| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Hans
(författare)
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Children's cognitive appraisal of others' distressful and positive experiences
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1464-0651 .- 0165-0254. ; 27:5, s. 457-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presents a theoretical model for understanding how children's cognitive processing of empathy-provoking information is linked to vicariously aroused feelings, and to prosocial and aggressive behaviour. Predictions from the model were tested in a cross-sectional sample of second-, fourth-, and sixth-graders (N = 175) and in a large sample of fourth-graders (N = 124). Two significant forms of information processing bias were identified: (a) one that enhances the awareness of potential threats towards the self or others, and (b) one that reduces the emotional significance of the stimuli subjected to processing. Children high in empathy and prosocial behaviour tended to experience moderate levels of threat and to modulate the emotional significance of empathy-provoking stimuli through cognitive restructuring. Aggressive children tended to use dismissive operations and typically experienced either very low or very high levels of threat. The oldest children differed from the youngest by using more multiple perspective taking and cognitive restructuring.
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| 2. |
- Briem, Valdimar, et al.
(författare)
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Cognition and character traits as determinants of young children’s behaviour in traffic situations
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1464-0651 .- 0165-0254. ; 24:4, s. 492-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young children, 3 to 6 years’ old, were observed in two situations: (1) a traffic model, where they used dolls to enact the movements of two children on the way to and from day care; and (2) as they crossed a lightly trafficked, minor road in a situation analogous to that in the model. Atotal of 131 children participated. All were tested in the model situation (a), both on understanding of safety and safety devices and on road-crossing behaviour. The latter was seen as a task consisting of three components (i) using a zebra crossing, (ii) stopping at the curb, and (iii) looking for cars. Asubgroup of 47 children was tested on three character traits, activity, distraction, and impulsivity. Another subgroup of 45 children participated in the roadside situation (b). The results show that although both age and understanding were important predictors of appropriate behaviour in both traffic situations, the behaviour components were differentially related to these factors. Of the character traits, impulsivity was found to be reliably related to traffic behaviour.
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| 3. |
- Galambos, Nancy L., et al.
(författare)
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Who gets caught at maturity gap? : a study of pseudomature, immature, and mature adolescents
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 27:3, s. 253-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research examined links among adolescents’ maturity status, their biological, social, and psychological characteristics, and parents’ perceptions of their adolescents’ maturity. The participants were 430 Canadian adolescents in the sixth and ninth grades, and a subsample of their parents. Pattern-centred analyses confirmed the existence of three clusters of adolescents differing in maturity status: pseudomature (25%), immature (30%), and mature (44%). Further analyses found differences among the clusters in adolescents’ pubertal status, the social context (presence of older siblings and friends), and their desired age, involvement in pop culture, school and peer involvement, and close friendships. Analysis of mother and father reports revealed some differences in how parents of pseudomature, immature, and mature adolescents perceived their adolescents’ maturity, and in how they felt about their adolescents’ maturity. There were few grade differences in the findings. The results suggest that pseudomature adolescents, and to a smaller extent, immature adolescents, are caught in a maturity gap, which could have longer-term implications for their transition to adulthood.
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| 4. |
- Mahoney, Joseph L., et al.
(författare)
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Unstructured youth recreation centre participation and antisocial behaviour development : Selection influences and the moderating role of antisocial peers.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 28:6, s. 553-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study involves a two-year longitudinal investigation of adolescent participation in unstructured youth recreation centres and the development of antisocial behaviour. Participants were 1163 adolescents who represented 92% of all eighth-grade students in the town of Orebro, Sweden, during the fall of 1999. Antisocial young people and those with poor relations to parents or school were likely to become involved in the centres. After controlling for these selection influences, the frequency of youth centre participation was associated with a significant increase in antisocial behaviour over time for boys and girls. Youth centres that aggregated many antisocial peers together were particularly likely to promote the antisocial behaviour of new attendees. The findings are consistent with prior theory and research on youth development and out-of-school activities. Activities that lack structure and skill-building aims appear to attract high-risk adolescents and the resulting social environment is conducive to the development of antisocial behaviour.
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| 5. |
- Mahoney, Joseph L., et al.
(författare)
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Youth recreation centre participation and criminal offending : a 20-year longitudinal study of Swedish boys
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 25:6, s. 509-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assessed whether participation in Swedish youth recreation centres (Fritidsgrdar) is related to long-term criminality assessed from late childhood to mid adulthood. A prospective, longitudinal investigation of a cohort of 498 boys (aged 10-13 yrs) from a Swedish community was employed. A pattern-analysis identified five configurations of boys who showed different profiles of social and academic competence at the age of 10. The configurations were compared with respect to juvenile and adult criminality for boys who did, and who did not, make the decision to participate in a youth recreation centre at age 13. Results showed that participation in youth centres was nonrandom. Boys with a multiple problem profile of both social and academic problems in school at age 10 showed more frequent participation in recreation centres at age 13. The frequency of criminal offending increased for all configurations of boys who became involved in a recreation centre. Frequent participation in youth centres was linked to high rates of juvenile offending and persistent offending (i.e., registered for one or several offences both as a juvenile and as an adult). These findings held after controlling for individual, family, and economic factors prior to youth centre involvement.
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| 6. |
- Möller, Kristiina, et al.
(författare)
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Are close relationships in adolescence linked with partner relationships in midlife? : A longitudinal, prospective study
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 25:1, s. 69-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utilising data from a Swedish longitudinal project, relationships with parents and friends were studied at ages 13 through 18, and with partners at age 37. The participants (N = 131, 56 females, 75 males) were either married or cohabiting in long-term relationships in midlife. In support of previous studies, which rely mostly on retrospective findings, we found in this longitudinal study that adolescents with affectionate and trustful relationships with their parents reported greater satisfaction with their partner relationships in midlife. This was specifically true for father-son relationships. Parent-parent relations in adolescence were not linked with the quality of adult partner relationships. Boys who were shy in relation to friends were more dissatisfied with their partner relationships, and boys who regarded cross-gender relationships as less important in adolescence were more satisfied with their adult partner relationships. Girls who were more worried about cross-gender relationships in adolescence were less satisfied with their partners. On the whole, adolescent boys' relationships with fathers had the clearest link with later adult partner relationships.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hagekull, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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The role of parental perceived control in child development: A longitudinal study
- 2001
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT. - : PSYCHOLOGY PRESS. - 0165-0254. ; 25:5, s. 429-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated the role of parental perceived control in child development. A discussion of the conceptual bases of two parental locus-of-control scales led to differential predictions as regards their relations with parent experiences during infa
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