| 1. |
- Breidbach, Olaf, et al.
(författare)
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Proctolin-immunoreactive neurons persist during metamorphosis of an insect: A developmental study of the ventral nerve cord of Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera)
- 1989
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 257:1, s. 217-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proctolin-immunoreactive neurons in all neuromers of the ventral nerve cord of Tenebrio molitor L. have been quantitatively demonstrated and mapped throughout metamorphosis. Each neuromer contains an anterior and a posterior group of neurons with light and dark staining properties as revealed by peroxidase-antiperoxidase labeling. Serial homologous subsets of dark staining neurons with central and peripheral projections have been identified and found to persist during morphogenetic changes from the larva to the adult. Most neurons maintain their topological and structural characteristics throughout metamorphosis. The identified proctolin-immunoreactive neurons exhibit structures similar to those described in other insect species; some may correspond known motoneurons.
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| 2. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical demonstration of the neurosecretory systems containing putative moult-inhibiting hormone and hyperglycemic hormone in the eyestalk of brachyuran crustaceans
- 1988
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 251, s. 3-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of antisera raised against purified moultinhibiting (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) from Carcinus maenas, complete and distinct neurosecretory pathways for both hormones were demonstrated with the PAP and immunofluorescence technique. By double staining, employing a combination of silver-enhanced immunogold labelling and PAP, both antigens could be visualized in the same section. Immunoreactive structures were studied in Carcinus maenas, Liocarcinus puber, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator and Maja squinado. They were only observed in the X-organ sinus gland (SG) system of the eyestalks and consisted of MIH-positive perikarya, which were dispersed among the more numerous CHH-positive perikarya of the medulla terminalis X-organ (XO). The MIH-positive neurons form branching collateral plexuses adjacent to the XO and axons that are arranged around the CHH-positive central axon bundle of the principal XO-SG tract. In the SG, MIH-positive axon profiles and terminals, clustered around hemolymph lacunae, are distributed between the more abundant CHH-positive axon profiles and terminals. Colocalisation of MIH and CHH was never observed. The gross morphology of both neurosecretory systems was similar in all species examined, however, in U. pugilator and M. squinado immunostaining for MIH was relatively faint unless higher concentrations of antiserum were used. Possible reasons for this phenomenon as well as observed moult cycle-related differences in immunostaining are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical localization of CCAP, a novel crustacean cardioactive peptide, in the nervous system of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas L.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 254:2, s. 347-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against synthetic crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin, and were used to map CCAP-immunoreactive structures in the central nervous system of Carcinus maenas. As expected, the neurohemal pericardial organs (PO) displayed abundant immunoreactivity in nerve fibers and terminals. In addition, immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in other parts of the nervous system. At least some of them do not appear to terminate in neurohemal structures and may have a non-endocrine, as yet unknown function. Immunoreactive perikarya with a diameter of 25–30 m occur in the brain. They project into the optic and antennary neuropil, and into the eyestalk. One cell was found in the medulla terminalis of the eyestalk and in the connective ganglion, respectively. From the latter, axonal branches could be traced into the brain and the thoracic ganglia (TG). In the TG, small-diameter perikarya give rise to extensive networks of varicose fibers. Some of the perikarya occur in a characteristic paired arrangement with larger CCAP-immunoreactive somata (diameter 40–50 m). These pairs of one small and one large cell occur in all mouthpart and leg segments of the TG, except the abdominal ganglia (AG), where only large cells were found. The main projections of the large neurons comprise one or more fibers in each of the seven segmental nerves (SN), leading to neurosecretory terminals in the PO. The fibers in the SN are joined by branches of an ascending axonal tract from the large perikarya in the AG. The large-type perikarya are considered to be the principal source of CCAP in the PO. The optic ganglia in the eyestalk, except the medulla terminalis, the neurohemal sinus gland and the stomatogastric nervous system are devoid of CCAP-immunoreactivity.In axon terminals of the PO, CCAP is not colocalized with other PO-neuropeptides, i.e. proctolin-, FMRFamide-like, and Leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactive materials. Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed a distinct CCAP-containing granule type in specific axon profiles and terminals in the PO.The architecture of CCAP-immunoreactive neurons is discussed with respect to previous morphological studies on the origin and pathways of fibers terminating in the PO.
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| 4. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The ultrastructure of nerve endings containing pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) in crustacean sinus glands: Identification by an antiserum against a synthetic PDH
- 1987
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 250:2, s. 377-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-liter antiserum has been obtained from two rabbits immunized with a glutaraldehyde conjugate of synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator and bovine thyroglobulin. The antiserum blocked melanophore-dispersing activity of the peptide in vivo. In sinus glands (SG) of Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator and Orconectes limosus, electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed sparsely distributed axon endings containing a distinct PDH-immunoreactive type of neurosecretory granules (diameter 90–130 nm). Exocytotic figures indicating release of the content of these granules into hemolymph lacunae were occasionally observed. Preservation of fine structure and antigenicity of the PDH granules were markedly dependent on the fixation procedure used. A preliminary experiment with C. maenas showed that preterminal axon dilatations near the basal lamina seemed to accumulate PDH-granules when animals were kept in complete darkness for three days. Immunodot blotting of fractions after high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of extracts from SGs of C. maenas and O. limosus revealed a strongly immunoreactive substance at a retention time very similar to those of synthetic PDHs of Uca pugilator and Pandalus borealis. It is also coincident with a zone of biological activity. Thus, the antigen demonstrated by immunocytochemistry is identical or very similar to one of the known PDHs.
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| 5. |
- Edman, Anne-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Structural diversity in muscle fibres of chicken breast
- 1988
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 251:2, s. 281-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- hicken breast muscle is usually considered to be a relatively homogeneous white muscle and has therefore been widely used for studies of muscle proteins. In a previous study, however, we have found different M-region structures in different fibres from this muscle. Because of this result, we have now carried out a combined histochemical and ultrastructural survey of this muscle. In particular, we have made use of large transverse cryo-sections that include most of the muscle cross-section. Although the white region is fairly homogeneous in fibre content according to normal histochemical criteria (mATPase), we have found that there is a gradation of fibre structure across the muscle. The bulk of the muscle stains conventionally for Type-II fibres according to mATPase tests (the "white" part) but, in the small "red" part of the muscle, there are also Type-I fibres together with the Type-II fibres. Superimposed on this division into Type-I and Type-II fibres are variations in fibre size, oxidative and glycolytic staining properties, and variations of Z-band width and M-band structure; there is no strict correlation among any of these parameters. The apparently uniform staining across most of the muscle when tested for myofibrillar ATPase may be a misleading indicator of fibre properties.
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| 6. |
- Ekström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Pineal neurons projecting to the brain of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (Teleostei) - In-vitro retrograde filling with horseradish peroxidase
- 1985
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X. ; 240:3, s. 693-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology of intrapineal neurons that give rise to the pineal tract and project to the brain in the rainbow trout was visualized by the use of neuronal backfilling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The tracing was performed on excised pineal organs under in-vitro conditions at 4° C, with filling times ranging from 6 to 24 h. Large multipolar, bipolar and unipolar neurons were visualized in the rostral tip of the pineal organ ("pineal ganglion"). These neurons possessed extended dendritic trees participating in the formation of a circumscribed neuropil-like area. Throughout the pineal organ small bipolar elements were the most ubiquitous type of neuron, however, with markedly smaller numbers in the proximal portion of the pineal end-vesicle. In the pineal stalk, some bipolar neurons were observed to contact the pineal lumen, which is continuous with the third ventricle, via dendritic processes of various types. It could not be established whether any of these CSF-contacting processes were identical with photoreceptor outer segments. The basal processes of the bipolar neurons sometimes possessed distally projecting collaterals. In conclusion, it has been shown that (i) different types of neurons displaying varied patterns of regional distribution contribute to the pineal tract, and (ii) certain CSF-contacting neurons in the pineal organ send axonal processes directly toward the brain.
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| 7. |
- Ekström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Putative cholinergic elements in the photosensory pineal organ and retina of a teleost, Phoxinus phoxinus L. (Cyprinidae) - Distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, acetylcholinesterase-positive elements and pinealofugally projecting neurons
- 1986
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X. ; 246:2, s. 321-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Putative cholinergic neurons in the photosensory pineal organ of a cyprinid teleost, the European minnow, were studied by use of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. Pinealofugally projecting neurons were visualized using retrograde HRP-filling through their cut axons. For comparison, the distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity (ChAT-IR) and AChE-positive elements in the retina was investigated. While the distributional patterns of ChAT-IR and strongly AChE-positive perikarya in the retina are similar and may represent the same neuronal population, ChAT-IR and AChE-positive elements in the pineal organ appear to belong to separate populations. In the retina, small- to medium-sized perikarya in the inner nuclear layer, and small perikarya in the ganglion cell layer are ChAT-IR and AChE positive. The entire inner plexiform layer is AChE positive, while only sublaminae 1, 2 and 4 are ChAT-IR. No indication of cholinergic activity was observed in the optic axon layer. In the pineal organ, ChAT-IR is restricted to small perikarya situated rostrally and dorsally in the pineal end-vesicle. AChE-positive neurons are present throughout the pineal end-vesicle and the pineal stalk. The pineal tract (the pinealofugally projecting axons of intrapineal neurons) is strongly AChE positive, but displays no ChAT-IR. The distribution of pinealofugally projecting neurons, labeled with retrogradely transported HRP, is markedly dissimilar to that of the ChAT-IR elements. It is proposed that the photosensory pineal organ transmits photic information to the brain via a non-cholinergic pathway. The possibility that the ChAT-IR neurons represent small local interneurons is discussed in the light of comparative physiological and anatomical findings.
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| 8. |
- Ekström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Substance P-like-immunoreactive neurons in the photosensory pineal organ of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (Teleostei)
- 1986
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X. ; 246:2, s. 359-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restricted numbers of substance P-like-immuno-reactive (SPL-IR) neurons were demonstrated in the photosensory pineal organ of the rainbow trout. The small parapineal organ of this teleost species receives a distinct SPL-IR innervation via the habenular nuclei, but displays no intrinsic SPL-IR neurons. Intrapineal SPL-IR neurons were located in the rostral portion of the pineal end-vesicle. Neuronal somata were found in a lateral position with smooth axonal processes extending mediad. Immunoreactive somata and axonal processes were observed intraparenchymally as well as in the pineal lumen. The pattern of immunoreactivity was not changed in excised pineal organs that had been incubated in tissue culture medium in the dark for 18 h. The possibility that the intrapineal SPL-IR neurons are not part of the neural circuitry involved in the transduction of photic information, but may have other functions, is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Fridén, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining for ultrastructural assessment of muscle glycogen utilization during exercise
- 1985
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; :242, s. 229-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar I-band. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these "depleted" type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed
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| 10. |
- Jaros, Peter P., et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of immunoreactive enkephalins in a neurohemal organ and other nervous structures in the eyestalk of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas L. (Crustacea, Decapoda)
- 1985
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 241:1, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-microscopical observations with immunofluorescence and peroxidase staining procedures revealed leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in axon profiles of the sinus gland (SG) and in single small neurons in the optic ganglia of the eyestalk of Carcinus maenas. Electron microscopy of the SG showed reactivity to be associated with neurosecretory granules 82±23 nm in diameter. High performance liquid chromatography of SG-extracts revealed radioimmunoreactive substances with the retention times of synthetic met- and leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, respectively.
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