| 1. |
- Alexanderson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidemiology of sickness absence in a Swedish county in 1985, 1986 and 1987 : A three year longitudinal study with focus on gender, age and occupation
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - : Sage Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 22:1, s. 27-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to get a better epidemiological base for preventive intervention in the county of Östergötland, Sweden, a comprehensive study of sickness absence was done. During the years 1985, 1986 and 1987, all new periods of sick-leave exceeding seven days were registered with demographic variables. This information was related to data about the total population of Östergötland. Each year approx. 45,000 persons had approx. 61,000 sickness spells. These figures were stable over the years while the number of sick-leave days increased. Blue-collar occupations had the highest sick-leave rates and the female sick-leave rate was higher in general and much higher in most male-dominated occupations. The male rate was lower within female-dominated areas, except among secretaries and textile workers. Females in extremely male-dominated groups had the highest rates, while both male and female sick-leave rates were lower in more gender-integrated occupations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bexell, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Parents' response to recurrent middle ear infection in their children
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 18:1, s. 25-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recurrent ear infection in children during pre-school years is an important public health problem. Common advice given to parents is to minimize exposure of susceptible children to crowding and air pollution. This study aimed at investigating what changes parents undertake to improve the health of an otitis-prone child. Parents of children with 5 events before age thirty months (index children; n = 198) and a matched control group (n = 396) were asked to fill in a questionnaire. Results show that 22.3% of indexfamilies and 9.5% (p<0.001) of control families had changed one or more of the following conditions: working hours, child day-care, housing and smoking habits. In summary, index families and control families were remarkably similar given the striking difference in otitis media, a finding that rises concern.
|
|
| 3. |
- Boström, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic differences in smoking in an urban Swedish population. The bias introduced by non-participation in a mailed questionnaire.
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 21:2, s. 77-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stockholm Health of the Population Study is a cross-sectional study carried out from 1984-85. Postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and health interviews were used to get information from a sample of 5,199 persons, 18-64 years of age, on health status, risk exposures, healthcare consumption and social factors. Non-participation with respect to the postal questionnaire was 36.8%. With subsequent telephone interviews and an invitation to a health interview, non-participation was reduced to 17.8%. The estimated prevalence of daily smoking increased from 36.1% to 38.7. The non-responders had a higher prevalence of daily smoking in all sub-groups. This effect of the efforts to reduce non-participation differed socially. The prevalence of smoking for men, 40-64 years of age, who were reached by telephone was 60.3%. Male professionals and intermediate non-manual workers, 40-64 years of age reached by telephone had a prevalence of smoking, which was twice as high as for the responders of the questionnaire (62.5 and 26.8%, respectively). In the younger age-group, non-responders had the same socioeconomic pattern in smoking as the responders. Independent of socioeconomic group, there was a tendency of ill or disabled smokers to respond more quickly than healthy smokers. Using a postal questionnaire with a high non-response rate might lead to an overestimation of socioeconomic differences and an underestimation of smoking prevalence.
|
|
| 4. |
- CERNERUD, LARS
(författare)
-
Are there still Social Inequalities in Height and Body Mass Index of Stockholm Children
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 22:3, s. 161-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height and body mass index (BMI) of all non-immigrant schoolchildren in Stockholm in the age interval 10.0-10.9 years born in 1981 were related to the mother's educational level and the number of siblings. The two social variables were dichotomized and two extreme groups of socially more and less privileged children were formed. Socially less privileged boys were 1.1 cm shorter than their more privileged peers, whereas there was no difference as regards girls. Socially less privileged children were expected to show higher BMI, but the finding was contrary. More privileged boys were heavier. The findings were compared to a previous study of Stockholm children born in 1933-1963. Major social inequalities in height were levelled out for Stockholm children in the 1950s, a social gap reappeared in the 1960s and small disparities still exist for boys today.
|
|
| 5. |
- CERNERUD, LARSD
(författare)
-
Differences in Height between Socially more and less privileged 10 year old Stockholm Children born in 1933-1963
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 20:1, s. 5-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The change of the difference in height between two socially extreme groups of 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963 was analysed. Data on height and social conditions were taken from the school health records. The two groups were established on the basis of the father's occupation and the number of children in the family. The height of the 10 year old children in the more privileged group born in 1933, 1943 and 1953 was virtually unchanged, but the height in the less privileged group increased gradually. The difference between the two groups was levelled out in the 1953 cohort. However, it reappeared in the 1963 cohort, mainly as a result of increasing height in the more privileged group and fairly unchanged height in the less privileged group.
|
|
| 6. |
- Edén, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Immigration and socio-economy as predictors of early retirement pensions
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 22:3, s. 187-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study, performed in a Swedish municipality, was to obtain a view of early retirement pensioners, focusing on immigration and socio-economy as predictors of early retirement pensions. A questionnaire was sent to 453 early retirement pensioners with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. A corresponding questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected, age- and sex-matched control group of the same size. The response rate was 83%. The study concludes that immigration and low socio-economy are predictors of early retirement pension (ERP). The rate of immigrants was 19% among the ERPs compared to 5% among the controls. The early retired immigrants were comparatively young, and some of them were overqualified for their previous jobs. Of the ERPs 74% were blue-collar workers compared to 39% of the controls. Neither work satisfaction nor unemployment was found to predict ERP.
|
|
| 7. |
- Haglund, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal studies on environmental factors and disease : A model for analysis of ethical conflicts
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 19:2, s. 81-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of individual-based data in research has recently come in for much discussion. The basic issue of the discussion is how to balance between different legitimate interests: the interest in improving knowledge on matters important to human health and the interest in respecting individual autonomy. In this paper we will use a model for description and analysis of ethical conflicts in individual-based research. The model consists of two dimensions: the first specifies the persons involved in the conflict, the second specifies the relevant ethical principles. We have chosen the case of the Rönnskär study as an example. For illustration we distinguish between: no study, a study without informed consent and a study with informed consent. In the Rönnskär study the decision between the three situations rests upon an assessment of the conflict between two obligations: to improve the working environment and to respect autonomy.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Hörnquist, J. O., et al.
(författare)
-
Repeated short-term sick-leave and quality of life : An evaluation of a clinical socio-medical intervention
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 0300-8037. ; 18:2, s. 91-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a clinical socio-medical supportive program for repeated short-term sickleavers who exhibited no evident reason for their prolonged absence. Attention was drawn to changes in the quality of life of the participants. Ninety-nine persons took part in the full program. The sex distribution was even and the mean age was 32 years. The average number of days of sick-leave during the year preceding the entrance into the program was 28. The most common self-stated diagnosis was upper respiratory infection or gastro-intestinal problems. The evaluation showed a significant change for the better in the quality of life and well-being of the patients, although more than every other patient did not explicitly attribute any personal benefit to the intervention itself. The results coincide irrespective of measuring method and, are by and large, consistent over most areas of life and components of well-being assessed. Thus the design and the results of the evalution look very promising concerning reliability, validity and especially sensitivity. A corresponding model may be applicable more generally when evaluating health- and medical care.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindahl, B. I. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Multiple Cause-of-Death Data as a Tool for Detecting Artificial Trends in the Underlying Cause Statistics : A Methodological Study
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 22:2, s. 145-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were: (i) to identify trends in the underlying cause-of-death statistics that are due to changes in the coders’ selection and coding of causes, and (ii) to identify changes in the coders’ documented registration principles that can explain the observed trends in the statistics.31 Basic Tabulation List categories from the Swedish national cause-of-death register for 1970-1988 were studied. The coders’ tendency to register a condition as the underlying cause of death (the underlying cause ratio) was estimated by dividing the occurrence of the condition as underlying cause (the underlying cause rate) with the total registration of the condition (the multiple cause rate). When the development of the underlying cause rate series followed more closely the underlying cause ratio series than the multiple cause rate series, and a corresponding change in the registration rules could be found, rhe underlying cause rate trend was concluded to be due to changes in the coders’ tendency to register the condition.For thirteen categories (fourteen trends), the trends could be explained by changes in the coders’ interpretation practice: five upward, four insignificant, and five downward trends. In addition, for three categories the trends could be explained by new explicit ICD-9 rules.
|
|
