| 1. |
- Adlercreutz, Patrick
(författare)
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Immobilisation and application of lipases in organic media.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 42:15, s. 6406-6436
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different methods of preparing lipases for use in organic media are critically reviewed. Solid lipase preparations can be made by typical immobilisation methods such as adsorption, entrapment, covalent coupling or cross-linking. Immobilisation is especially attractive for lipases because, in addition to the normal benefits of enzyme immobilisation, it can also lead to a considerable increase in catalytic activity, probably caused by conformational changes in the lipase molecules. Activation can be achieved, for example, using hydrophobic support materials or surfactants during the immobilisation procedure. Surfactants can also be used to solubilise lipases in organic media via the formation of hydrophobic ion pairs, surfactant-coated lipase or reversed micelles. Lipase preparation methods are discussed with regard to potential lipase inactivation and activation effects, mass transfer limitations, lipase stability and other features important for applications. The practical applications of lipases in organic media reviewed include ester synthesis, modification of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, fatty acid enrichment, enantiomer resolution, biodiesel production and acylation of carbohydrates and bioactive compounds.
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| 2. |
- Aili, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Bioresponsive peptide-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 39:9, s. 3358-3370
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioanalytical techniques that enable simple, fast and reliable high sensitivity monitoring of biomolecular interactions are of immense importance for diagnostics and drug development. This tutorial review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of peptide-based hybrid nanomaterials that transduce molecular interactions by exploiting the optical and magnetic properties of nanoparticles. Peptides have emerged as an interesting alternative to conventional biomolecular receptors, such as antibodies, and are facilitating the design of responsive hybrid nanomaterials that are both robust and sensitive for biodiagnostic applications.
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| 3. |
- Andreasson, Joakim, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Smart molecules at work-mimicking advanced logic operations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1460-4744 .- 0306-0012. ; 39:1, s. 174-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular logic is an interdisciplinary research field, which has captured worldwide interest. This tutorial review gives a brief introduction into molecular logic and Boolean algebra. This serves as the basis for a discussion of the state-of-the-art and future challenges in the field. Representative examples from the most recent literature including adders/subtractors, multiplexers/demultiplexers, encoders/decoders, and sequential logic devices (keypad locks) are highlighted. Other horizons, such as the utility of molecular logic in bio-related applications, are discussed as well.
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| 4. |
- Battin-Leclerc, Frederique, et al.
(författare)
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Towards cleaner combustion engines through groundbreaking detailed chemical kinetic models
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 40:9, s. 4762-4782
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of limiting the environmental impact of transportation, this critical review discusses new directions which are being followed in the development of more predictive and more accurate detailed chemical kinetic models for the combustion of fuels. In the first part, the performance of current models, especially in terms of the prediction of pollutant formation, is evaluated. In the next parts, recent methods and ways to improve these models are described. An emphasis is given on the development of detailed models based on elementary reactions, on the production of the related thermochemical and kinetic parameters, and on the experimental techniques available to produce the data necessary to evaluate model predictions under well defined conditions (212 references).
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| 5. |
- Bernardi, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Multivalent glycoconjugates as anti-pathogenic agents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 42:11, s. 4709-4727
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multivalency plays a major role in biological processes and particularly in the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and their host that involves protein-glycan recognition. These interactions occur during the first steps of infection, for specific recognition between host and bacteria, but also at different stages of the immune response. The search for high-affinity ligands for studying such interactions involves the combination of carbohydrate head groups with different scaffolds and linkers generating multivalent glycocompounds with controlled spatial and topology parameters. By interfering with pathogen adhesion, such glycocompounds including glycopolymers, glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and glyconanoparticles have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments that are now subverted by resistance. Multivalent glycoconjugates have also been used for stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems, for example with carbohydrate-based vaccines. Bacteria present on their surfaces natural multivalent glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and S-layers that can also be exploited or targeted in anti-infectious strategies.
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| 6. |
- Carlmark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA : functional polymeric scaffolds for application-driven research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : RSC Publishing. - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 42:13, s. 5858-5879
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendritic polymers are highly branched, globular architectures with multiple representations of functional groups. These nanoscale organic frameworks continue to fascinate researchers worldwide and are today under intensive investigation in application-driven research. A large number of potential application areas have been suggested for dendritic polymers, including theranostics, biosensors, optics, adhesives and coatings. The transition from potential to real applications is strongly dictated by their commercial accessibility, scaffolding ability as well as biocompatibility. A dendritic family that fulfills these requirements is based on the 2,2-bismethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA) monomer. This critical review is the first of its kind to cover most of the research activities generated on aliphatic polyester dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA. It is apparent that these scaffolds will continue to be in the forefront of cutting-edge research as their structural variations are endless including dendrons, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, dendritic-linear hybrids and their hybridization with inorganic surfaces.
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| 7. |
- Erdelyi, Mate, 1975
(författare)
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Halogen bonding in solution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - 0306-0012. ; 41:9, s. 3547-3557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halogen bonding is the electron density donation based weak interaction of halogens with Lewis bases. Its applicability for molecular recognition processes long remained unappreciated and has so far mostly been studied in silico and in solid state. As most physiological processes and chemical reactions take place in solution, investigations in solutions are of highest relevance for its use in the pharmaceutical and material scientific toolboxes. Following a short discussion of the phenomenon of halogen bonding, this tutorial review presents an overview of the methods hitherto applied for gaining an improved understanding of its behaviour in solutions and summarizes the gained knowledge in order to indicate the scope of the techniques and to facilitate
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| 8. |
- Erdélyi, Máté
(författare)
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Halogen bonding in solution.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 41:9, s. 3547-57
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halogen bonding is the electron density donation based weak interaction of halogens with Lewis bases. Its applicability for molecular recognition processes long remained unappreciated and has so far mostly been studied in silico and in solid state. As most physiological processes and chemical reactions take place in solution, investigations in solutions are of highest relevance for its use in the pharmaceutical and material scientific toolboxes. Following a short discussion of the phenomenon of halogen bonding, this tutorial review presents an overview of the methods hitherto applied for gaining an improved understanding of its behaviour in solutions and summarizes the gained knowledge in order to indicate the scope of the techniques and to facilitate exciting future developments.
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| 9. |
- Gebauer, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in crystallisation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 43:7, s. 2348-2371
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystallisation is at the heart of various scientific disciplines, but still the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying phase separation and the formation of the first solid particles in aqueous solution is rather limited. In this review, classical nucleation theory, as well as established concepts of spinodal decomposition and liquid-liquid demixing, is introduced together with a description of the recently proposed pre-nucleation cluster pathway. The features of pre-nucleation clusters are presented and discussed in relation to recent modifications of the classical and established models for phase separation, together with a review of experimental work and computer simulations on the characteristics of pre-nucleation clusters of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, iron(oxy)(hydr) oxide, silica, and also amino acids as an example of small organic molecules. The role of pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in the emergence of a new phase is summarized, and the link between the chemical speciation of homogeneous solutions and the process of phase separation via pre-nucleation clusters is highlighted.
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| 10. |
- Inganäs, Olle
(författare)
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Hybrid electronics and electrochemistry with conjugated polymers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 39:7, s. 2633-2642
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this critical review, we discuss the history and development of polymer devices wherein manipulation of the electronic conductivity by electrochemical redox processes in a conjugated polymer is used to form new functions. The devices employed are an electrochemical transistor, an electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor and light-emitting electrochemical cells, all of which combine doping/undoping of a conjugated polymer with modification of electronic transport (130 references).
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