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- Henriksson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Income distribution and mortality: implications from a comparison of individual-level analysis and multilevel analysis with Swedish data
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 34:3, s. 287-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This follow-up study analyses whether there is an association between income distribution in Swedish municipalities and risk of death from all causes in the total Swedish population aged 40-64 years and compares the results obtained with analyses performed on individual-level analysis and multilevel analysis. METHODS: Individual-level data on social and economic circumstances were obtained from various official records and were linked to the national cause-of-death register. Analyses were made with two methods, an individual-level regression and a multilevel regression. The study population comprised all people 40-64 years of age in the 1990 Swedish census, altogether 2.57 million people in 284 municipalities. RESULTS: The main results showed that in the individual-level regression the income distribution showed a positive and significant association (risk ratio = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.24-1.34) with higher mortality for those living in municipalities with higher income inequality. This association was not found in the multilevel regression analysis (RR = 1.03; 95%CI = 0.94-1.13). CONCLUSION: There seems to be no association between income distribution and mortality in Sweden when considering the possibility of clustering in municipalities. Further studies on the relationship between income inequality and health should aim at elucidate processes within area-level units.
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- Herlitz, Johan
(författare)
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Stig Holmberg : A visionary giant in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 68:1, s. 5-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “How does it feel to be so small?” This question was addressed to Stig on the day of his retirement, when a couple of hundred people had assembled to acknowledge his skilful work over the years. “I don’t understand what you mean”, was the reply. “It's you guys who are unnecessarily tall.” Stig was born in 1927 and started his medical career as a surgeon in the north of Sweden. He came to Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Göteborg in 1962 at the age of 35. Here, he started working in internal medicine but switched to cardiology in 1963 and continued as a cardiologist at this hospital until he retired in 1992.
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- Krantz, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Workload, work stress, and sickness absence in Swedish male and female white-collar employees
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 34:3, s. 238-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed to analyse, in a homogeneous population of highly educated men and women, gender differences in self‐reported sickness absence as related to paid and unpaid work and combinations of these (double exposure), as well as to perceived work stress and work–home conflict, i.e. conflict between demands from the home and work environment. Methods: A total of 743 women and 596 men, full‐time working white‐collar employees randomly selected from the general Swedish population aged 32–58, were assessed by a Swedish total workload instrument. The influence of conditions in paid and unpaid work and combinations of these on self‐reported sickness absence was investigated by multivariate regression analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between men and women. Results: Overtime was associated with lower sickness absence, not only for men but also for women, and a double‐exposure situation did not increase the risk of sick leave. Contrary to what is normally seen, conflict between demands did not emerge as a risk factor for sickness absence for women, but for men. Conclusions: Our assumption that sickness absence patterns would be more similar for white‐collar men and women than for the general population was not confirmed. However, the women working most hours were also the least sick‐listed and assumed less responsibility for household chores. These women were mainly in top‐level positions and therefore we conclude that men and women in these high‐level positions seem to share household burdens more evenly, but they can also afford to employ someone to assist in the household.
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- von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating different measures of sickness absence with respect to work characteristics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:3, s. 247-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Four different measures of sickness absence were related to psychosocial and physical work characteristics in workplaces with high, intermediate, and low sickness absence. The relationships between work characteristics and sickness absence were hypothesized to differ depending the sickness absence measure used. Methods: Questionnaire data on physical work environment, physical load, support, influence at work, and worry were collected from 1,726 employees at 48 dental clinics in Stockholm, Sweden and were related to registry-based sickness absence obtained at the workplace level. The sickness absence measures included: (1) frequency, (2) one-day absence, (3) overall duration, and (4) duration between 2 and 21 days. Results: For frequency, significant differences were found for all work characteristics, with poor work characteristics being associated with a high frequency of sickness absence. Considering duration between 2 and 21 days, there were significant differences in support, influence at work and physical work environment; for one-day absence, support, influence at work and physical load differed significantly. Conversely, there were no significant differences for the overall duration measure. Conclusions: The results show that frequency of sickness absence is most consistently related to work characteristics, that short-time sickness absences have more inconsistent relationships and that relationship with overall duration is lacking. This highlights the need for further differentiation between different sickness absence measures, the behavioral patterns associated with different types of absences and the implication of such processes for prevention and intervention.
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