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| 2. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Protein carbonyls and antioxidant defenses in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) from a heavy metal polluted and a PAH polluted site.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Marine environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 66:2, s. 271-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of fish in environmental monitoring has become increasingly important in recent years as anthropogenic substances, many of which function as prooxidants, are accumulating in aquatic environments. We have measured a battery of antioxidant defenses as a measure of oxidative status, as well as protein carbonylation as a measure of oxidative damage, in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) captured near a disused copper mine, where water and sediment are contaminated with heavy metals, and an aluminum smelter, a site contaminated with PAHs. Results were compared to two different reference sites. Fish at the heavy metal site had lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and elevated protein carbonyls (1.8 times) compared to fish from the reference site. At the PAH site, EROD was increased 2-fold, while total glutathione and methemoglobin reductase concentration, were decreased. No differences were seen in protein carbonyl levels at the PAH site. Measures of both antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage should be used when assessing effects of xenobiotics on oxidative stress in fish species.
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| 3. |
- Del Barga, I., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of algal extracts (Polysiphonia fucoides) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A biomarker approach
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 62:Supplement 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genotoxicity of algal extracts (Polysiphonia fucoides) was investigated in erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to 0.5% of the algal extract for 7 days. Comet assay (alkaline and neutral versions) and Micronucleus test were used to assess DNA damage, and Diffusion Assay to detect apoptotic cells. EROD activities and oxidative stress parameters in rainbow trout liver were also measured. A significant induction of DNA single strand breaks comparable to the ones induced by the in vivo exposure to 20 mg/kg B[a]P was observed at the end of the treatment, while increases of double strand breaks and apoptotic cells were not observed. The absence of activation of antioxidant responses seems to underline a mechanism of action of the genotoxic algal extract which does not involve oxidative stress.
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| 5. |
- Halldorsson, H. P., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of pollution on scope for growth of the mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) in Iceland
- 2005
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 59:1, s. 47-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to evaluate effects of contaminants at high latitudes, the effects on scope for growth (SFG) were evaluated for both transplanted and resident blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) near large and small harbours in Iceland. Low SFG values were found for mussels at the mouth and in the inner part of the large Reykjavik harbour, which could be attributed to elevated levels of organotins and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Mussels in smaller and/or less polluted harbours and sites off Reykjavik harbour only showed a slight reduction in SFG. No major effects were found at sites > 3 km from the large harbour of Reykjavik. SFG provides valuable information on the effects of harbour pollutants in Iceland, in particular in areas of extensive shipping activity. The use of this biomarker on high latitude organisms is highly relevant due to extended oil exploration at higher latitudes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Hilvarsson, Annelie, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Bioaccumulation of the new antifoulant medetomidine in marine organisms
- 2009
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 68:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biofouling is a huge problem globally and new alternative antifoulants are presently being investigated. one candidate is medetomidine, a commonly used sedative in veterinary medicine, which has been shown to effectively prevent settlement of barnacles. The purpose of this study was to measure uptake, elimination and bioconcentration of medetomidine in Mytilus edulis, Abra nitida, Crangon crangon and periphyton communities to evaluate the risk of bioaccumulation in the marine environment. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were used to assess the bioaccumulation. The calculations of these factors were based on the distribution of the radiolabelled medetomidine. BCF for C. crangon was 2.8 while M. edulis had a BCF of 134 and the periphyton communities' BCF was 1195 l/kg fresh weight (FW). The concentration of medetomidine in the animals reached steady state after 24-48 h for all test systems except for A. nitida, which never stabilised enough to calculate a bioaccumulation factor (BAF). Elimination from the organism's tissues was rapid for three of the test systems with half-lives between 1 and 24 h, A. nitida had a half-life of 96-120 h. This study demonstrates that the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of medetomidine differs between aquatic organisms and that microalgal communities in the form of periphyton have the highest bioconcentration factor of the organisms tested. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Langhamer, Olivia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Colonisation of fish and crabs of wave energy foundations and the effectsof manufactured holes – A field experiment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 68:4, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several Western European countries are planning for a significant development of offshore renewable energy along the European Atlantic Ocean coast, including many thousands of wave energy devices and wind turbines. There is an increasing interest in articulating the added values of the creation of artificial hard bottom habitats through the construction of offshore renewable energy devices, for the benefit of fisheries management and conservation. The Lysekil Project is a test park for wave power located about 100 km north of Gothenburg at the Swedish west coast. A wave energy device consists of a linear wave power generator attached to a foundation on the seabed, and connected by a wire to a buoy at the surface. Our field experiment examined the function of wave energy foundations as artificial reefs. In addition, potentials for enhancing the abundance of associated fish and crustaceans through manufactured holes of the foundations were also investigated. Assemblages of mobile organisms were examined by visual censuses in July and August 2007, 3 months after deployment of the foundations. Results generally show low densities of mobile organisms, but a significantly higher abundance of fish and crabs on the foundations compared to surrounding soft bottoms. Further, while fish numbers were not influenced by increased habitat complexity (holes), it had a significantly positive effect on quantities of edible crab (Cancer pagurus), on average leading to an almost five-fold increase in densities of this species. Densities of spiny starfish (Marthasterias glacialis) were negatively affected by the presence of holes, potentially due to increased predator abundance (e.g. C. pagurus). These results suggest a species-specific response to enhanced habitat complexity.
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| 10. |
- Lindqvist, Stina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Biogeochemistry in highly reduced mussel farm sediments during macrofaunal recolonization by Amphiura filiformis and Nephtys sp.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Marine environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 67:3, s. 136-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mussel farming is considered a viable means for reducing coastal eutrophication. This study assessed the importance of bioturbation by recolonizing fauna for benthic solute fluxes and porewater distributions in manipulated mussel farm sediments. Three consecutive time-series flux incubations were performed during an experimental period of three weeks in sieved farm sediment treated with the brittle star Amphiura filiformis and the polychaete Nephtys sp. The functional behavior of Nephtys sp. and interactions between Nephtys sp. and the spontaneously colonizing spionid Malacoceros fuliginosus determined the biogeochemical response in the Nephtys sp. treatment. For example, the oxic zone was restricted and benthic nitrate and silicate fluxes were reduced compared to the brittle star treatment. A. filiformis seemed to enhance the bioadvective solute transport, although an increased supply of oxygen was due to the highly reducing conditions of the sediment mainly seen as secondary effects related to porewater distributions and benthic nutrient fluxes.
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