| 1. |
- Algesten, Grete, et al.
(författare)
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Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 63:3-4, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO2 to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year(-1)), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year(-1)), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year(-1)). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO2 emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.
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| 2. |
- Boman, K K, et al.
(författare)
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Health and persistent functional late effects in adult survivors of childhood CNS tumours: a population-based cohort study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 45:14, s. 2552-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumours are particularly vulnerable to tumour- and treatment-related disability. We present the incidence of specific and overall functional and health-related late effects in a national adult survivor cohort. Diagnostic subgroups at particular risk for persistent sequels are identified. Data collection targeted 708 eligible >18 years old survivors, 708 parent proxies and 1000 general population controls. Functional disability including sensory and cognitive impairment, emotional status and pain was assessed using the Health Utilities Index Mark 2/3 (HUI2/3). Survivors and controls, and diagnostic subgroups were contrasted to identify the general and relative risk for late effects by sub-diagnosis. Survivors had persistent late effects in sensation, mobility, self-care and cognition. Deficits in these domains indicated clinically important disability in overall health, although indices of emotion and pain were unaffected compared to controls. Late effects tended to aggravate with time, and female survivors had poorer health. Oligodendroglioma, mixed/unspecified glioma, intracranial germ cell tumour and medulloblastoma survivors had poorest overall health. Least late effects were found for other specified/unspecified CNS tumours (including meningeoma and nerve sheath tumours), and for astrocytoma. An impact on educational, vocational and family-related outcomes, and higher utilisation of social insurance or government subsidies validated health-related sequelae in adulthood. Comparisons with controls confirm persistent disability in multiple functional domains in adult CNS tumour survivors. The heightened proportion of survivors presenting severe disability is a factor that specifically differentiates survivors from controls, although diagnostic subgroups differ significantly regarding the amount and severity of late effects.
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| 3. |
- Dapi Nzefa, Léonie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic and gender differences in adolescents' nutritional status in urban Cameroon, Africa.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - New York : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 29:5, s. 313-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess adolescents' nutritional status according to socioeconomic status (SES) and sex using anthropometry in urban Cameroon, Africa. Adolescent boys (n = 248) and girls (n = 333) 12 to 16 years old were recruited from randomly selected schools in a cross sectional study in Yaoundé city and grouped according to SES. Weight, height, skinfold thickness, and circumferences were measured, and body mass index, waist/hip ratio, arm muscle, and arm fat areas were calculated. Stunting, underweight, and overweight were determined using international cutoff points. Adolescents with medium and high SES were less likely to be stunted than adolescents with low SES (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; P < .01). Prevalences of stunting (12%, 6%, and 5%) and underweight (3%, 4%, and 1%) were higher among the adolescents with low and medium SES than those with high SES. Overweight prevalence was high among the adolescents with low (8%), medium (11%), and high (9%) SES. The OR for overweight was higher among girls than boys (OR, 4.13; P < .001). Girls were less likely to be stunted and underweight than boys (OR, 0.29 [P < .001] and OR, 0.20 [P < .01], respectively). Prevalences of stunting (15% and 6%) and underweight (5% and 2%) were higher among boys than girls. Pubescent adolescents were less likely to be stunted than nonpubescent (OR, 0.53; P < .05). Adolescents with low and medium SES were more underweight and stunted than adolescents with high SES. Girls were more overweight, less stunted, and underweight than boys.
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| 4. |
- Holmgren, Jan, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA
- 2005
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 97:2, s. 181-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosal immunisation may be used both to protect the mucosal surfaces against infections and as a means for immunological treatment of peripheral immunopathological disorders through the induction of systemic antigen-specific tolerance ('oral tolerance'). The development of mucosal vaccines, whether for prevention of infectious diseases or for oral tolerance immunotherapy, requires efficient antigen delivery and adjuvant systems that can help to present the appropriate vaccine or immunotherapy antigens to the mucosal immune system. The most potent (but also toxic) mucosal adjuvants are cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), and much effort and significant progress have been made recently to generate toxicologically acceptable derivatives of these toxins with retained adjuvant activity. Among these are the non-toxic, recombinantly produced cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB). CTB is a specific protective antigen component of a widely registered oral cholera vaccine as well as a promising vector for either giving rise to mucosal anti-infective immunity or for inducing peripheral anti-inflammatory tolerance to chemically or genetically linked foreign antigens administered mucosally. CT and CTB have also recently been used as combined vectors and adjuvants for markedly promoting ex vivo dendritic cell (DC) vaccination with different antigens and also steering the immune response to the in vivo-reinfused DCs towards either broad Th1 + Th2 + CTL immunity (CT) or Th2 or tolerance (CTB). Another type of mucosal adjuvants is represented by bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs, which especially when linked to CTB have been found to effectively stimulate both innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses. The properties and clinical potential of these different classes of adjuvants are being discussed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Sunan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Remote Pedestrian Sensor System Based on the Analysis of Car-Pedestrian Accident Scenarios
- 2008
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 46:9, s. 1345-1355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of a remote sensor system for pedestrian detection in a vehicle traffic environment. For this purpose, the car-pedestrian accident scenarios were analyzed using selected data from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA), a database developed by collecting accident data from the police and hospitals. The two most common scenarios were identified as cars entering and leaving intersections colliding with pedestrians crossing the road. The knowledge of these two scenarios was then developed in terms of the factors such as the pedestrian’s trajectory, the pedestrian’s speed, the car’s trajectory and the car’s velocity. Based on the developed knowledge, a mathematical model was presented and the remote pedestrian sensor system was evaluated by using this model. It was found that the sensor system can detect almost all the pedestrians in these two scenarios in time, in the case where the detective angle was larger than 60 degrees.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Bengt, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Pulsed dose rate brachytherapy as the sole adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery of T1-T2 breast cancer : first long time results from a clinical study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 90:1, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the long time outcome with regard to local tumour control, cosmetic outcome and side effects of a short (5 days) accelerated interstitial brachytherapy treatment delivered to the surroundings of the operated sector. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2003 we treated 50 women with early T1 and T2 breast cancer. Radical sector resection was performed and followed later with an interstitial pulsed dose rate (PDR) brachytherapy of 50Gy in 5 days. The treatment was centred on the tumour with a margin of 30mm. One patient was treated bilaterally. The patients were followed for a median of 86 (32-126) months. RESULTS: Ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence was seen in 3 patients (6%). Two of them occurred outside the treated volume. The 5- and 7-year rates of actuarial local control were 96% and 96%, respectively, overall survival 88% and 85%, disease free survival 88% and 88%, respectively. A dosimetrical analysis showed that the partial breast irradiation covered a median of 31% of the total breast volume. Fat necrosis was seen in 12% and local (moderate-strong) fibrosis in 26% of the patients. Independent cosmetic scoring showed good or excellent result in 56% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Local outcome is favourable and very similar to other published studies of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Our long time cosmetic results are lower than other published results.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Reine, et al.
(författare)
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EcoDesign: what's happening? An overview of the subject area of EcoDesign and of the papers in this special issue
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 14:15-16, s. 1291-1298
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EcoDesign is a concept including human sustainability priorities together with business interrelations. Its main objective in the improvementof product development methods is to reduce environmental loads. EcoDesign also includes a more open ambition to use inspiration from a widerfield of positive examples of smart products and methods, effective system solutions and attractive designs. It is not clear what sustainable productdevelopment is; what we can do is to try our best to find better solutions, get going and make sure that we learn from what happens. Our maingoal with this issue was to monitor ‘‘How to make it happen?’’ but we ended up with more questions and the lower ambition of, ‘‘What’s happening’’.Life-style elements such as brand label economy, development of new economies in Asia, aging populations in the old economies etc. makesthe picture even more complex and we still wonder, ‘‘How to make it happen’’. However, a few focal points can be observed:The tools in EcoDesign are not as important as specification and goal setting in early product development phases. How to organize productdevelopment is crucial in order to reach higher degrees of sustainability. The interrelations between resources and functionality must be enhanced.Environmental affection must be integrated into the human life-style and throughout the entire life-cycle of all products and services.To us it seems impossible to define a sustainable life-style and force everyone to follow. We must engage all stakeholders in envisioning andcreating the sustainable societies we hope to achieve.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lozovik, Y. E., et al.
(författare)
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Strong correlation effects in 2D Bose-Einstein condensed dipolar excitons
- 2007
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Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 144:9, s. 399-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By doing quantum Monte Carlo ab initio simulations we show that dipolar excitons, which are now under experimental study, actually are strongly correlated systems. Strong correlations manifest in significant deviations of excitation spectra from the Bogoliubov one, large Bose condensate depletion, short-range order in the pair correlation function, and peak(s) in the structure factor. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Morelli, Paula I, et al.
(författare)
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IFNgamma regulates PDGF-receptor alpha expression in macrophages, THP-1 cells, and arterial smooth muscle cells.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 184:1, s. 39-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) contributes to inflammation and development of intimal hyperplasia during atherosclerosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for SMC, signalling through PDGF-receptor subunits alpha (Ralpha) and beta (Rbeta). We have previously found that interferon gamma (IFNgamma) upregulates PDGF-Ralpha mRNA expression in human MDM (hMDM) which causes an increased migration towards PDGF. In the present study, we found that IFNgamma mediated an upregulation of PDGF-Ralpha mRNA also in THP-1 cells. The induction of PDGF-Ralpha in both hMDM and THP-1 cells was caused by STAT1 binding to the PDGF-Ralpha promoter. In human ASMCs, IFNgamma again stimulated a transient STAT1-binding to the PDGF-Ralpha promoter. However, this was not followed by an upregulation of PDGF-Ralpha mRNA. IFNgamma-stimulation resulted in augmented expression of PDGF-Ralpha protein in differentiated hMDM. Early hMDM only expressed an immature and not fully glycosylated form of the PDGF-Ralpha protein. In contrast, THP-1 cells did not synthesize PDGF-Ralpha protein, implying further posttranscriptional inhibition. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the complex regulation of PDGF-Ralpha expression and how proinflammatory factors may contribute to PDGF-related hyperplasia in vascular diseases.
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