| 1. |
- Bjarnegård, Elin, 1976-
(författare)
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The continuum of election violence : Gendered candidate experiences in the Maldives
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : Sage Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 44:1, s. 107-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on election violence often does not capture its psychological and gendered dimensions. Gender differences on the continuum of violence, as acknowledged in other fields, are applied here to election violence. Specifically, this article explores ways to unveil the forms of election violence that are hidden from the view of an external observer because they are either not carried out in public or not recognized as violence. Survey data and interview material was collected from men and women political candidates participating in the 2014 national elections in the Maldives. The study concludes that the continuum of violence is relevant for adequately assessing the full range of illegitimate acts used against men and women candidates to affect electoral races. Women candidates in the Maldives were more exposed than men candidates to threats and to verbal and figurative sexualized aggression.
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| 2. |
- Cronert, Axel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional foundations of global well-being : Democracy, state capacity and social protection
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : Sage Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 42:5, s. 705-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an article about the foundations of human well-being. It makes two integrated contributions. We first examine well-being around the contemporary world, finding a remarkable correlation between subjective and objective measures and a considerable variation in overall well-being among countries. We then argue that certain institutional conditions have laid the basis for these differences. Integrating insights from several research strands, we outline a new explanatory model of popular well-being that considers the interactions between three institutional provisions: a well-functioning democracy, advanced state capacity, and an encompassing social protection system. To test the relationships implied, we used a new dataset involving more than 100 countries in the contemporary world that extends six decades back in time. Our investigations indicated that all three factors play a role in promoting popular well-being. However, to understand how, we need to consider the ways in which they can complement, substitute and mutually reinforce each other.
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| 3. |
- Hellquist, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Regional sanctions and the struggle for democracy : Introduction to the special issue
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 42:4, s. 437-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional organisations (ROs) around the world increasingly use sanctions against member states in situations of democratic crisis. This special issue unpacks the trend of RO sanctions in regions that are both democracy-dense (Europe and the Americas) and autocracy-dense (Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East). We argue that regional sanctions cannot be taken at face value as instruments of democracy promotion. Instead, the politics of regional sanctions unveil controversies over the substance and limits of democracy, as well as over practical processes of regional interference in a sphere that is at the core of ‘domestic affairs’. In this introductory article, we situate the special issue at the crossroads of debates within comparative regionalism, sanctions, and democracy/autocracy promotion, and discuss how the membership premise crucially distinguishes RO measures from foreign policy and United Nations (UN) sanctions.
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| 4. |
- Hellquist, Elin
(författare)
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Regional sanctions as peer review : The African Union against Egypt (2013) and Sudan (2019)
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 42:4, s. 451-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article offers a novel argument about regional sanctions as in-group peer review, drawing on an analogy from the world of academic publishing. Through their leaning on community-derived authority, equality before the peer, and constructive criticism, regional sanctions have a previously overlooked legitimacy advantage over out-group sanctions used by external actors. The article probes the empirical bearing of this argument for African Union (AU) sanctions against Egypt (2013) and Sudan (2019). Even in these contentious democratic crises, perceptions of sanctions in African media broadly support the theoretical intuition of regional sanctions as a form of peer review. It is, however, far from obvious that peer review leads to successful enforcement of democratic norms beyond urgent crisis. Pragmatic and resolution-oriented, AU sanctions aim at avoiding anarchy rather than at achieving flawless democracy.
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| 5. |
- Holdo, Markus, 1984-
(författare)
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How can we trust a political leader? : Ethics, institutions, and relational theory
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : Sage Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 43:2, s. 226-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- That citizens can trust leaders in politics and the public sphere to be sincere and truthful helps to make democracy work. However, the idea of authentic communication raises both sociological and ethical questions. Scholars focusing on institutional conditions emphasize that audiences only have reasons to trust speakers that appear to have incentives to be truthful, unless they know them personally. However, theorists of ethics argue that authentic communication requires genuine commitment, which is conceptually at odds with self-interested reasoning. This article finds that both incentives and genuine commitment are necessary conditions for trustworthiness in speech, but neither is sufficient on its own. The problem is thus how to combine them. Examining the work of Habermas and Bourdieu, this article develops a relational perspective on authentic communication. It suggests that latent institutions can induce trust by making trustworthiness preferable, and still allow speakers to earn citizens' trust through genuine ethical commitment.
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| 6. |
- Koliev, Faradj
(författare)
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Shaming and democracy : Explaining inter-state shaming in international organizations
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 41:4, s. 538-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why do some states name and shame norm-violating states while other states abstain? Inter-state naming and shaming is typically viewed as a political tool to punish adversaries and reward allies. In this study, I propose a regime-type explanation for inter-state shaming in international politics. I pose two interrelated questions. First, are democracies more prone to condemn norm violations than non-democratic countries? Second, are democracies likely to shame each other in cases of norm violations? In search of answers to these questions, I use a unique dataset on inter-state shaming the International Labour Organization (ILO) for the period 1991-2011. In line with my main argument, the results suggest that democracies are more likely than non-democracies to engage in the shaming of norm violators, while providing no evidence for special relations between democracies. In addition, this study unpacks other factors influencing the inter-state shaming. The findings have implications for how we understand state interactions in international politics.
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| 7. |
- Malkopoulou, Anthoula, et al.
(författare)
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The Politics of Voter Presence
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X. ; 43:2, s. 157-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By focusing only on the composition of representative bodies, the traditional ‘politics of presence’ approach has inadvertently diminished the value of participation for representation. It overlooks that there exist ‘elite voters’ who reinforce discrimination against abstainers at the policy level and create obstacles for improving the lives of the marginalized. We offer a remedy to persisting patterns of political exclusion by arguing in favour of a ‘politics of presence’ at the polls. This requires high and socially diverse turnout that will make representation more inclusive, broader and qualitatively different; it will be more descriptive, not of group characteristics, but of the interests, opinions and ideas of voters. Our alternative is a fusion of descriptive and substantive representation: ‘descriptive responsiveness’.
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| 8. |
- McDonnell, Duncan, et al.
(författare)
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Reputation versus office : Why populist radical right governmental participation has differed between Sweden and Denmark
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden and Denmark have presented contrasting relationships between centre-right and populist radical right (PRR) parties. In Sweden, the centre-right has refused cooperation with the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) (SD), even when this cost the centre-right office. However, in Denmark, coalitions led by centre-right parties have cooperated with the Danish People’s Party (Dansk Folkeparti) (DF) on multiple occasions. Through a controlled comparison, we examine what explains these different outcomes. Using Chapel Hill Expert Surveys and public opinion data, we firstly look at the policy congruence between parties and the social acceptability of cooperation. We then examine interview material with representatives from centre-right and PRR parties in Sweden and Denmark to see their explanations of cooperation and non-cooperation. We conclude that, while the office goals of Danish centre-right parties, along with the policy focus and uncontroversial past of DF, explain that case, the reputation and past of SD has precluded a similar outcome.
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| 9. |
- Robertson, Felicia
(författare)
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Who reduces political trust after experiencing corruption? Introducing the role of personality traits
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Political Science Review. - : Sage Publications. - 0192-5121 .- 1460-373X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the interplay between corruption, personality traits and political trust. It argues that individuals’ personality traits may condition the effect of corruption experience on trust and that these traits also affect how individuals are exposed to corrupt experiences. Using data from the AmericasBarometer 2010, the study finds that openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness and emotional stability amplify the negative effect of corruption on trust in the police. However, only extraversion amplifies the negative effect of corrupt experiences on trust in government. The study also finds that openness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability are linked to exposure to corruption. The study contributes to the literature by showing that personality affects exposure to corruption and constrains the effect of corruption on political trust.
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