, yet face difficulties in removing the policy because of strong resistance from the public. This paper looks at the unique case of Indonesia that only provides a subsidy for regular gasoline and in turn proposes an alternative policy that introduces a subsidy for premium gasoline at a lower rate to reduce the overall gasoline subsidy cost. There has yet to be any research that simulates price controls for gasoline with different grades. The aggregate demand for gasoline in Indonesia is replicated using a translog cost calibration approach. Simulations based on the calibrated demand are then performed and the results confirm the existence of potential savings that are largely determined by the cross-price elasticities between regular and premium gasoline. The benchmark scenario, based on a recent study of substitutability between gasoline by grades, results in an 11.5% reduction in subsidy cost of around 950 million USD with a subsidy rate of Rp 2254/liter. Furthermore, the optimal rate of subsidy for premium gasoline results in a reduction of inefficiency as consumers' welfare increase by 6.8 trillion rupiahs (or 560 million USD).
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| 4. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling household cooking fuel choice: A panel multinomial logit approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883. ; 59, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use three rounds of a rich panel data set to investigate the determinants of household cooking fuel choice and energy transition in urban Ethiopia. We observe that the expected energy transition did not occur following economic growth in Ethiopia during the decade 2000–2009. Regression results from a random effects multinomial logit model, which controls for unobserved household heterogeneity, show that households' economic status, price of alternative energy sources, and education are important determinants of fuel choice in urban Ethiopia. The results also suggest the use of multiple fuels, or ‘fuel stacking behavior’. We argue that policy makers could target these policy levers to encourage transition to cleaner energy sources. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Amjadi, Golnaz, et al.
(författare)
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The Rebound Effect in Swedish Heavy Industry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 71, s. 140-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency improvement (EEI) benefits the climate and matters for energy security. The potential emission and energy savings due to EEI may however not fully materialize due to the rebound effect. In this study, we measure the size of the rebound effect for fuel and electricity within the four most energy intensive sectors in Sweden: pulp and paper, basic iron and steel, chemical, and mining. We use a detailed firm-level panel data set for 2000–2008 and apply Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) for measuring the rebound effect. We find that neither fuel nor electricity rebound effects fully offset the potential energy and emission savings. Among the determinants, we find CO2 intensity and fuel/electricity share to be useful indicators for identifying firms with higher or lower rebound effect within each sector.
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| 6. |
- Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling the energy saving role of banking performance in Sub-Sahara Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 74, s. 828-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the effect of commercial bank performance on an indicator of energy efficiency (i.e. energy intensity) while controlling for the mediating effect of political institution. To achieve this goal, the study develops a theoretical model based on the neoclassical theory of the firm that links energy efficiency to bank sector development, and a unique bank-based data by Andrianova et al. (2015) for 43 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1998 to 2012. The principal component analysis is used to derive a composite bank-based development index from different bank balance sheet performance indicators- return on asset, asset quality, bank capitalization, managerial inefficiency and financial stability. The two-stage system generalized method of moment (Sys-GMM) technique was used. The results reveal that, both in the short- and long-run, improved banking performance fosters energy efficiency improvements in sub-Saharan Africa, but this is compromised by democracy (institutional quality). Thus, to achieve energy efficiency improvements, specific initiatives should be implemented to boost the development of the banking sector while also ensuring that democratic governance in the sub-region weans itself off things that impede the progress of the real sector. More ambitiously, creating a Green Bank may be necessary to stimulate energy efficiency investments in the sub-region.
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| 7. |
- Berger, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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On the dynamic dependence between equity markets, commodity futures and economic uncertainty indexes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 56, s. 374-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a thorough analysis on multiscale dependence schemes between equity markets, commodity futures and uncertainty indexes. Based on decomposed return series, we provide an exhaustive survey on time varying dependence, before and after the outbreak of financial crisis. Although daily returns of equity markets and commodity futures are described by weak dependence, our results indicate a stronger dependence between the long-run trends of both asset classes.
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| 8. |
- Bostian, Moriah, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental investment and firm performance : a network approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 57, s. 243-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the role of investment in environmental production practices for both environmental performance and energy efficiency over time. We employ a network DEA approach that links successive production technologies through intertemporal investment decisions with a period by period estimation. This allows us to estimate energy efficiency and environmental performance separately, as well as productivity change and its associated decompositions into efficiency change and technology change. Incorporating a network model also allows us to account for both short-term environmental management practices and long-term environmental investments in each of our productivity measures. We apply this framework to a panel of detailed plant-level production data for Swedish manufacturing firms covering the years 2002-2008.
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| 9. |
- Broberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Blame it on the owner – Ownership and energy performance of multi-dwelling buildings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 72, s. 108-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of multi-dwelling buildings in Sweden to find out whether the type of ownership matters. More specifically, we investigate whether rental apartment buildings are less energy efficient than cooperative apartment buildings and whether public ownership has a negative impact on energy efficiency. A conceptual framework is presented to illustrate that such differences could be explained by the split incentives problem and deviations from profit maximizing interests. The empirical analysis is based on a unique dataset that combines data from energy performance certificates with ownership data on residential units. The results indicate that cooperative apartment buildings are significantly more energy efficient than buildings with rental apartments. The results also indicate that publicly owned buildings have somewhat lower energy performance than privately owned ones.
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| 10. |
- Broberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of energy performance certificates on investment : A quasi-natural experiment approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incomplete information may be one reason why some households do not invest in energy efficiency even though it would benefit them to do so. Energy performance certificates (EPCs) have been promoted to overcome such information shortages. In this paper, we investigate whether EPCs together with mandatory home energy audits make households more likely to invest in energy efficiency. Our study takes advantage of the mandatory nature of the EPCs to avoid the potential selection bias problem that typically applies to studies using voluntary energy audits as the treatment. Our treatment group consists of single-household houses in Sweden sold from 2008, i.e., when EPCs became legally required in connection with sales of residential buildings, to 2015; while the control group consists of houses sold between 2002 and 2008, i.e., without an EPC. The results show that there is no statistically significant treatment effect for most of the measures that a household can take to improve the energy performance of their house. The significant treatment effect that we do find concerns a few heating system-related measures.
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