| 1. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching about photosynthesis with simple equipment: analysis of light-induced changes in fluorescence and reflectance of plant leaves
- 2013
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 116:2-3, s. 349-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar energy absorbed by plants results in either reflection or absorption. The latter results in photosynthesis, fluorescence, or heat. Measurements of fluorescence changes have been used for monitoring processes associated with photosynthesis. A simple method to follow changes in leaf fluorescence and leaf reflectance associated with nonphotochemical quenching and light acclimation of leaves is described. The main equipment needed consists of a green-light emitting laser pointer, a digital camera, and a personal computer equipped with the camera acquisition software and the programs ImageJ and Excel. Otherwise, only commonly available cheap materials are required.
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| 2. |
- Chow, Wah Soon, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying and monitoring functional photosystem II and the stoichiometry of the two photosystems in leaf segments : approaches and approximations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 113:1-3, s. 63-74
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given its unique function in light-induced water oxidation and its susceptibility to photoinactivation during photosynthesis, photosystem II (PS II) is often the focus of studies of photosynthetic structure and function, particularly in environmental stress conditions. Here we review four approaches for quantifying or monitoring PS II functionality or the stoichiometry of the two photosystems in leaf segments, scrutinizing the approximations in each approach. (1) Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are convenient to derive, but the information-rich signal suffers from the localized nature of its detection in leaf tissue. (2) The gross O-2 yield per single-turnover flash in CO2-enriched air is a more direct measurement of the functional content, assuming that each functional PS II evolves one O-2 molecule after four flashes. However, the gross O-2 yield per single-turnover flash (multiplied by four) could over-estimate the content of functional PS II if mitochondrial respiration is lower in flash illumination than in darkness. (3) The cumulative delivery of electrons from PS II to P700(+) (oxidized primary donor in PS I) after a flash is added to steady background far-red light is a whole-tissue measurement, such that a single linear correlation with functional PS II applies to leaves of all plant species investigated so far. However, the magnitude obtained in a simple analysis (with the signal normalized to the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 signal), which should equal the ratio of PS II to PS I centers, was too small to match the independently-obtained photosystem stoichiometry. Further, an under-estimation of functional PS II content could occur if some electrons were intercepted before reaching PS I. (4) The electrochromic signal from leaf segments appears to reliably quantify the photosystem stoichiometry, either by progressively photoinactivating PS II or suppressing PS I via photo-oxidation of a known fraction of the P700 with steady far-red light. Together, these approaches have the potential for quantitatively probing PS II in vivo in leaf segments, with prospects for application of the latter two approaches in the field.
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| 3. |
- Haniewicz, Patrycja, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation of monomeric photosystem II that retains the subunit PsbS.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 118:3, s. 199-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photosystem II has been purified from a transplastomic strain of Nicotiana tabacum according to two different protocols. Using the procedure described in Piano et al. (Photosynth Res 106:221-226, 2010) it was possible to isolate highly active PSII composed of monomers and dimers but depleted in their PsbS protein content. A "milder" procedure than the protocol reported by Fey et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta 1777:1501-1509, 2008) led to almost exclusively monomeric PSII complexes which in part still bind the PsbS protein. This finding might support a role for PSII monomers in higher plants.
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| 4. |
- Ivanov, A. G., et al.
(författare)
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Implications of alternative electron sinks in increased resistance of PSII and PSI photochemistry to high light stress in cold-acclimated Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2012
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - Dordrecht : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 113:1-3, s. 191-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure of control (non-hardened) Arabidopsis leaves to high light stress at 5 A degrees C resulted in a decrease of both photosystem II (PSII) (45 %) and Photosystem I (PSI) (35 %) photochemical efficiencies compared to non-treated plants. In contrast, cold-acclimated (CA) leaves exhibited only 35 and 22 % decrease of PSII and PSI photochemistry, respectively, under the same conditions. This was accompanied by an accelerated rate of P700(+) re-reduction, indicating an up-regulation of PSI-dependent cyclic electron transport (CET). Interestingly, the expression of the NDH-H gene and the relative abundance of the Ndh-H polypeptide, representing the NDH-complex, decreased as a result of exposure to low temperatures. This indicates that the NDH-dependent CET pathway cannot be involved and the overall stimulation of CET in CA plants is due to up-regulation of the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase, antimycin A-sensitive CET pathway. The lower abundance of NDH complex also implies lower activity of the chlororespiratory pathway in CA plants, although the expression level and overall abundance of the other well-characterized component involved in chlororespiration, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), was up-regulated at low temperatures. This suggests increased PTOX-mediated alternative electron flow to oxygen in plants exposed to low temperatures. Indeed, the estimated proportion of O-2-dependent linear electron transport not utilized in carbon assimilation and not directed to photorespiration was twofold higher in CA Arabidopsis. The possible involvement of alternative electron transport pathways in inducing greater resistance of both PSII and PSI to high light stress in CA plants is discussed.
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| 5. |
- Messinger, Johannes, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Warwick Hillier : a tribute
- 2014
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : SPRINGER. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 122:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Warwick Hillier (October 18, 1967-January 10, 2014) made seminal contributions to our understanding of photosynthetic water oxidation employing membrane inlet mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy. This article offers a collection of historical perspectives on the scientific impact of Warwick Hillier's work and tributes to the personal impact his life and ideas had on his collaborators and colleagues.
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| 6. |
- Palecek, David, et al.
(författare)
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Low-temperature spectroscopy of bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates
- 2014
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 119:3, s. 331-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorosomes from green photosynthetic bacteria belong to the most effective light-harvesting antennas found in nature. Quinones incorporated in bacterichlorophyll (BChl) c aggregates inside chlorosomes play an important redox-dependent photo-protection role against oxidative damage of bacterial reaction centers. Artificial BChl c aggregates with and without quinones were prepared. We applied hole-burning spectroscopy and steady-state absorption and emission techniques at 1.9 K and two different redox potentials to investigate the role of quinones and redox potential on BChl c aggregates at low temperatures. We show that quinones quench the excitation energy in a similar manner as at room temperature, yet the quenching process is not as efficient as for chlorosomes. Interestingly, our data suggest that excitation quenching partially proceeds from higher excitonic states competing with ultrafast exciton relaxation. Moreover, we obtained structure-related parameters such as reorganization energies and inhomogeneous broadening of the lowest excited state, providing experimental ground for theoretical studies aiming at designing plausible large-scale model for BChl c aggregates including disorder.
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| 7. |
- Ryberg, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Margareta Ryberg (1946–2012): a personal tribute
- 2012
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 112:3, s. 149-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We pay tribute to the life and work of Margareta Ryberg (1946–2012). She was an expert on the different forms of protochlorophyll(ide), their protein partners, and their transformations in angiosperms; on the structural aspects, and the nature of prolamellar bodies, as well as on the localization of light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxido-reductase. She was a great teacher, who also loved gardening and handicraft. But above all, she was a beloved wife, mother, grandmother, and friend who will be deeply missed.
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| 8. |
- Selstam, Eva, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between different spectral forms of the protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase complex and the structural organisation of prolamellar bodies isolated from Zea mays
- 2011
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 108:1, s. 47-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incubation of prolamellar bodies (PLB) in high-salt media leads to changes in PLB structure and properties of their protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase-protochlorophyllide (POR-PChlide) complex. The paracrystalline organisation typical of PLB is disrupted and NADPH dissociates from photoconvertible POR-PChlide, with absorption maxima at 640 and 650 nm (POR-PChlide ( 640/650 )), and a non-photoconvertible form, with absorption maxima at 635 nm (POR-PChlide ( 635 )), is formed. These effects are strongly dependent on the valence of the cation of the perturbing salt, indicating that they involve surface double layers effects. They are also influenced by the nature of the anion and by high concentrations of non-electrolytes, suggesting the involvement of surface hydration effects. The structural changes are largely, if not entirely, independent of the presence of excess NADPH. Changes to the POR-PChlide complex, however, are strongly inhibited by excess NADPH suggesting that the two sets of changes may not be causally linked. As long as the disruption is not too great, the structural changes seen on incubation of PLB in high salt media lacking excess NADPH are reversed on removal of the high salt perturbation. This reversal is independent of the presence or absence of added NADPH. Reformation of photoconvertible POR-PChlide, however, requires the presence of NADPH. The reformation of paracrystalline PLB in the absence of NADPH strongly indicates that preservation of PLB structure, in isolated PLB preparations at least, is independent of the presence or absence of POR-PChlide ( 650 ).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Shevela, Dmitriy, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency of photosynthetic water oxidation at ambient and depleted levels of inorganic carbon
- 2013
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 117:1-3, s. 401-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over 40 years ago, Joliot et al. (Photochem Photobiol 10:309-329, 1969) designed and employed an elegant and highly sensitive electrochemical technique capable of measuring O2 evolved by photosystem II (PSII) in response to trains of single turn-over light flashes. The measurement and analysis of flash-induced oxygen evolution patterns (FIOPs) has since proven to be a powerful method for probing the turnover efficiency of PSII. Stemler et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71(12):4679-4683, 1974), in Govindjee's lab, were the first to study the effect of "bicarbonate" on FIOPs by adding the competitive inhibitor acetate. Here, we extend this earlier work by performing FIOPs experiments at various, strictly controlled inorganic carbon (Ci) levels without addition of any inhibitors. For this, we placed a Joliot-type bare platinum electrode inside a N2-filled glove-box (containing 10-20 ppm CO2) and reduced the Ci concentration simply by washing the samples in Ci-depleted media. FIOPs of spinach thylakoids were recorded either at 20-times reduced levels of Ci or at ambient Ci conditions (390 ppm CO2). Numerical analysis of the FIOPs within an extended Kok model reveals that under Ci-depleted conditions the miss probability is discernibly larger (by 2-3 %) than at ambient conditions, and that the addition of 5 mM HCO3 (-) to the Ci-depleted thylakoids largely restores the original miss parameter. Since a "mild" Ci-depletion procedure was employed, we discuss our data with respect to a possible function of free or weakly bound HCO3 (-) at the water-splitting side of PSII.
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