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- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemosensory attention, habituation and detection in women and men
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 79, s. 316-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences between women and men in how chemosensory stimuli are processed. Event-related potentials from 36 participants (18 men) showed that women had larger P3 amplitudes when attending, but not when ignoring CO 2 but not for n-butanol, compared with men. The main finding was that women and men differ in cognitive measures of chemosensory processing.
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| 5. |
- Lennartsson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Sex steroid levels temporarily increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men and women
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 84:3, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that acute psychosocial stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the effect of acute psychosocial stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and levels of sex steroids are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute psychosocial stress on serum concentrations of sex steroids in healthy men and women. Twenty men and 19 women (age 30-50 years) underwent Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Blood samples were collected before, directly after the stress test, and after 30 min of recovery. Concentrations of androgens were measured with high specificity LC-MS/MS method; concentrations of cortisol, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were determined using immunoassays. In both men and women we observed significantly elevated levels of testosterone, estradiol, androstenedione and sex hormone binding globulin along with significantly increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as a response to the stressor. Thus, even though the HPG axis and the production of sex steroids may be inhibited during prolonged periods of stress, the sex steroid levels may increase in the initial phase of acute psychosocial stress. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Nordin, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of auditory, visual and olfactory event-related potentials for comparing interspersed- and single-stimulus paradigms
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 81:3, s. 252-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An interspersed-stimulus paradigm (ISP) for event-related potential (ERP) recordings in which different sensory modality stimuli are presented within the same test session was developed to minimize recording time and facilitate modality comparison. The present study compared the ISP with a single-stimulus paradigm (SSP), using auditory, visual, and olfactory stimuli. Method: Normal participants (n=16) were assessed on two independent test occasions to obtain data on inter-paradigm and test-retest reliability. Peak amplitude/latency and area measures were obtained for the N1, P2 and P3 peaks for each paradigm. Results: Except for larger auditory and visual P3 peaks and smaller visual P2 peaks in the ISP, no significant differences in amplitudes or latencies were found between the two paradigms. Correlation coef ficients between paradigms were generally fairly high (amplitude mean r=0.76; latency r=0.42). Test–retest reliability within paradigms for amplitudes (ISP r=0.70; SSP r=0.68) and latencies (ISP r=0.44; SSP r=0.42) was similar across paradigms. Conclusion: Thefindings suggest that the ISP, compared to the SSP, produces, in general, highly comparable auditory, visual, and olfactory peak amplitudes and latencies, and comparable reliability estimates, even though the ISP takes much less time to record (25 vs. 50 min). The larger auditory and visual P3 peaks and smaller visual P2 peaks in the ISP may be attributable to a less predictable stimulus environment. Thus, this method enables systematic comparisons of ERP peaks across sensory modalities while reducing testing time. Practical implications are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Peira, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling the emotional heart : Heart rate biofeedback improves cardiac control during emotional reactions
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 91:3, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When regulating negative emotional reactions, one goal is to reduce physiological reactions. However, not all regulation strategies succeed in doing that. We tested whether heart rate biofeedback helped participants reduce physiological reactions in response to negative and neutral pictures. When viewing neutral pictures, participants could regulate their heart rate whether the heart rate feedback was real or not. In contrast, when viewing negative pictures, participants could regulate heart rate only when feedback was real. Ratings of task success paralleled heart rate. Participants' general level of anxiety, emotion awareness, or cognitive emotion regulation strategies did not influence the results. Our findings show that accurate online heart rate biofeedback provides an efficient way to down-regulate autonomic physiological reactions when encountering negative stimuli.
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| 9. |
- Pfaltz, Monique C., et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and respiratory behavior in daily life of patients with panic disorder and healthy controls
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 78:1, s. 42-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panic disorder (PD) has been linked in laboratory investigations to respiratory alterations, particularly persistent respiratory variability. However, studies of PD respiratory pattern outside the laboratory are rare, have not controlled for the confounding influence of varying levels of physical activity, and have not addressed whether abnormalities in respiratory pattern vary depending on the intensity of physical activity. Cognitive and biological theories of PD, in fact, predict that respiratory alterations may be particularly pronounced when patients are physically active. This study assessed physical activity and respiratory pattern of 26 PD patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) during two waking periods of daily life (9:00-21:00) one week apart. Respiratory data were stratified for predefined levels of physical activity (inactivity, minimal movement, slow/moderate/fast walking, and running) and analyzed using linear mixed models. Groups did not generally differ in respiratory measures, although PD patients did show elevated variability of absolute levels of tidal volume during minimal movement and slow walking (root mean squared successive differences). Other ways of analyzing tidal volume variability based on relative levels, percentage of sighing, or pooled activity levels did not substantiate this finding. Amount of time spent at different activity levels did not differ between groups, which is at variance with studies linking anticipatory anxiety with motoric agitation, and PD with self-reported avoidance of exercise. In conclusion, results provided little evidence for respiratory abnormalities or central respiratory dysregulation in PD at varying levels of activity, although instability of tidal volume regulation during low activity remains a possibility. Our research approach indicates the usefulness of stratification of real life data on the basis of levels of activity, as well as how ambulatory assessment strategies, complementarily to laboratory studies, may improve understanding of biological and psychological factors contributing to development and maintenance of PD and other anxiety disorders. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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| 10. |
- Croy, Ilona, et al.
(författare)
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Habituation effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760. ; 88:1, s. 104-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The hedonic value of odors is reflected in chemosensory evoked potentials with more salient unpleasant odors being processed differently from pleasant odors. However, it is not known if this effect is stable over time. It was examined if chemosensory evoked potentials towards pleasant and unpleasant odors change with repeated presentation. Methods: 42 participants received two pleasant (Peach and PEA) and one unpleasant (H2S) intensity matched odors in a block design. Intensity and pleasantness were rated after each presentation. Subjective ratings, as well as N1 and P2 of the first stimulus of each block were compared with the two following stimuli of each block. Results: Early and late components of the chemosensory evoked potentials had shorter latencies in response to the unpleasant H2S compared to PEA and Peach. Pleasantness ratings for H2S increased with repeated presentation but were far below neutral even for the third stimulus in a row. In line with this, for H2S only, the P2 amplitude diminished with repeated presentation. Conclusion: We assume that unpleasant stimuli catch more attention first hand. However, repeated presentation leads to reduced emotional salience of unpleasant stimuli only, which is mirrored in a decrease of neuronal activation.
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