| 1. |
- Alonso Vicario, S., et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the influence of human behaviour on reducing casualties during flood evacuation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:14, s. 2359-2375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floods are the natural hazards that are causing the most deaths worldwide. Flood early warning systems are one of the most cost-efficient methods to reduce death rates, triggering decisions about the evacuation of exposed population. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of human behaviours on evacuation processes, studies analysing a combination of behaviours, flood onset and warning timing are limited. Our objective is to explore how changes on the aforementioned factors can affect casualties. This is done within a modelling framework that includes an agent-based model, a hydraulic model, and a traffic model, which is implemented for the case study of Orvieto (Italy). The results show that the number of casualties is most impacted by people's behaviour. Besides, we found that a delay of 30 min in releasing the warning can boost the number of casualties up to six times. These results may help managers to propose effective emergency plans.
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| 2. |
- Cao, Feifei, et al.
(författare)
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The input signal to a carbonate aquifer highlights recharge processes and climate evolution under temperate Atlantic conditions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 67:8, s. 1238-1252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study are to characterize the input signal of a shallow carbonate aquifer in northeastern France and to clarify the recharge and groundwater mineralization processes, by analysing the chemical and isotopic (δ18O, δ2H) composition of rain and groundwater. The groundwater isotopic signature was very close to the calculated local meteoric water line and showed a narrow range, which is explained by the buffer effect of the matrix-dominated chalk aquifer. Nevertheless, intensive fracture networks can exist at local scale and lead to rapid aquifer response to rainfall, as attested by observed large variations in groundwater isotopic and chemical signatures at one specific site. Main factors controlling the groundwater mineralization are highlighted, including the input signal, water-rock interactions and human activities. Moreover, groundwater isotopic signatures are related to groundwater ages and historical climate conditions, showing that groundwater isotopic signal could also be used as a record of climate changes.
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| 3. |
- Fava, Maria Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Improving flood forecasting using an input correction method in urban models in poorly gauged areas
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0262-6667 .- 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:7, s. 1096-1111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poorly monitored catchments could pose a challenge in the provision of accurate flood predictions by hydrological models, especially in urbanized areas subject to heavy rainfall events. Data assimilation techniques have been widely used in hydraulic and hydrological models for model updating (typically updating model states) to provide a more reliable prediction. However, in the case of nonlinear systems, such procedures are quite complex and time-consuming, making them unsuitable for real-time forecasting. In this study, we present a data assimilation procedure, which corrects the uncertain inputs (rainfall), rather than states, of an urban catchment model by assimilating water-level data. Five rainfall correction methods are proposed and their effectiveness is explored under different scenarios for assimilating data from one or multiple sensors. The methodology is adopted in the city of Sao Carlos, Brazil. The results show a significant improvement in the simulation accuracy.
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| 4. |
- Giese, Markus, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative hydrogeology – reference analysis of groundwater dynamics from neighbouring observation wells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:10, s. 1685-1706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater level fluctuations are caused by spatial and temporal superposition of processes within and outside the aquifer system. Most of the subsurface processes are usually observed on a small scale. Upscaling to the regional scale, as required for future climate change scenarios, is difficult due to data scarcity and increasing complexity. In contrast to the limited availability of system characteristics, high-resolution data records of groundwater hydrographs are more generally available. Exploiting the information contained in these records should thus be a priority for analysis of the chronical lack of data describing groundwater system characteristics. This study analyses the applicability of 63 indices derived from daily hydrographs to quantify different dynamics of groundwater levels in unconfined gravel aquifers from three groundwater regions (Bavaria, Germany). Based on the results of two different skill tests, the study aids index selection for different dynamic components of groundwater hydrographs.
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| 5. |
- Hoellermann, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Go together, to go further! Reply to "Human-water research : discussion of 'Guiding principles for hydrologists conducting interdisciplinary research and fieldwork with participants'"
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 67:14, s. 2211-2213
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this reply to Thaler, we take the opportunity to explore two main aspects of his piece to continue the discussion: (1) the integration of data from the social and natural sciences, and (2) the importance of transdisciplinary research. We agree, and highlight that necessary learning, reflections and participation processes are time-intensive for researchers, practitioners and participants. We believe that these discussion pieces are important for informing, engaging, and debating challenges and practices, providing continued opportunities to learn from one another, enabling new forms of research and collaborations to flourish.
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| 6. |
- Mazzoleni, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling flood awareness in floodplain dynamics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 68:4, s. 604-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societal awareness is a crucial factor driving floodplain dynamics. When modelling these dynamics, flood awareness decay is considered constant. However, empirical studies have shown that the intensity of an experienced event can influence awareness decay. Here we explore and model the influence of variable flood awareness decay on flood losses for two types of societies that cope with flooding by adopting structural (techno society) or nonstructural (green society) protection measures. We modified an established socio-hydrological model and performed three synthetic experiments with multiple scenarios of flood awareness decay, flood intensity, and frequency. We found that, when modelling techno societies, assuming a constant awareness decay leads to underestimating societal flood awareness after severe flood events. In contrast, overestimation of flood awareness occurs when using constant awareness decay for green societies. This might lead to overestimating the effects of human–flood dynamics, such as the levee effect and adaptation effects.
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| 7. |
- Michaelis, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing flood-risk dynamics with a coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-way interactions and feedback between hydrological and social processes in settled floodplains determine the complex human–flood system and change vulnerability over time. To focus on the dynamic role of individual and governmental decision making on flood-risk management, we developed and implemented a coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework. Within this framework, household agents are located in a floodplain protected by a levee system. Individual behaviour is based on Protection Motivation Theory and includes the options to (1) not react to flood risk; (2) implement individual flood protection measures; or (3) file a complaint to the government. The government decides about reinforcing the levee system, compromising between a cost-benefit analysis and filed complaints from households. We found that individual decision making can significantly influence flood risk. In addition, the coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework approach captures commonly observed socio-hydrological dynamics, namely levee and adaptation effects. It provides an explanatory tool for assessing spatial and temporal dynamics of flood risk in a socio-hydrological system.
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| 8. |
- Mondino, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring changes in hydrogeological risk awareness and preparedness over time : a case study in northeastern Italy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:7, s. 1049-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogeological hazards are increasingly causing damage worldwide due to climatic and socio-economic changes. Building resilient communities is crucial to reduce potential losses. To this end, one of the first steps is to understand how people perceive potential threats around them. This study aims at exploring how risk awareness of, and preparedness to, face hydrological hazards changes over time. A cohort study was carried out in two villages in the northeastern Italian Alps, Romagnano and Vermiglio, affected by debris flows in 2000 and 2002. Surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2018, and the results compared. The survey data show that both awareness and preparedness decreased over time. We attribute this change to the fact that no event had occurred in a long time and to a lack of proper risk communication strategies. The outcomes of this study contribute to socio-hydrological modelling by providing empirical data on human behaviour dynamics.
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| 9. |
- Nardi, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
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Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) : conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 67:16, s. 2534-2551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widely available digital technologies are empowering citizens who are increasingly well informed and involved in numerous water, climate, and environmental challenges. Citizen science can serve many different purposes, from the "pleasure of doing science" to complementing observations, increasing scientific literacy, and supporting collaborative behaviour to solve specific water management problems. Still, procedures on how to incorporate citizens' knowledge effectively to inform policy and decision-making are lagging behind. Moreover, general conceptual frameworks are unavailable, preventing the widespread uptake of citizen science approaches for more participatory cross-sectorial water governance. In this work, we identify the shared constituents, interfaces, and interlinkages between hydrological sciences and other academic and non-academic disciplines in addressing water issues. Our goal is to conceptualize a transdisciplinary framework for valuing citizen science and advancing the hydrological sciences. Joint efforts between hydrological, computer, and social sciences are envisaged for integrating human sensing and behavioural mechanisms into the framework. Expanding opportunities of online communities complement the fundamental value of on-site surveying and indigenous knowledge. This work is promoted by the Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) Working Group established by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).
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| 10. |
- Rahman, Khalil Ur, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the impact of the environment on depleting groundwater resources: a case study from a semi-arid and arid climatic region
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study, for the first time, assesses the impact of critical environmental factors on groundwater using Bayesian network (BN) integrated with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and develops a groundwater vulnerability map. The considered environmental factors are divided into the following categories: physical (rainfall, temperature (Tmax/Tmin), relative humidity (RHmax/RHmin)), water use and demand (surface water availability (SW) and number of tubewells (NTW)), agriculture and land use (total irrigated area (TIA), total cropped area (TCA), and total area sown (TAS)), and population. Results show a negative relationship of rainfall, RHmax/RHmin, and SW and a positive relationship of the remaining variables with groundwater. Elasticities demonstrate that a 1% change in SW (rainfall), major contributors, results in a decrease by 0.64% (0.55%) in groundwater in Bahawalpur (Multan). A 1% change in population (NTW), major consumers, results in an increase by 0.74% (0.70%) in depth to water table (DWT) across Jhang (Khanewal). The vulnerability map shows that high and very high vulnerability classes account for more than 50% of the total area of Punjab.
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