| 1. |
- Neth, Maria, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Weighted score ratios (WRS) give transparent weighting in multicriteria sustainability assessments - A case study on removal of pharmaceutical residues from wastewater
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability assessment using multicriteria analysis (MCA) is a structured way of including criteria from the three sustainability dimensions (environmental, economic, and social) when comparing different alternatives. A problem with the conventional MCA methods is that the consequences of the weights given to different criteria are not transparent. Here, we amend the simple additive weighting MCA method with weighted score ratios (WSRs), which are used during the sustainability assessment to show how the weights affect the valuation of the criteria (e.g., cost per kg CO2e). This enables comparisons to other sustainability assessments and reference values from society, which increases the transparency and can make weighting more objective. We applied the method to a comparison of technologies for removal of pharmaceutical residues from wastewater. Due to growing concern about the effects that pharmaceutical residues can have on our environment, implementations of advanced technologies are increasing. However, they entail high requirements of energy and resources. Therefore, many aspects must be considered to make a sustainable choice of technology. In this study, a sustainability assessment was performed of ozonation, powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon for removal of pharmaceutical residues at a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sweden. The outcome showed that powdered activated carbon is the least sustainable choice for the studied WWTP. Whether ozonation or granular activated carbon is most sustainable depends on how climate impact and energy use are valued. The total sustainability of ozonation is affected by how the electricity is assumed to be produced, whereas for granular activated carbon it depends on whether the carbon source is of renewable or fossil origin. Using WSRs allowed the participants in the assessment to make conscious choices on how they weighted different criteria in relation to how these criteria are valued in society at large.
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| 2. |
- Sangskär, Heléne, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Safety, effectiveness, women's experience, and economic costs of outpatient induction in women with uncomplicated pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analyses.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 1879-3479. ; 161:2, s. 343-55
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Induction of labor is increasing worldwide, and some countries have started to introduce outpatient induction in low-risk women.To assess current knowledge concerning the safety, efficacy, women's experience, and economic costs of outpatient induction compared with inpatient induction.Multiple databases were last searched on October 19, 2021. Studies were selected according to our pre-specified inclusion, selection, and exclusion criteria.PICO; P-women with low-risk pregnancy planned for induction of labor. I-Outpatient induction C-Inpatient induction O-Outcomes according to the core outcome set for induction of labor (COSIOL).Pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.The 20 included studies, including 7956 women, showed an overall low incidence of adverse events and indicated comparable results for inpatient and outpatient induction, but the studies were underpowered for safety-related outcomes. Women's experiences of outpatient induction were mostly positive. Based on three studies, the economic costs consequence is inconclusive.Due to early randomization, heterogenic study design, and underpowered studies regarding safety outcome, the certainty of evidence is very low. It is uncertain whether outpatient induction affects the risk for neonatal and maternal complications.
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| 3. |
- Monie, Svante, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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A residential community-level virtual power plant to balance variable renewable power generation in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power systems with large shares of variable renewable electricity generation, i.e., wind and solar power, require high flexibility in both power generation and demand. Heat pumps and combined heat and power units within district heating systems and thermal storages have previously been studied for their potential to increase the flexibility of the energy system. When using these technologies for power balancing, they must be operated in a non-standard way with switched merit-order. This study hypothesizes that a residential area could form a locally operated entity, i.e., a virtual power plant, that provides power-balancing services to a national power system. The hypothesis is tested with a case study in Sweden where a combined heat and power unit, heat pumps, a local heat distribution system, and thermal storage constitute the local entity. A simulation of the energy balances in the system, with optimization of storage size, was performed. The results show that all power surpluses in the system are consumed by the heat pumps. 43% of the annual and 21% of the electricity peak load are covered by the combined heat and power unit. It is concluded that inter-seasonal thermal storage is crucial for the system’s flexibility. Also, large electricity surpluses, if converted to heat and stored, limit the ability of the virtual power plant to utilize the combined heat and power unit for power balancing at a later stage. Despite this, a local virtual power plant can provide increased flexibility by offering power-balancing services to the power system.
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| 4. |
- Sokolova, Ekaterina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Data-driven models for predicting microbial water quality in the drinking water source using E. coli monitoring and hydrometeorological data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid changes in microbial water quality in surface waters pose challenges for production of safe drinking water. If not treated to an acceptable level, microbial pathogens present in the drinking water can result in severe consequences for public health. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the suitability of data-driven models of different complexity for predicting the concentrations of E. coli in the river Göta älv at the water intake of the drinking water treatment plant in Gothenburg, Sweden. The objectives were to (i) assess how the complexity of the model affects the model performance; and (ii) identify relevant factors and assess their effect as predictors of E. coli levels. To forecast E. coli levels one day ahead, the data on laboratory measurements of E. coli and total coliforms, Colifast measurements of E. coli, water temperature, turbidity, precipitation, and water flow were used. The baseline approaches included Exponential Smoothing and ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), which are commonly used univariate methods, and a naive baseline that used the previous observed value as its next prediction. Also, models common in the machine learning domain were included: LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) Regression and Random Forest, and a tool for optimising machine learning pipelines – TPOT (Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool). Also, a multivariate autoregressive model VAR (Vector Autoregression) was included. The models that included multiple predictors performed better than univariate models. Random Forest and TPOT resulted in higher performance but showed a tendency of overfitting. Water temperature, microbial concentrations upstream and at the water intake, and precipitation upstream were shown to be important predictors. Data-driven modelling enables water producers to interpret the measurements in the context of what concentrations can be expected based on the recent historic data, and thus identify unexplained deviations warranting further investigation of their origin.
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| 5. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Thirty-five years of research on energy and power: A landscape analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 199
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urgent need to mitigate climate change and decarbonise the energy sector brings the risk that wider social and environmental concerns about the sustainability of energy systems are neglected. Countries may achieve decarbonization goals while reproducing or worsening the unequal distribution of access, opportunities, costs and burdens that is inherent to current energy systems. This study is motivated by the tension between visions for change towards sustainable energy systems and historic and contemporary inequities on the ground. The study contributes a quantitative, global-scope overview of existing research that places energy users and their lives at the centre of analysis for inclusive and equitable transitions. It further identifies the themes, concepts and perspectives that dominate scholarly debate and analyses the presence and relative influence of work that explicitly considers relations of power. The stepwise review uses the Scopus database and multiple bibliometric tools, covering the period until June 2022. It adopts a novel approach to identify dominant and marginal topics, geographical contexts and theoretical lenses employed including the uptake of critical social science approaches. The results indicate that dominant studies fail to engage critically with relationships of power. Even within the debate on “energy poverty”, work based in critical theory approaches account for less than seven percentages of the total body of work. For work on “energy justice” and users, four percentages of publications account for gender. The dominant language is technical and depoliticized. The study identifies research gaps and promising avenues for further research.
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| 6. |
- Göteman, Malin, 1980-
(författare)
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Multiple cluster scattering with applications to wave energy park optimizations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Ocean Research. - : Elsevier. - 0141-1187 .- 1879-1549. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theory and methods to compute the wave field and hydrodynamic interaction in arrays of fixed or floating structures have many applications, ranging from offshore platforms to wave energy parks. Analytical iterative and non-iterative multiple scattering theory, and extensions thereof, are often used for this purpose. However, the computational cost grows with the number of interacting bodies, and studies of large arrays of independently moving bodies often require assumptions in terms of layout periodicity, expansion in different length scales, or neglected degrees of freedom. In optimization studies of wave energy parks, many simulations are usually required, implying that the existing methods are too slow. The current paper extends analytical multiple scattering theory by dividing the floats in clusters, and computes the hydrodynamic interaction within clusters exactly, but iteratively between clusters. The method constitutes a bridge between the iterative and non-iterative multiple scattering methods, and enables a faster modelling of parks of many floating bodies, to a retained accuracy. The proposed method is validated with numerical and analytical methods with excellent agreement, to a drastically reduced computational cost.
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| 7. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Falling outside the system : Occupational safety and health inspectors’ experiences of micro-enterprises in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 11 Swedish occupational safety and health (OSH) inspectors were interviewed about their views of and experiences interacting with micro-enterprises (1-9 employees). The qualitative content analysis found one theme, “Falling outside the system”, and three subthemes, “The inspector—shaped by specific standards”, “The bureaucrat and the micro-entrepreneur—two separate worlds”, and “System faults and system changes”. According to the inspectors, the Swedish OSH regulatory system, with inspectors on the front line, neglects the specific needs, circumstances and characteristics of micro-enterprises. Therefore, we suggest revising the OSH regulatory system and following inspection methods and enforcement styles to better address the needs of micro-enterprises.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Ida, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching net-zero carbon emissions in construction supply chains - Analysis of a Swedish road construction project
- 2020
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Ingår i: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent estimates suggest that the construction sector accounts for approximately one quarter of global CO2 emissions. This paper assesses the potential for reducing the climate impact of road construction. The study is structured as a participatory integrated assessment with involvement from key stakeholders in the supply chain, supported by energy and material flow mapping, an extensive literature review and a scenario analysis. The results indicate that it is technically possible to halve road construction CO2 emissions with today's best available technologies and practices, to abate more than three quarters of the emissions by 2030 and achieve close to net zero emissions by 2045. Realising the current potential would rely on sufficient availability of sustainably produced second-generation biofuels, indicating a need to speed up the implementation of alternative abatement measures, including optimization of material use and mass handling requirements, increased recycling of steel, asphalt and aggregates and enhanced use of alternative binders in concrete. Policy measures and procurement strategies should be aligned to support these measures with a clear supply chain focus. For deep decarbonization several key opportunities and obstacles for realisation of breakthrough technologies for basic industry are highlighted including electrification and carbon capture for steel and cement, and hybridisation and electrification for heavy transport and construction equipment. There is a clear need to prepare for deeper abatement and associated transformative shifts already now and to carefully consider the pathway of getting there while avoiding pitfalls along the way, such as overreliance on biofuels or cost optimizations which cannot be scaled up to the levels required.
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| 9. |
- Lee, Eunji, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Verified Innovation Process for Healthcare Solutions (VIPHS): A Stepwise Model for Digital Health
- 2023
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Ingår i: Studies in health technology and informatics. - 1879-8365 .- 0926-9630. ; 302, s. 736-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many digital health projects often stop in the pilot or test phase. Realisation of new digital health services is often challenging due to lack of guidelines for the step-by-step roll-out and implementation of the systems when changing work processes and procedures are needed. This study describes development of the Verified Innovation Process for Healthcare Solutions (VIPHS) - a stepwise model for digital health innovation and utilisation using service design principles. A multiple case study (two cases) involving participant observation, role play, and semi-structured interviews were conducted for the model development in prehospital settings. The model might be helpful to support realisation of innovative digital health projects in a holistic, disciplined, and strategic way.
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| 10. |
- Lindmark, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Ventral hernia repair with concurrent intra-abdominal surgery : results from an eleven-year population-based cohort in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9610 .- 1879-1883. ; 226:3, s. 360-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One remaining question in ventral hernia repair is whether to perform concurrent abdominal surgery or plan two-stage procedures. The aim was to explore the risk for reoperation and mortality due to surgical complication during index admission.Method: Eleven-year data were retrieved from the National Patient Register and 68,058 primary surgical admissions were included, divided into minor and major hernia surgery and concurrent abdominal surgery. Results were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Results: The risk for reoperation during index admission was higher for patients with concurrent surgery. Major hernia surgery and major concurrent surgery had an OR 37.9 compared to major hernia surgery only. Mortality rate within 30 days increased, OR 9.32. The combined risk for serious adverse event was accumulative.Conclusion: These results stress the importance of critically evaluating needs for and planning of concurrent abdominal surgery during ventral hernia repair. Reoperation rate was a valid and useful outcome variable.
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