| 1. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish
- 2012
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 80, s. 56-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Brande-Lavridsen, Nanna, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormalities in eelpout Zoarces viviparus upon chemical exposure.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 92, s. 87-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated frequencies of abnormal embryos in female eelpout Zoarces viviparus have been demonstrated in Danish, Swedish and German monitoring programmes at certain geographic locations with high levels of anthropogenic input. Pollutants present in areas with high malformation frequencies were selected and tested in a controlled laboratory experiment for their potential to induce abnormalities among eelpout embryos upon injection into pregnant eelpout. Tributyltin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, pyrene, nonylphenol, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromophenylether and heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid were tested, either individually or combined. Generally, the chemicals were transferred to eggs and/or embryos. Some of the exposures increased the proportion of broods with more than 10% abnormal or 5% malformed embryos, although the average percentages of abnormal development were not affected. Spinal, cranial and eye deformities were evident, similarly to what is seen in nature. Some of the exposures resulted in increased percentages of females with as well a low reproductive capacity as embryos with a low condition index.
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| 3. |
- Faxneld, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in physiological response to increased seawater temperature in nearshore and offshore corals in northern Vietnam
- 2011
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 71:3, s. 225-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of elevated seawater temperature show high spatial heterogeneity and variation within and among coral species. The objective of this study was to investigate how two coral species, Porites lutea and Galaxea fascicularis, from two high latitude reefs differently exposed to chronic disturbance, respond to elevated seawater temperatures. Corals were collected from reefs nearshore (i.e. subjected to high sediment load, higher chlorophyll α concentrations, turbidity etc.) and offshore (i.e. less exposed). The corals were exposed in the lab to gradually increasing temperatures (25.5–33.5 °C) for 72 h after which they were allowed to recover to ambient temperature (25.5 °C) for 24 h. Production and respiration were measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results show that P. lutea from nearshore reefs suffered an initial decrease in gross primary production/respiration (GP/R) ratio after 24 h, after only a moderate temperature increase (+2 °C, from 25.5 to 27.5 °C), while there was no difference in GP/R ratio between heat-exposed and controls the other days, indicating that the chronic disturbance in the nearshore reef had no effect on their thermotolerance. Furthermore, P. lutea from the offshore reef showed a decrease in GP/R ratio both after 24 h and 72 h (33.5 °C) of exposure.In comparison, G. fascicularis showed a decrease in GP/R ratio after 48 h, 72 h and 96 h of exposure for the nearshore corals. Also, after 72 h these corals had withdrawn their polyps. There were no differences between heat-treated and controls for the offshore G. fascicularis. This implies that the chronically disturbed G. fascicularis had lower thermotolerance when exposed to a temperature increase.This study, hence, shows that the response of corals to elevated seawater temperature varies with species and environmental background history.
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| 4. |
- Gianguzza, P, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature modulates the response of the thermophilous sea urchin Arbacia lixula early life stages to CO2-driven acidification
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 93, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing abundances of the thermophilous black sea urchin Arbacia lixula in the Mediterranean Sea are attributed to the Western Mediterranean warming. However, few data are available on the potential impact of this warming on A. lixula in combination with other global stressors such as ocean acidification. The aim of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of increased temperature and of decreased pH on fertilization and early development of A. lixula. This was tested using a fully crossed design with four temperatures (20, 24, 26 and 27 °C) and two pH levels (pHNBS 8.2 and 7.9). Temperature and pH had no significant effect on fertilization and larval survival (2d) for temperature <27 °C. At 27 °C, the fertilization success was very low (<1%) and all larvae died within 2d. Both temperature and pH had effects on the developmental dynamics. Temperature appeared to modulate the impact of decreasing pH on the % of larvae reaching the pluteus stage leading to a positive effect (faster growth compared to pH 8.2) of low pH at 20 °C, a neutral effect at 24 °C and a negative effect (slower growth) at 26 °C. These results highlight the importance of considering a range of temperatures covering today and the future environmental variability in any experiment aiming at studying the impact of ocean acidification.
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| 5. |
- Langhamer, Olivia, 1977-
(författare)
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Effects of wave energy converters on the surrounding soft-bottom macrofauna (west coast of Sweden)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 69:5, s. 374-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Offshore wave energy conversion is expected to develop, thus contributing to an increase in submerged constructions on the seabed An essential concern related to the deployment of wave energy converters (WECs) is their possible impact on the surrounding soft-bottom habitats In this study, the macrofaunal assemblages in the seabed around the wave energy converters in the Lysekil research site on the Swedish west coast and a neighbouring reference site were examined yearly during a period of 5 years (20042008). Macrobenthic communities living in the WECs' surrounding seabed were mainly composed by organisms typical for the area and depth off the Swedish west coast At both sites the number of individuals, number of species and biodiversity were low, and were mostly small, juvenile organisms The species assemblages during the first years of sampling were significantly different between the Lysekil research site and the nearby reference site with higher species abundance in the research site. The high contribution to dissimilarities was mostly due to polychaetes Sparse macrofaunal densities can be explained by strong hydrodynamic forces and/or earlier trawling. WECs may alter the surrounding seabed with an accumulation of organic matter inside the research area This indicates that the deployment of WECs in the Lysekil research site tends to have rather minor direct ecological impacts on the surrounding benthic community relative to the natural high variances.
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| 6. |
- Lennquist, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Responses in fish exposed to medetomidine, a new antifouling agent
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medetomidine is being introduced as a new antifouling agent. As part of a large risk assessment campaign, we have studied responses to medetomidine in a number of fish species. The studied parameters include respiration, blood parameters, antioxidant enzymes, CYP1A, behaviour, pigmentation, reproduction and growth. The main observations from these studies are: 1. Body paleness at water concentrations in the range of 0.5-50 nM, depending on species. In addition, impaired adaptation to the background colour was shown in fry from turbot and lumpfish. In rainbow trout, desensitization of melanophores (pigment cells) occurred in fish exposed to medetomidine for 21 days, but a prolonged study (54 days exposure time), showed that the melanophores were well functioning and in addition that no apoptosis had occurred. 2. CYP1A activities, measured as EROD activities, were increased at medetomidine water concentrations from 0.5-5 nM in rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, turbot and three-spined stickleback. However, investigations in vitro showed medetomidine to be a potent inhibitor of EROD activity. 3. In lumpfish and turbot fry, a decreased oxygen consumption and respiration rate was observed from 2 nM medetomidine. This effect was reversible to a large extent.
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| 7. |
- Miller, Aroha, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing temporal trends of organochlorines in guil-lemot eggs and Baltic herring : Advantages and disadvantages for se-lecting sentinel species for environmental monitoring
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 100, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within Europe, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is aimed at addressing the chemical status and quality of the marine environment. One of the main goals is to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in the marine environment. Environmental monitoring of biota e.g., Baltic herring and guillemot eggs, is conducted annually in Sweden to follow temporal changes in environmental contaminants. To determine the suitability of guillemot eggs as a sentinel species for investigating GES, we compared temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in these two species from single sampling sites within Sweden.Lipid content from guillemot eggs was consistently high and stable (yearly mean for >40 years, ∼12%) compared to that of herring (yearly mean for >20 years, ∼3%). A significant decreasing trend of ΣPCDD/F in TEQ WHO1998 was observed in guillemot eggs, but no trend was seen in herring. CB118 significantly decreased in both species, but in the last 10 years this decrease was not significant in herring. A number of advantages, such as high lipid content in the egg and a low coefficient of variation make guillemot suitable as a sentinel species. The advantages and disadvantages of using either guillemot eggs or Baltic herring are compared.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Oskarsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effect studies of human pharmaceuticals on Fucus vesiculosus and Gammarus spp
- 2012
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 74, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two experiments, the human pharmaceutical propranolol negatively affected the physiology of two test organisms, Fucus vesiculosus and Gammarus spp. from a Baltic Sea littoral community in a concentration of 1000 mu g l(-1). Some effects were also observed for the lower, more ecologically relevant concentrations (10 mu g l(-1) and 100 mu g l(-1)). The effects on E vesiculosus not only increased with increasing concentration, but also with exposure time; while the effects on Gammarus spp. were more inconsistent over time. No clear effects of the pharmaceuticals diclofenac and ibuprofen were observed for any of the organisms. Physiological parameters measured were GP:R-ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence and release of coloured dissolved organic matter, respiration and ammonium excretion. Pharmaceutical substances are repeatedly detected in the Baltic Sea which is the recipient for SIP effluents from more than 85 million people living in the catchment area, but the knowledge of their effects on non-target organisms is still very limited.
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