| 1. |
- Bricarello, Daniel A, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibiting host-pathogen interactions using membrane-based nanostructures
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 30:6, s. 323-330
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virulent strains of bacteria and viruses recognize host cells by their plasma membrane receptors and often exploit the native translocation machinery to invade the cell. A promising therapeutic concept for early interruption of pathogen infection is to subvert this pathogenic trickery using exogenously introduced decoys that present high-affinity mimics of cellular receptors. This review highlights emerging applications of molecularly engineered lipid-bilayer-based nanostructures, namely (i) functionalized liposomes, (ii) supported colloidal bilayers or protocells and (Hi) reconstituted lipoproteins, which display functional cellular receptors in optimized conformational and aggregative states. These decoys outcompete host cell receptors by preferentially binding to and neutralizing virulence factors of both bacteria and viruses, thereby promising a new approach to antipathogenic therapy.
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| 2. |
- Forabosco, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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An algorithm for the identification of genetically modified animals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 31, s. 272-274
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The diffusion of genetically modified (GM) animals has generated a demand for accurate and unique identification to assure compliance with relevant national and international legislation. Individual identification of GM animals is essential to improve safety and traceability, as well as to fulfill the present and future expectations of producers, consumers, and authorities.
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| 3. |
- Gardossi, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for reporting of biocatalytic reactions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 28:4, s. 171-180
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzymes and whole cells are being increasingly applied in research and industry, but the adoption of biocatalysis relies strongly on useful scientific literature. Unfortunately, too many published papers lack essential information needed to reproduce and understand the results. Here, members of the scientific committee of the European Federation of Biotechnology Section on Applied Biocatalysis (ESAB) provide practical guidelines for reporting experiments. The document embraces the recommendations of the STRENDA initiative (Standards for Reporting Enzymology Data) in the context of pure enzymology and provides further guidelines and explanations on topics of crucial relevance for biocatalysis. In particular, guidelines are given on issues such as the selectivity, specificity, productivity and stability of biocatalysts, as well as on methodological problems related to reactions in multiphase systems. We believe that adoption and use of these guidelines could greatly increase the value and impact of published work in biocatalysis, and hence promote the further growth of applications.
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| 4. |
- Jonas, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Does genomic selection have a future in plant breeding?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 31, s. 497-504
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant breeding largely depends on phenotypic selection in plots and only for some, often disease-resistance-related traits, uses genetic markers. The more recently developed concept of genomic selection, using a black box approach with no need of prior knowledge about the effect or function of individual markers, has also been proposed as a great opportunity for plant breeding. Several empirical and theoretical studies have focused on the possibility to implement this as a novel molecular method across various species. Although we do not question the potential of genomic selection in general, in this Opinion, we emphasize that genomic selection approaches from dairy cattle breeding cannot be easily applied to complex plant breeding.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for systems biology and modeling of the gut microbiome
- 2011
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 29:6, s. 251-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abundant microorganisms that inhabit the human intestine are implicated in health and disease. The gut microbiome has been studied with metagenomic tools, and over 3 million genes have been discovered, constituting a 'parts list' of this ecosystem; further understanding requires studies of the interacting parts. Mouse models have provided a glimpse into the microbiota and host interactions at metabolic and immunologic levels; however, to provide more insight, there is a need to generate mathematical models that can reveal genotype-phenotype relationships and provide scaffolds for integrated analyses. To this end, we propose the use of genome-scale metabolic models that have successfully been used in studying interactions between human hosts and microbes, as well as microbes in isolation and in communities.
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| 6. |
- Koppram, Rakesh, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: Challenges and perspectives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 32:1, s. 46-53
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In brewing and ethanol-based biofuel industries, high-gravity fermentation produces 10-15% (v/v) ethanol, resulting in improved overall productivity, reduced capital cost, and reduced energy input compared to processing at normal gravity. High-gravity technology ensures a successful implementation of cellulose to ethanol conversion as a cost-competitive process. Implementation of such technologies is possible if all process steps can be performed at high biomass concentrations. This review focuses on challenges and technological efforts in processing at high-gravity conditions and how these conditions influence the physiology and metabolism of fermenting microorganisms, the action of enzymes, and other process-related factors. Lignocellulosic materials add challenges compared to implemented processes due to high inhibitors content and the physical properties of these materials at high gravity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Patra, Hirak K., et al.
(författare)
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The potential legacy of cancer nanotechnology: celluar selection
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 32:1, s. 21-31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overexpression of oncogenes or loss of tumour suppressors can transform a normal cell to a cancerous one, resulting in uncontrolled regulation of intracellular signalling pathways and immunity to stresses, which both pose therapeutic challenges. Conventional approaches to cancer therapy, although they are effective at killing cancer cells, may still fail due to inadequate biodistribution and unwanted side effects. Nanotechnology-based approaches provide a promising alternative, with the possibility of targeting cells at an early stage, during their transformation into cancer cells. This review considers techniques that specifically target those molecular changes, which begin in only a very small percentage of normal cells as they undergo transformation. These techniques are crucial for early-stage diagnosis and therapy.
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| 8. |
- Poma, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the manufacture of MIP nanoparticles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 28:12, s. 629-637
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are prepared by creating a three-dimensional polymeric matrix around a template molecule After the matrix is removed, complementary cavities with respect to shape and functional groups remain MIPs have been produced for applications in in vitro diagnostics, therapeutics and separations However, this promising technology still lacks widespread application because of issues related to large-scale production and optimization of the synthesis Recent developments in the area of MIP nanoparticles might offer solutions to several problems associated with performance and application This review discusses various approaches used in the preparation of MIP nanoparticles, focusing in particular on the issues associated with large-scale manufacture and implications for the performance of synthesized nanomaterials
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| 9. |
- Preechaburana, Pakorn, et al.
(författare)
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Biosensing with cell phones
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 32:7, s. 351-355
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued progress in cell-phone devices has made them powerful mobile computers, equipped with sophisticated, permanent physical sensors embedded as the default configuration. By contrast, the incorporation of permanent biosensors in cell-phone units has been prevented by the multivocal nature of the stimuli and the reactions involved in biosensing and chemical sensing. Biosensing with cell phones entails the complementation of biosensing devices with the physical sensors and communication and processing capabilities of modern cell phones. Biosensing, chemical-sensing, environmental-sensing, and diagnostic capabilities would thus be supported and run on the residual capacity of existing cell-phone infrastructure. The technologies necessary to materialize such a scenario have emerged in different fields and applications. This article addresses the progress on cell-phone biosensing, the specific compromises, and the blend of technologies required to craft biosensing on cell phones.
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| 10. |
- Turner, Anthony
(författare)
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Letter: Biosensors: then and now
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 31:3, s. 119-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
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