| 1. |
- Biasillo, R., et al.
(författare)
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The transformative potential of a disaster : a contextual analysis of the 1882 flood in Verona, Italy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Geography. - : Academic Press. - 0305-7488 .- 1095-8614. ; 66, s. 69-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores institutional responses to and societal understandings of the 1882 Adige flood in northern Italy, which particularly affected the city of Verona. The article investigates the transformative power of that disaster on a national scale in terms of forest policy and at a city level in terms of water management and urban planning. After the flood, an extensive programme of works aiming to contain and discipline both the river and its adjacent city dwellers coexisted with the launch of forest conservation and reforestation plans. This flood and its recovery phase incorporated and materialized the early Italian state's relationship to the natural world. We interpret the flood as providing an opportunity for redirecting Italy's local and national flood management strategies, triggering an explicit awareness of the interrelation between lowlands and highlands and enhancing modernization processes in many respects. Despite its historical and symbolic relevance, this flood has not yet been fully researched and poses crucial questions about ways of organising and selectively obliterating collective memories of disasters.
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| 2. |
- Klinke, I., et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Lebensraum and its discontents
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0305-7488 .- 1095-8614. ; 61, s. 53-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This introductory essay sets up the discussion in this special section on the first English language translation of Friedrich Ratzel's 1901 Lebensraum essay. After providing biographical context for this controversial nineteenth-century German geographer, we offer a brief history of what is perhaps his most famous conceptual contribution: Lebensraum (living space). We end by introducing the five contributions to this special section.
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| 3. |
- Merrill, Samuel, 1984-
(författare)
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Identities in transit : the (re)connections and (re)brandings of Berlin's municipal railway infrastructure after 1989
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0305-7488 .- 1095-8614. ; 50, s. 76-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses urban railway infrastructures as landscapes in order to reveal their role as constructions and constructors of collective and individual identities. It does this by introducing the notion of 'identities in transit', a rhetorical category that problematises the tendency to consider the nexus of urban infrastructure and identity formation only during discrete moments and in relation to abstract subjectivities. Specifically, it explores the (re)connections and (re)brandings that Berlin's municipal railway infrastructure, the Stadtschnellbahn (S-Bahn) and Untergrundbahn (U-Bahn), experienced in the years surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall, and considers their contribution to the formation of post-unification municipal identities. These discussions are historicised and contextualised by an account of the consequences of Berlin's Cold War division on its transport infrastructure. The article then considers the subsequent impact of the city's reunification and how the S- and U-Bahn became a means of constructing more unified municipal identities. It considers the process by which Berlin's municipal railway networks were reconnected after November 1989 and frames this process as a metaphor for both the different durations and protracted process of the city's reunification and the identities these gave rise to. Thereafter, the article argues that the rebranding strategy pursued by one of the city's municipal transport authorities provides one of the earliest examples of an attempt to manufacture a unified identity for the New Berlin. The article highlights that while processes at the municipal level emphasised the unification of collective identities, experiences of the infrastructures themselves often involved persisting divides and forms of subversion and social conflict that highlighted the meeting of more diverse individual identities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Billing, Björn, 1965
(författare)
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Circular Visions: Viewing the World From Above in the Late Eighteenth Century
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-7488. ; 63, s. 61-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the late eighteenth century, mountains were systematically explored and manned balloon flights were executed for the first time in history. These vertical journeys made it possible to view landscapes and geographical areas from above. Mountaineers as well as balloonists reported that their high altitude experiences were stupendous and exhilarating. They also expressed similar problems in communicating panoramic views, which generated experiments in the visual representation of landscapes. This article analyses and compares two such visualisations: one by Swiss natural philosopher Horace-Benedict de Saussure (1740-1799), and one by British balloonist Thomas Baldwin (1742-1804). Both images use the technique of anamorphosis with a circular form. With this design, Saussure and Baldwin aimed at accurately depicting a 360-degree view as well as phenomenologically simulating a literally elevated position. The article interprets the images by close reading of the verbal descriptions by Saussure and Baldwin, and also by discussing their circular visions in the contexts of visual culture, mountaineering and ballooning in the late eighteenth century. These representations of views from above are investigated as significant documents in the cultural history of the horizon. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Transportation and regional inequality: the impact of railways in the Nordic countries, 1860–1960
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-7488. ; 62, s. 51-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before industrialisation the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) were part of Europe's poor periphery, but over the last century these countries have become some of the richest in the world. This article analyses the origins of Nordic growth from the late nineteenth century, focusing on a previously neglected topic: the role of transportation. We argue that transportation, and most notably large investments in railways, played a key role in Nordic industrialisation. Railways made the exploitation and exportation of natural resources possible in what had previously been isolated areas and helped fuel a process of rural-based industrialisation. By creating conditions that favoured migration towards previously scarcely populated, but economically booming areas, Nordic industrialisation was paralleled by a reduction in regional inequality as measured in per capita GDP. We assert that railways were built before local population growth and helped shape the economic landscape of the entire region. We illustrate these points using maps based on Historical Geographic Information Systems (HGIS) highlighting railways, regional GDP and population densities from the mid nineteenth century until 1960.
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| 7. |
- Larsen, Henrik Gutzon
(författare)
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Geopolitics on trial: politics and science in the wartime geopolitics of Gudmund Hatt
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-7488. ; 47, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of Danish geographers during the Second World War is almost synonymous with that of Gudmund Hatt (1884–1960), the Professor of Human Geography at Copenhagen University. Hatt was a key figure in the development of Danish geography and assumed the role of a public intellectual, particularly through his geopolitical analyses as they unfolded in a staggering number of radio speeches, newspaper essays, books and articles during the late 1930s and early 1940s. But this industriousness, which accelerated during the first years of the Nazi-German occupation of Denmark (9 April 1940–5 May 1945), was also the direct reason for Hatt's hard downfall – academically as well as personally. For his wartime activities, Hatt was as the only Danish university professor tried by a post-war public servants' tribunal. It found that he had engaged in 'dishonourable national conduct' during the occupation and dismissed him from his professorship. Drawing on archives and published sources from the period, the paper focuses on Hatt's wartime activities and geopolitical analyses in the complicated political context of the occupation, and it pays particular attention to the conflict between 'science' and 'politics' as it crystallised in the post-war trial of Hatt.
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