| 1. |
- Bagge, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected presence of the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF and the neurotrophin receptor p75 in the tendon cells of the human Achilles tendon
- 2009
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 24:7, s. 839-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurotrophins are substances that have been shown to be important in growth and remodelling phases in different types of tissue. There is no information concerning the possible occurrences of neurotrophins and their receptors in tendons. In this study, sections of both chronic painful (tendinosis) and pain-free (non-tendinosis) human Achilles tendons were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF, and their receptors TrkA, TrkB and p75. There were marked immunoreactions for NGF and BDNF in the tendon cells (tenocytes) of both tendinosis and non-tendinosis specimens. The tenocytes were also reactive for the receptor p75, but not for the receptors TrkA and TrkB. In addition, p75 immunoreactions were seen in nerve fascicles and in the walls of arterioles. This is the first study to identify neurotrophins in the tenocytes of human tendon. It is clear from this study that the local cells of tendons are sources of neurotrophins. The neurotrophins may play an important role in the tendon through their interaction with the receptor p75 in the tenocytes. These interactions may regulate tropic modulatory, and apoptotic effects. In conclusion, the observations show a new concept concerning production and function of neurotrophins, namely in the tenocytes of tendons.
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| 2. |
- Bjur, Dennis, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization observations favor a local catecholamine production in the human Achilles tendon
- 2008
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 23:2, s. 197-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of recent studies using immunohistochemistry show evidence of an occurrence of catecholamine production in the cells (tenocytes) of patellar tendons exhibiting tendinopathy (tendinosis). In the present study, antibodies against the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and alpha1-adrenoreceptors were applied to sections of specimens of normal and tendinosis Achilles tendons. In situ hybridization using a probe detecting human TH mRNA was also utilized. It was found that sympathetic innervation was very scarce. On the other hand, there were distinct alpha1-adrenoreceptor immunoreactions in blood vessel walls. Interestingly, tenocytes, particularly from tendinosis samples in which the tenocytes showed an abnormal shape (not the typical slender appearance), displayed TH immunoreactions and reactions for TH mRNA. Of further interest was the finding of alpha1-adrenoreceptor immunoreactions in tenocytes. The observations show not only evidence of local catecholamine production at the protein level, which was the case in recent studies for the patellar tendon, but also at the mRNA level. The observations suggest that the tenocytes, especially those with disfigured appearances in tendinosis, can produce catecholamines and also that they can respond to sympathetic transmitters. This is of interest as adrenergic stimulation in other parts of the body is known to induce degenerative/apoptotic and proliferative events, features which are seen in Achilles tendinosis. These observations are completely new findings concerning the human Achilles tendon. It is likely that locally produced catecholamines and the occurrence of autocrine/paracrine effects of these substances are of great relevance during the process of tendinosis.
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| 3. |
- El-Salhy, Magdy, 1951-
(författare)
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Effects of triple therapy with octreotide, galanin and serotonin on a human colon cancer cell line implanted in mice : Comparison between different routes of administration
- 2005
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 20:1, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A human colon cancer cell line was implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. After 7 days, the animals were divided into four groups. The first group received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) continuous infusion by an osmotic pump, the second was given i.p. bolus injections, the third received continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion by an osmotic pump and the fourth group was given bolus s.c. injections. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups. The first subgroup received triple treatment with octreotide, galanin, and serotonin, 40 μg/kg body weight/day of each. The second subgroup was given sterile saline solution. Treatment lasted for 14 days. The volume and wet weight of the tumours in all treated groups tended to decrease, but was statistically significant only in the group with continuous i.p. infusion. The number of viable cells tended to decrease in all the treated groups, but was not statistically significant. Proliferation index was significantly reduced in mice given triple therapy i.p. as bolus injection and as continuous infusion, as compared with their respective controls. The apoptotic index increased significantly in mice receiving triple therapy as continuous i.p. infusion as revealed by both the TUNEL method and by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression. The number of tumour blood vessels was significantly reduced in the mice given triple therapy as continuous i.p. infusion, as compared with controls. There was no statistical difference between animals treated by different routes, regarding proliferation or apoptosis of the cancer cells, or the number or mean luminal area of tumour blood vessels. The present investigation showed that regardless of the route of administration, triple therapy with octreotide, galanin and serotonin generally reduced the volumes, weights, viable cells, vascularization and proliferation of the tumours, as well as inducing apoptosis. Continuous i.p. infusion appears, however, to be the most effective route of administration.
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| 4. |
- El-Salhy, Magdy, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of triple treatment with octreotide, galanin and serotonin on a human pancreas cancer cell line in xenografts
- 2005
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 20:3, s. 745-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human pancreas cancer cells were implanted s.c. in nude mice. After 11 days, the mice were divided into two groups of 13. The first group received sterile saline solution and the second received triple therapy containing octreotide, galanin and serotonin, 40 μg/kg/day as a continuous i.p. infusion via an implanted osmotic pump for 14 days. Triple therapy prolonged the survival rate of the mice bearing human pancreatic carcinoma. Both the volume and weight of tumours in mice given triple therapy were less than in controls (not statistically significant). The proliferation index and the labelling index for epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased significantly in mice given triple therapy vis-á-vis controls. There was no statistically significant difference between control and treated tumours as regards, apoptotic index, necrosis, or number of tumour blood vessels. The increased survival rate was attributed to the reduced tumour load, since both weight and volume were reduced. It is most probable that octreotide was the responsible agent. Further investigation with single and double combinations of octreotide, galanin and serotonin are needed to identify the cause of increased cell proliferation in tumours subjected to these bioactive substances. Identifying the agent(s) inducing pancreatic cancer cell proliferation may be useful in combining a new treatment, as antagonists to these bioactive substances are available.
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| 5. |
- Gao, Jingfang, et al.
(författare)
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RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 proteins in relation to tumour development and prognosis in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - : Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 23:12, s. 1495-1502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 complex is essential for DNA double-strand break repair and for maintaining genomic integrity. In this study, we immunohistochemically examined MRE11, NBS1 and RAD50 expression in primary CRCs (n = 208), the corresponding distant (n= 41) and adjacent normal mucosa ( n= 130), and lymph node metastases ( n= 26), and investigated their clinicopathological significance in colorectal cancers ( CRCs). We found that the intensity and percentage of MRE11 and NBS1 in primary CRCs were positively correlated with each other and with RAD50 (P < 0.0001). Strong expression of MRE11, NBS1 or combined RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 was related to MSS, positive hMLH1 expression, earlier tumour stage (TNM stage I and II) and favourable survival (P < 0.05). A high percentage of MRE11 expression was associated with less local recurrence and high apoptotic activity (P < 0.05). In MSS CRCs, the expression of MRE11 and NBS1 was stronger than that in normal mucosa (P < 0.05), and strong expression of NBS1 in primary tumour was related to favourable survival of patients in TNM stage I and II (univariate analysis: P = 0.03; multivariate analysis: P = 0.07). In MSI CRCs, neither MRE11 nor NBS1 expression showed differences among normal mucosa, primary tumour and metastasis, or among clinicopathological variables. In conclusion, RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 proteins interacted with each other, which had different clinicopathological significance in MSS and MSI CRCs, and further, each component of the complex might have additional roles. NBS1 might be a prognostic factor for patients with MSS tumour in TNM stage I and II.
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| 6. |
- Meng, N, et al.
(författare)
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RECK, a novel matrix metalloproteinase regulator
- 2008
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - : Hernandéz. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 23:8, s. 1003-1010
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules are important for creating the cellular environments required during development and morphogenesis of tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of Zn-dependent endopeptidases that collectively are capable of cleaving virtually all ECM substrates, and play an important role in some physiological and pathological processes. MMP activity can be inhibited by some natural and artificial inhibitors. A newly found membrane-anchored regulator of MMPs, the reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK), is downregulated when the cells undergo a process of malignant transformation, and is currently the subject of considerable research activity because of its specific structure and function. In this review, we have chosen to concentrate our efforts on the structure, function, regulation, and future prospect of RECK in order to provide a new target for prevention and treatment of tumours
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| 7. |
- Rauma, Jussi, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin cell density in the gastrointestinal tracts of animal models of human diabetes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - : Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histologia. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 21:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin cell density in the gastrointestinaltract of animal models of human diabetes type 1 and 2was investigated. The animals used were non-obesediabetic (NOD) mice and obese diabetic mice. Ghrelincells were detected by immunohistochemistry andquantified by computerized image analysis. Ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were detected in all animalsstudied. They were abundant in the oxyntic mucosa,patchy and few in the duodenum and rare in the colon.The density of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells decreasedin diabetic, pre-diabetic NOD mice and in obese diabeticmice as compared to controls, though not statisticallysignificant. It was concluded that the reduced density ofghrelin-immunoreactive cells in animal models ofhuman diabetes type 1 and 2 might explain the slowgastric emptying and slow intestinal transit found indiabetes gastroenteropathy.
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| 8. |
- Sun, Xiao-Feng, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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NFKB and NFKBI polymorphisms in relation to susceptibility of tumour and other diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 22:10-12, s. 1387-1398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is responsible for the expression by regulating many genes for immune response, cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. The function of NF-κB is inhibited by binding to NF-κB inhibitor (IκB), and imbalance of NF-κB and IκB has been associated with development of many diseases, including tumours. In this review, we focus on polymorphisms of the NFKB and NFKBI genes in relation to development of common inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, giant cell arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, celiac disease, and Parkinson's disease, as well as susceptibility of several cancers, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and myeloma.
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| 9. |
- Tjomsland, Vegard, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of single, double or triple combinations of octreotide, galanin and serotonin on a human pancreatic cancer cell line
- 2005
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 20:2, s. 537-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human pancreatic cancer cell line (SW 1990) was exposed to 0.2 μg/ml of octreotide, galanin or serotonin as single, double or triple combinations. The tumor cells were checked at 3, 6 and 12 hours. In order to determine the number of viable cancer cells, the MTT-assay was used. Proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of epidermal growth factor were detected with immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin complex method. In addition, apoptosis was also detected with (TUNEL) method. The primary antibodies used were proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and anti-human epidermal growth factor. Single treatment with octreotide or serotonin reduced, the number of viable cells and the proliferation index at all observation times. Galanin increased the number of viable cells and the proliferation index. Whereas double treatments containing octreotide reduced the number of viable cells, those containing galanin increased the number. The effect of single, double or triple treatment on the apoptotic index obtained with both TUNEL method and PARP expression varied depending on the combination and the observation time. Octreotide did not affect the tumor cell expression of EGF. Galanin and serotonin, on the other hand, increased the expression of EGF. Whereas triple combination increased the expression of EGF after 6 h, all the other double combinations decreased this expression. It has been concluded that treatment with a combination of octreotide and serotonin may be useful in clinical settings.
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| 10. |
- Wang, E-H, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormal expression and clinicopathologic significance of p120-catenin in lung cancer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 21:7-9, s. 841-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of p120ctn in human lung squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathologic significance. The expression of p120ctn in tumors and adjacent normal lung tissues from 143 patients was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Expression of p120ctn occurs mainly in the cell membrane of normal bronchial mucosa. Abnormal expression of p120ctn, including cytoplasmic and reduced membranous expression, was found in 114 of 143 specimens (79.7%) and was significantly associated with poor differentiation, high TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05 for each) but not with histologic subtype. The Kaplan-Meier survival test revealed that abnormal expression of p120ctn was related to poor survival (P<0.001). A Cox regression analysis revealed that abnormal p120ctn expression was an independent factor in predicting patient survival (P=0.024). Compared with that in normal lung tissues, membranous protein level was lower in tumors (P=0.003). Abnormal expression of p120ctn is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Reduced expression or even the absence of p120ctn isoform 1 and 3 in tumor cell membranes may be responsible for the abnormal expression of p120ctn that has been found in lung cancer.
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