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- Black, Melissa H., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms of facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders : Insights from eye tracking and electroencephalography
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 80, s. 488-515
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While behavioural difficulties in facial emotion recognition (FER) have been observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), behavioural studies alone are not suited to elucidate the specific nature of FER challenges in ASD. Eye tracking (ET) and electroencephalography (EEG) provide insights in to the attentional and neurological correlates of performance, and may therefore provide insight in to the mechanisms underpinning FER in ASD. Given that these processes develop over the course of the developmental trajectory, there is a need to synthesise findings in regard to the developmental stages to determine how the maturation of these systems may impact FER in ASD. We conducted a systematic review of fifty-four studies investigating ET or EEG meeting inclusion criteria. Findings indicate divergence of visual processing pathways in individuals with ASD. Altered function of the social brain in ASD impacts the processing of facial emotion across the developmental trajectory, resulting in observable differences in ET and EEG outcomes.
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- Borsook, D., et al.
(författare)
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Reward deficiency and anti-reward in pain chronification
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 68, s. 282-297
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Converging lines of evidence suggest that the pathophysiology of pain is mediated to a substantial degree via allostatic neuroadaptations in reward- and stress-related brain circuits. Thus, reward deficiency (RD) represents a within-system neuroadaptation to pain-induced protracted activation of the reward circuits that leads to depletion-like hypodopaminergia, clinically manifested anhedonia, and diminished motivation for natural reinforcers. Anti-reward (AR) conversely pertains to a between-systems neuroadaptation involving over-recruitment of key limbic structures (e.g., the central and basolateral amygdala nuclei, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral tegmental noradrenergic nuclei of the brain stem, the hippocampus and the habenula) responsible for massive outpouring of stressogenic neurochemicals (e.g., norepinephrine, corticotropin releasing factor, vasopressin, hypocretin, and substance P) giving rise to such negative affective states as anxiety, fear and depression. We propose here the Combined Reward deficiency and Anti-reward Model (CReAM), in which biopsychosocial variables modulating brain reward, motivation and stress functions can interact in a 'downward spiral' fashion to exacerbate the intensity, chronicity and comorbidities of chronic pain syndromes (i.e., pain chronification).
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- Brander, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of environmental risk factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A proposed roadmap from association to causation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 65, s. 36-62
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To synthesize the current knowledge on possible environmental risk factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).Method: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. The Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched up until October 6, 2015, employing relevant keywords and MeSH terms.Results: 128 studies met inclusion criteria. Potential environmental risk factors for OCD have been identified in the broad areas of perinatal complications, reproductive cycle, and stressful life events. There is limited evidence regarding other potential risk factors, such as parental age, season of birth, socioeconomic status, parental rearing practices, infections, traumatic brain injury, substance use or vitamin deficiency. In general, studies were of limited methodological quality.Conclusions: At present, no environmental risk factors have convincingly been associated with OCD. We propose a roadmap for future studies, consisting of longitudinal, population-based research, employing quasi-experimental family and twin designs to identify risk factors that are not only associated with the disorder but also contribute to its causation either directly or moderating the effect of genes.
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- Canevelli, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Race reporting and disparities in clinical trials on Alzheimer's disease : A systematic review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 101, s. 122-128
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Race is an important health determinant and should adequately be considered in research and drug development protocols targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: A systematic review of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the currently marketed treatments for AD was conducted with the aim of 1) documenting the reporting of race, and 2) exploring the impact of race on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the considered medications.Results: Overall, 59.2% of the 49 retained RCTs reported information concerning the race of participants. Only a striking minority of enrolled patients was constituted of blacks and Hispanics. None on the retained studies reported results on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the tested treatment separately for racial groups nor performed sensitivity analyses accounting for the race of participants.Discussion: Race has insufficiently been reported in previous interventional studies on AD. Its potential association with the effectiveness and safety/tolerability of the tested medications has completely been neglected.
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- Fullana, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Amygdala where art thou?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7528 .- 0149-7634. ; 102, s. 430-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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